Ukudluliswa kwemishini yemoto. Umhlahlandlela ophelele wokudluliswa kwezandla

U-gearbox ungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zemoto, okuvumela ukuthi ushintshe i-torque edluliswa kusuka enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi iye emasondweni. Ukuba khona kuka-gearbox kwenza kube lula ukushintsha ijubane lemoto ezindaweni eziningi uma usebenzisa ijubane elincane lenjini. Amagiya aphansi anciphisa umthwalo enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi ngesikhathi sokusheshisa kokuqala, ukushayela umqansa, nokuthuthwa kwempahla. Eziphakeme zikuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise isivinini esibalulekile ngesivinini esiphakathi senjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Ukudlulisa amandla emasondweni ngokuqondile, ngaphandle kuka-gearbox, kungaphoqa i-ICE ukuthi isebenze umsebenzi onzima kakhulu, okungenza ibe yinto esebenzisekayo.

Naphezu kokukhula kokuthandwa kwama-automatic transmissions, izimoto ezihanjiswa ngesandla zisadingeka.

I-Mechanics inezinzuzo eziningi, ngenxa yokuthi abanikazi bezimoto ezine-manual abajahi ukushintshela ezimotweni ezifakwe ama-gearbox azenzakalelayo.

Ngakho-ke, yini engabalelwa ebuhleni bemishini?

1. Yiqiniso, into ebalulekile, futhi ngokuvamile enqumayo, intengo yemoto. Ngokuvamile, ukuthunyelwa kwezandla kubiza umenzi we-automaker ngaphansi kwe-othomathikhi, ngakho-ke imodeli efanayo ene-manual transmission ibiza ngaphansi kwesethi ephelele ene-automatic transmission.

2. Uma sikhuluma ngokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, khona-ke ukudluliswa kwe-manual kunciphisa kakhulu ukonga futhi kukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise imali encane kuphethiloli. Lokhu kungabonakala ngokuqhathanisa izici zokusebenza zanoma iyiphi imodeli ekucushweni okuhlukene. Cishe kungenxa yalesi sizathu iningi labantu base-Europe abaziwa ngokuba kahle kakhulu ekubaleni imali, bancamele ukuthenga izimoto ezishintshwayo.

3. Izinto ezithunyelwa ngemishini azikho inkimbinkimbi njengezizenzakalelayo, ngakho kulula futhi kushibhile ukuzikhanda. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinto ezidluliswa ngesandla zesimanje ziqhathaniswa nezidlulisi ezizenzakalelayo ngokuya ngobunkimbinkimbi bedivayisi kanye nezindleko zokuyilungisa.

4. Ama-Mechanics abhekwa njengokwethenjelwa futhi ahlala isikhathi eside kunokuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu mhlawumbe kungenxa yeqiniso lokuthi ukuvela kokudluliswa kwemishini kuhamba kancane, ubuchwepheshe nezixazululo zedizayini kuzo kuvame ukuqhutshwa ngaphakathi futhi zihlolwe isikhathi. Futhi emishinini, ezinye izixazululo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe aziphumelelanga kakhulu futhi zinciphisa ikhwalithi yale yunithi.

5. Uma ibhethri lakho lifile, ungakwazi ukuqala imoto ngokuyishintsha ngesandla usuka kupusher ngokuvula igiya lesi-2 noma lesi-3. Ngemoto enomshini ozenzakalelayo esimweni esinjalo, kuzodingeka ubize iloli lokudonsa.

6. Oomakhenikha bangakwazi ukumelana nemodi yokudonsa ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Kodwa ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kungashisa futhi kuhluleke, ngakho-ke izimoto ezine-othomathikhi zingadonswa kuphela ngesivinini esingekho ngaphezu kuka-30 km / h kanye nebanga elilinganiselwe (kufika ku-30 ​​km), emva kwalokho udinga ukuvumela ibhokisi lipholile. phansi. Amanye ama-automatic transmissions awabandakanyi imodi yokudonsa.

7. Ukuhanjiswa okwenziwa ngesandla kukuvumela ukuthi uphathe kangcono izimo zokushayela ezeqisayo eqhweni, odakeni, njll.

Izithiyo eziyinhloko zama-mechanics zimi kanje.

1. Ukushayela imoto eshintshwayo akulula kangako kunokushayela i-automatic. Akungabazeki ukuthi yisona sizathu esikhulu esenza abantu bakhethe izimoto ezishintshashintshayo.

2. Isidingo sokuhlala uhambisa isishicileli segiya singase sikhathale, ikakhulukazi esiminyaminyeni sezimoto noma ngamarobhothi amaningi endleleni.

3. Ukuthumela okwenziwa ngesandla kuthatha ubukhona obungapheli futhi obudinga ukulungiswa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngokungafani neminyaka edlule, ezimotweni zanamuhla, ukushintshwa kwe-clutch kuyinqubo enzima, evame ukudinga ukudilizwa kwebhokisi. Kuma-automatic transmissions, ayikho i-clutch edingekayo nhlobo.

Amagiya ku-transmission manual ashintshwa ngezinyathelo, ngakho-ke amabhokisi emishini ahlukaniswa ngokuyinhloko ngenani lezinyathelo (amagiya). Ukuyibeka kalula nje, isigaba ngasinye sinepheya laso lamagiya, elinikeza isilinganiso esithile segiya.

Ama-gearbox ajwayelekile angama-4-speed manje awakaze asetshenziswe, ngoba awasebenzi kahle ngesivinini esingaphezu kuka-120 km / h. Manje izinga liyizinyathelo ezi-5, kancane kancane 6. Kukhona amabhokisi lapho kunezinyathelo ezingaphezu kwesithupha, kodwa bambalwa abantu abathanda isidingo sokusebenzisa njalo inkinobho yokushintsha igiya kumodi yokumisa idolobha, ngakho-ke izinketho ezinjalo azivamile ukusetshenziswa. ezimotweni zabagibeli.

Ngokwezici zokuklama, izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-gearbox wemishini zingahlukaniswa - ama-shaft amabili, afakwe ezimotweni ezihamba phambili ezinamasondo kanye nama-shaft amathathu, asetshenziswa ikakhulukazi nge-back-wheel drive.

Kumshini wokudlulisa ngesandla wakudala, kunamashafu amabili ahlelwe ngokuhambisana. Eyokuqala, okuyiyona ehamba phambili futhi, ithola ukuzungezisa enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi ngomshini wokubamba. Eshayelayo idlulisa i-torque eguquliwe iye phambili ngokudluliselwa kumasondo okushayela.

Amagiya afakwe kuwo womabili ama-shaft ahlukene ngama-meshing. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amagiya awagxilile ku-shaft yesibili futhi angajikeleza ngokukhululekile, kuyilapho eqinile ngokuqinile ku-shaft drive.

Ama-synchronizer clutches afakwe phakathi kwamagiya e-shaft driven azungeza ne-shaft, kodwa angakwazi ukuhamba eduze kwama-splines eduze kwawo. inhloso ye-synchronizer iwukuvimba ukujikeleza kwamahhala kwegiya elithile futhi ngaleyo ndlela kubandakanye igiya elithile.

Ukucindezela i-clutch pedal kuphazamisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-gearbox input shaft kanye ne-crankshaft yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Manje ungavula ukudlulisela. Ngokuhambisa i-lever, umshayeli usebenza kwenye yezimfoloko ngomshini wokushayela, futhi ushintsha i-clutch ehambisanayo bese ecindezela i-synchronizer ngokumelene negiya ngendandatho yokuvimba.

Amagiya eringi ye-synchronizer namagiya ayasebenzisana. Igiya manje selikhiyelwe ku-output shaft futhi lingakwazi ukudlulisa ukuzungeza kulo lisuka ku-input shaft nge-gear ratio efanele. Konke, igiya oyifunayo ihileleke, kusele kuphela ukukhulula i-clutch pedal, futhi i-torque izodluliselwa emasondweni.

Indlela yokushayela yokushintsha amagiya ku-gearbox enamashafu amabili ivamise ukuba kude. Ukuxhuma i-lever yokushintsha nebhokisi, izinduku noma ikhebula zisetshenziswa.

Emiklamo eminingi, esikhundleni se-shaft eyodwa yesibili, ezimbili ezifushanisiwe zisetshenziswa, futhi amagiya asakazwa phakathi kwawo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi unciphise kakhulu ubukhulu bebhokisi.

Ngomklamo onama-shaft amathathu, ukudluliswa kokujikeleza kusuka ku-drive shaft kuya ku-shaft eqhutshwayo akwenzeki ngokuqondile, kodwa nge-shaft ephakathi. Kulesi simo, i-shaft eqhutshwayo itholakala ku-axis efanayo neyokuqala, futhi i-shaft ephakathi ihambisana.

Njengokuklanywa kwe-shaft-shaft, amagiya we-shaft eqhutshwayo awaqinisiwe kuwo. Kodwa ngasikhathi sinye, banobudlelwano obuqhubekayo namagiya we-shaft ephakathi. Uma kungenjalo, isimiso sokusebenza sifana nokudluliswa kwe-manual shaft ezimbili.

Ukuze unike amandla igiya elihlehlayo, kukhona igiya elimaphakathi elifakwe ku-shaft ehlukile. Ngenxa yokufakwa kwegiya eliphakathi, ukujikeleza kwe-shaft okukhiphayo kuyahlehliswa.

I-gearshift mechanism ekwakhiweni kwamashaft amathathu ifakwe ngaphakathi kwebhokisi. Kuhlanganisa i-lever kanye nezilayidi ezinamafoloko.

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema ukuphuka ngaphambi kwesikhathi ku-gearbox wukusebenzisa ngendlela efanele.

1. Ukushintsha amagiya kumele kwenziwe ngokulandela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi. Imayelana nenani elincane kanye nesivinini esiphezulu esivunyelwe ukudlulisela okuthile. Ungakwazi ukuzulazula nge-speedometer, i-tachometer noma umsindo wenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi.

2. Ngesivinini esiphansi kanye nesivinini esiphansi senjini, ungasebenzisi amagiya angaphezu kwesibili.

3. Ukusebenza kahle nge-clutch ngeke kuvikeleke kuphela ekugqokeni okusheshayo, kodwa futhi kugweme amaphutha ezingxenyeni ze-gearbox. Cindezela i-clutch ngokushesha futhi uyikhulule kancane, kodwa hhayi kancane kakhulu. Cindezela i-pedal kuze kube sekugcineni, ngaphandle kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwegiya elithile, uzozwa i-crunch evela endaweni yokuhlola. Lokhu akufanele kuvunyelwe. Futhi noma kunjalo ungaphonsi i-clutch pedal ngokucijile.

4. Uma uya phambili ngisho nangesivinini esiphansi, ungavumeli ukuxhamazela okukhulu lapho ushintshela egiyeni elihlehlayo. Imoto kufanele ime ngokuphelele, futhi kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho kungavulwa igiya lokuhlehla. Ukungawunaki lo mthetho olula uzokhubaza igiya elibuyela emuva ngemuva kwesikhashana, bese kuzodingeka ulungise ibhokisi.

5. Gwema ukushintsha amagiya ngenkathi udlula ijika elicijile.

6. Lahla umkhuba wokugcina isandla sakho siphezu kwegiya. Ngisho nengcindezi ebonakala incane kangako kumshini wokushayela inomthelela ekugugeni okusheshiswayo kwemfoloko nama-couplings ebhokisini.

7. Zama ukuzibamba uma ukhetha isitayela sokushayela esibukhali. I-"Schumacher" ngemuva kwesondo isitha esibi kakhulu kuwo wonke u-gearbox.

8. Hlola izinga nesimo se-lubricant ku-gearbox. Ungakhohlwa ukushintsha ngesikhathi.

Ezinye izimpawu ezingaqondile zizotshela umnikazi wemoto ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngebhokisi.

Ezinye izinkinga zingabangelwa izizathu ezingathí sina futhi kulula ukuzilungisa.

Umsindo noma ukudlidliza. Okokuqala, thola ukuqiniswa kwebhokisi - mhlawumbe udinga nje ukuqinisa ama-bolts. Ukuntuleka noma ikhwalithi engeyinhle yesigcobo nakho kuzodala ukuthi ibhokisi lenze umsindo, ngakho-ke xilonga izinga futhi, uma kunesidingo, uligcwalise noma ulishintshe ngokushayela.

Ukuvuza kwamafutha. Ngokuvamile ziqedwa ngokufaka esikhundleni sezindlala nezimpawu. Okungavamile kakhulu ukonakala kwe-crankcase noma ukufakwa okungafanele kwebhokisi nezingxenye ezihambisanayo.

Ukushintsha amagiya kunzima. Okokuqala, thola indlela yokushintsha idrayivu, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi. Ingase ibe namaphutha noma imane idinga ukulungiswa nokuqiniswa kwezixhumi.

Ezinye izimpawu zingakhombisa ukuphuka okudinga ukukhandwa kuka-gearbox, ikakhulukazi uma inkinga iba kwamanye amagiya futhi ingekho kwamanye.

Ubunzima bokushintsha amagiya, okuhambisana nokukhala. Lokhu kungenzeka ngokuvala shaqa okungaphelele, ngakho qala uhlole ukusebenza kwakho. Uma yonke into ihlelekile nge-clutch, khona-ke inkinga kungenzeka ukuthi iku-synchronizers ezigugile ezidinga ukushintshwa.

Ukusetha kabusha okuzenzakalelayo kokudluliswa okufakiwe. Amacala angaba isethi - imfoloko ye-gear shift, i-retainer, i-synchronizer clutch noma indandatho yokuvimbela. Kunoma yikuphi, akukho ukulungisa okungenziwa.

I-hum njalo, i-squeal noma i-crunch. Isizathu singase kube ama-bearings aphukile, amazinyo egiya agugile noma aphukile. Idinga nokulungiswa kabusha.

Abashisekayo abanolwazi olwanele, amathuluzi nezimo zokusebenza bangazama ukuzikhanda bona u-gearbox. Kodwa abashayeli abaningi bangathanda ukuphathisa lo msebenzi onzima kochwepheshe benkonzo yezimoto.

Ezimweni eziningi kungase kube lula, kushibhile futhi kusheshe ukuthenga nokufaka okuthiwa u-gearbox wenkontileka.

Uma unquma ukulungisa ibhokisi lakho lika-gearbox, bheka isitolo esiku-inthanethi. Lapha ungakhetha ezidingekayo noma uthenge ibhokisi eliphelele.