I-Mini International Space Station ezungeza iNyanga
I-Mini International Space Station ezungeza iNyanga
Ekupheleni kukaJanuwari 2016, inkampani yezindaba yaseRussia i-RIA Novosti ishicilele ulwazi olungalindelekile. Uthe izikhungo zasemkhathini zaseMelika, eRussia naseYurophu zixoxisana ngezinhlobo zokubambisana kwazo esikhathini esizayo ngemuva kokuphothulwa kohlelo lwe-International Space Station (ISS), okulindeleke ukuthi lwenzeke cishe ngo-2028.
Kwavela ukuthi isivumelwano sokuqala safinyelelwa ngokushesha ukuthi ngemva kwesiteshi esikhulu ku-Earth orbit, iphrojekthi ehlangene elandelayo izoba isiteshi, esincane kakhulu ngosayizi, kodwa siqhubekele izikhathi eziyinkulungwane - eduze neNyanga.
Imiphumela ye-ARM kanye ne-Constellation
Kunjalo, imiqondo eyahlukene kakhulu yezisekelo zenyanga - kokubili okungaphezulu, ukuzungeza okuphansi, kanye ne-orbit ephezulu - iye yavela emashumini eminyaka amuva nje cishe kanye eminyakeni emibili. Zazihlukene ngezinga - kusukela kwabancane, okuvumela iqembu labantu ababili noma abathathu ukuthi bahlale izinyanga ezimbalwa, okudinga ukuthuthwa ngokoqobo konke okudingekayo empilweni kusuka eMhlabeni, kuya ezindlini ezinkulu, amadolobha acishe azimele anabantu abaningi. yezinkulungwane eziningi. izakhamuzi. Babenento eyodwa abafana ngayo - ukuntula imali.
Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, isikhashana nje, uhlelo lwaseMelika lokubuyela eNyangeni, olwaziwa ngeConstellation, lwabonakala lunethuba, kodwa nalo lwaba yisisulu sokuntuleka kwezinsiza kanye nokungafuni kwezombusazwe. Ngo-2013, i-NASA yahlongoza iphrojekthi ebizwa nge-ARM (Asteroid Redirect Mission), kamuva eyaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-ARU (Asteroid Retrieval and, Utilization), okuwuhlelo olunesifiso sokuletha emhlabeni wethu futhi luhlole itshe elingaphezulu kwelinye lama-asteroids. Umgomo bekuwukuba yizigaba eziningi.
Esigabeni sokuqala, kwakudingeka kuthunyelwe kwelinye lamaplanethi eqembu le-NEO (Izinto Eziseduze Nomhlaba), i.e. eduze noMhlaba, umkhumbi we-ARRM (Asteroid Retrieval Robotic Mission) ofakwe uhlelo oluthuthukisiwe lwe-ion propulsion wawuhlelelwe ukuthi usuke eMhlabeni ngoDisemba 2021 futhi uhlale phezu kwento enganqunyiwe esikhathini esingaphansi kweminyaka emibili. Ngosizo lwamahange akhethekile, kwakufanele igwebe idwala elinobubanzi obungamamitha angu-4 (ubunzima bayo buzoba amathani angu-20), bese liyigoqa ngesembozo esiqinile. Izosuka ibheke eMhlabeni kodwa ingahlali eMhlabeni ngezizathu ezimbili ezibalulekile. Okokuqala, awukho umkhumbi omkhulu kangaka okwazi ukuthwala into enzima kangaka, futhi okwesibili, ngangingafuni ukuhlangana nomkhathi womhlaba.
Kulesi simo, kwasungulwa iphrojekthi yokuletha ukubamba emzileni othize othize we-retrograde (DRO, i-Distant Retrograde Orbit) ngo-2025. Izinzile kakhulu, okungeke ikuvumele ukuba iwe ngokushesha enyangeni. Impahla izohlolwa ngezindlela ezimbili - ngophenyo oluzenzakalelayo kanye nabantu abalethwe yimikhumbi ye-Orion, okuwukuphela kwensalela yohlelo lwe-Constellation. Futhi i-AGC, ikhanseliwe ngo-Ephreli 2017, ingasetshenziswa endaweni yenyanga? Izingxenye ezimbili ezibalulekile - into eyodwa, okungukuthi, injini ye-ion, neyodwa engaphatheki, i-GCI orbit.
Iyiphi i-orbit, amarokhethi ani?
Abenzi bezinqumo babhekane nombuzo obalulekile: Isiteshi kufanele silandele kuyiphi indlela, ebizwa ngokuthi i-DSG (Deep Space Gateway). Ukube abantu bebezoya ebusweni beNyanga esikhathini esizayo, bekuyoba sobala ukukhetha umzila ophansi, cishe amakhilomitha ayikhulu, kodwa uma lesi siteshi besiyindawo yokumisa endleleni eya ekukhululweni koMhlaba-Inyanga. uhlelo lwamaphuzu noma ama-asteroids, kuzofanele abekwe endaweni eyi-elliptical orbit, enganikeza inzuzo enkulu yamandla.
Ngenxa yalokho, ukhetho lwesibili lwakhethwa, olwasekelwa inombolo enkulu yemigomo engafinyelelwa ngale ndlela. Nokho, lena bekungeyona indlela yokuzungeza ye-DRO yakudala, kodwa i-NRHO (Near Rectilinear Halo Orbit) - umzila ovulekile, ozinzile odlula eduze kwamaphoyinti ahlukene okulingana kwamandla adonsela phansi oMhlaba neNyanga. Olunye udaba olubalulekile bekungaba wukukhethwa kwemoto ezokwethulwa, ukube ibingekho ngaleso sikhathi. Kulesi simo, ukubheja ku-SLS (Space Launch System), i-rocket eyi-super-rocket eyakhiwe ngaphansi kwe-NASA ukuhlola ukujula kwesimiso sonozungezilanga, kwakusobala, ngoba usuku lokugunyazwa kwenguqulo yayo elula kwakuyilona eliseduze - ngaleso sikhathi. yafakwa ekupheleni kuka-2018.
Vele, bekukhona amanye amarokhethi amabili abebekiwe - i-Falcon Heavy evela ku-SpaceX kanye ne-New Glenn-3S yaseBlue Origin, kodwa babe nezithiyo ezimbili - umthamo ophansi wokuthwala kanye neqiniso lokuthi ngaleso sikhathi nawo ayekhona ephepheni kuphela (okwamanje i-Falcon Kunzima ngemuva kwe-debut eyimpumelelo, ukwethulwa kwerokhethi i-New Glenn kuhlelelwe u-2021). Ngisho namarokhethi amakhulu kangaka, akwazi ukuletha amathani angama-65 omthwalo okhokhelwayo emzileni ophansi woMhlaba, azokwazi ukuletha isisindo esingamathani ayi-10 kuphela endaweni yeNyanga. kube isakhiwo Modular. Enguqulweni yokuqala, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi kuzoba amamojula amahlanu - ukushayela kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla, izindawo zokuhlala ezimbili, isango kanye ne-logistics, okuzothi ngemva kokulayishwa kuzosebenza njengelabhorethri.
Njengoba abanye abahlanganyeli be-ISS nabo babonise isithakazelo esikhulu ku-DRG, i.e. EJapane naseCanada, kwaba sobala ukuthi i-manipulator izohlinzekwa yiCanada, esebenza ngokukhethekile ngamarobhothi asemkhathini, futhi iJapane yanikeza indawo yokuhlala evaliwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iRussia yathi ngemva kokusebenza komkhumbi-mkhathi weFederation, ezinye zazo zingathunyelwa esiteshini esisha. Umqondo wesifiki esincane esingenamuntu, esikwazi ukuletha kusuka ebusweni beSilver Globe ukusuka emashumini ambalwa kuya kumashumi amaningana amakhilogremu amasampula, wathenjiswa ngokuhlanganyela yi-ESA, CSA kanye ne-JAXA. Izinhlelo zesikhathi eside kwakuwukwengeza enye, indawo yokuhlala enkulu ekupheleni kweminyaka engu-XNUMX, futhi kamuva, isiteji sokuhambisa esingaqondisa inkimbinkimbi ku-trajectory eholela kwezinye izinhloso.
