MAZ 543

Umbukiso obizwa ngokuthi i-MAZ 543 wathuthukiswa njengemoto ehamba phambili edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo, engahlukanga ekuklanyweni kwe-analogues yomhlaba. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi lesi siqhwaga esinama-axle amane sadalwa kuphela ezingxenyeni ezikhiqizwa ekhaya.

Ekuqaleni, onjiniyela babebhekene nomsebenzi wokuthuthukisa umthuthi we-missile, bese isisekelo se-543 saba yindawo yonke yezinhlelo eziningi ezengeziwe nemishini. Ngenxa yalokho, imoto esindayo isibe enye yezimoto ezifunwa kakhulu esikhungweni sezimoto sezempi sase-USSR.

Isizinda Esimlando

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lolu hlobo lwemishini lusasebenza neRussia kanye namazwe e-CIS. Njalo ngonyaka, lezi zimoto zingabonakala kuyo yonke inkazimulo yazo emibuthanweni enikezelwe kuSuku Lokunqoba eMpini Enkulu Yokushisekela Izwe.

Indaba yaqala nge-MAZ 537, njengoba le modeli yathathwa njengesisekelo. Ngemva kokuqala kokukhiqiza ngobuningi be-537, iqembu lonjiniyela eliholwa umklami ovelele u-B.L. lathunyelwa eMinsk. Shaposhnikov. Inhloso yentuthuko kwaba isidingo sokugcwalisa ezokuthutha zamasosha.

Onjiniyela baqala umsebenzi ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950, kwathi ngawo-1960 kwasungulwa umqondo weloli elisindayo elisha. Ekupheleni konyaka, uhulumeni wase-USSR wanquma ukuqala ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.

Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, prototypes MAZ 543 zalungiselelwa ukuhlolwa inani izingcezu 6. Izimoto ezimbili zaqondiswa kabusha embonini yaseVolgograd, lapho zaqale zahlonywa iziqhumane zamarokhethi namasampula ezikhali ezintsha.

Ngokokuqala ngqa, umthuthi we-missile wabamba iqhaza ekuhlolweni kwezikhali ezicitshwayo ngo-1964. Phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sokuhlolwa, akukho ukushiyeka okukhulu ngokwemibandela yezobuchwepheshe okuphawuliwe.

Ngezansi isithombe esibizwa nge-Rocket Carrier

Технические характеристики

I-missile carrier yokuqala yomugqa we-MAZ 543 yayinomthamo ongaphezu kuka-19 kg. Kuwo wonke umlando, amakhophi angaphezu kwenkulungwane nesigamu alolu hlobo aphume emgqeni womhlangano. Abanye babo bathunyelwa eMpumalanga Jalimane, lapho i-chassis yayisetshenziswa njengeloli lokuthutha amasosha.

Ukushaywa kwama-trailer kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuguqula imoto ibe ugandaganda ogcwele. Isibonelo, ezinye izibonelo ziye zaba ama-motorhomes, izimoto zasekhaya, namanye amamodeli.

Isistimu yezikhali ezicitshwayo zokuqala ukubekwa kule chassis kwakuyi-TEMP tactical complex. Kamuva yathathelwa indawo ukufakwa kwe-9P117.

Futhi ngesisekelo MAZ 543 zazitholakala:

• iziteshi zokuxhumana ngomakhalekhukhwini;
• izindawo zokuhlola ukulwa;
• izinhlelo ezicitshwayo zezizukulwane nezinjongo ezahlukene;
• i-crane yezempi, njll.

UKhayini

Abangaphakathi kumele bazibuze ukuthi kungani kwakhethwa lo mklamo wangaphakathi. Kulula, imicibisholo yokuqala ye-TEMP yayinobude obungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-12, ngakho-ke bekufanele ibekwe ndawana thize.

Ekuqaleni babefuna nje ukwenza umgodi omncane phakathi nendawo yendlu. Kodwa ngokobuchwepheshe akuzange kusebenze. Kwabonakala sengathi ukuphela kwendlela yokuphuma kwakuwukusebenzisa uhlaka olude. Nokho, uShaposhnikov wanquma ukuthatha indlela engeyona evamile futhi wahlukanisa indawo yokuhlola ibe izingxenye ezimbili, okwakungabekwa phakathi kwazo umcibisholo.

Ngaphambilini, le ndlela ayizange isetshenziswe ekwakhiweni kwemishini yezempi, kodwa kwaba yisixazululo esilungile kuphela. Futhi, lapho bedala ikhabethe, onjiniyela banquma ukusebenzisa amashidi angewona awensimbi. Bakhetha i-polyester resin eqinisiwe efana nepulasitiki.

Ekuqaleni, wonke umuntu wayenokungabaza ngalesi sinqumo, kodwa ukuhlolwa kwafakazela ukwethembeka namandla okwaziswa. Ukuze kuqiniswe, kwasetshenziswa amapuleti ezikhali ezengeziwe, ayelengiswa phezulu. Indlu ngayinye yayinezihlalo ezimbili.

I-MAZ yezempi

Lapho kwakhiwa imoto, akusetshenziswanga kuphela izingxenye zasekhaya ezenziwe e-USSR, kodwa futhi nemibono emisha yabaklami ngaleso sikhathi:

• ifreyimu esekela izingxenye ezimbili ze-curvilinear shape, eyenziwe nge-welding kanye ne-riveting;
• ukumiswa kwe-torsion bar ngama-levers, okuqinisekisa ukuhamba kahle;
• i-XNUMX-speed hydromechanical transmission enekhono lokushintsha ngaphandle kokucisha ugesi;
• I-8-wheel drive enomsebenzi wokupompa othomathikhi, ingezwe uhlelo lokulawula ingcindezi (ukwandisa i-patency kunoma yiziphi izimo);
• isitshalo samandla esinamasilinda ayishumi nambili esisuka ku-D-12A-525 esinomthamo osebenzayo ongaphezu kwamalitha angama-38 namandla alinganiselwe angaphezu kuka-500 hp;
• amathangi amabili uphethiloli diesel umthamo 250 amalitha (indawo yokugcina 180 amalitha);
• isisindo imoto isilinganiso amathani 20 (kuye ngokuthi ukuguqulwa kanye nenjongo);
• ibanga lokuma okungenani elingama-21 m.

Ubukhulu obubanzi

• ubude 11,26 m;
• ukuphakama 2,9m;
• ububanzi 3,05 m;
• ukuphakama komhlabathi 40 cm;
• ithrekhi 2375 m;
• i-radius ephendukayo 13,5m.

Izinguquko ezinkulu

Namuhla kunamamodeli amabili ayinhloko nezinguqulo eziningana ezincane.

I-MAZ 543 A

Ngo-1963 kwethulwa inguqulo yokuqala ethuthukisiwe ye-MAZ 543A, enesisindo esincane esithwala amathani angu-19,4. Ngemva kwesikhashana, okungukuthi, kusukela ngo-1966, izinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemishini yezempi zaqala ukukhiqizwa ngesisekelo sokuguqulwa kwe-A (ihhotela).

Ngakho-ke, akukho mehluko omningi kangako kumodeli yesisekelo. Into yokuqala ozoyibona ukuthi ama-cabs aseqhubekele phambili. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwandisa ubude obuwusizo befreyimu ku-7000 mm.

Mangisho ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwale nguqulo kwakukukhulu futhi kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kwawo-2000, sezizonke izingxenye azizange zibe ngaphezu kuka-2500 ziphuma emgqeni womhlangano.

Ngokuyisisekelo, izimoto bezisebenza njengezithuthi ezicitshwayo zokuthutha izikhali ezicitshwayo nazo zonke izinhlobo zemishini. Ngokuvamile, i-chassis yayiyindawo yonke futhi yayihloselwe ukufakwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezakhiwo ezinkulu.

I-MAZ 543 M

Incazelo yegolide yawo wonke umugqa we-543, ukuguqulwa okungcono kakhulu, yadalwa ngo-1974. Ngokungafani nabangaphambi kwayo, le moto inekhebhu kuphela ohlangothini lwesobunxele. Umthamo wokuthwala wawuphakeme kakhulu, wafinyelela ku-22 kg ngaphandle kokucabangela isisindo semoto ngokwayo.

Ngokuvamile, azikho izinguquko ezinkulu zesakhiwo ezabonwa. Ngesisekelo se-MAZ 543 M, izikhali ezesabekayo kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zezakhiwo ezingaphezulu ziye zakhiqizwa futhi zisadalwa. Lezi yi-SZO "Smerch", i-S-300 air defense systems, njll.

Ngaso sonke isikhathi, lesi sitshalo sakhiqiza okungenani izingcezu eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4,5 zochungechunge lwe-M. Ngokuwa kwe-USSR, ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kwamiswa. Okwakusele kwakuwukukhiqizwa kwamaqoqo amancane ayethunywe uhulumeni. Ngonyaka wezi-2005, ingqikithi yezinhlobonhlobo eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-11 ezisekelwe emndenini wama-543 zase ziphumile emgqeni womhlangano.

Ku-chassis yeloli lezempi elinomzimba wensimbi yonke i-MAZ 7930 yasungulwa ngawo-90s, lapho kwafakwa khona injini enamandla kakhulu (500 hp). Ukukhululwa ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi benguqulo, ebizwa ngokuthi i-MZKT 7930, akuzange kumise ngisho nokuwa kwe-USSR. Ukukhululwa kuyaqhubeka kuze kube yilolu suku.

Ukulungiswa kwezinga elincane

Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-50 yomlando walo modeli, ukuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene kwakhiqizwa ngenani elilinganiselwe. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial akuzange kusungulwe, ngoba sasingekho isidingo sakho.

Isibonelo, i-MAZ 543 B yayihloselwe ukufaka isiqalisi serokhethi esithuthukisiwe esingu-9K72. Isisekelo sochungechunge olukhulu lwe-M kwakuyisibonelo sochungechunge lwe-B.

Ngokuphathelene nezidingo zezomnotho nezokusebenza, ukuguqulwa ngenkomba engu-P kwakhiqizwa. Lezi kwakuyizimoto zokuqeqesha umlilo noma amamodeli okuthutha ama-trailer nezingcezu zezikhali ezinkulu. Cishe izingcezu ezingama-250 kuphela.

Ngokuvamile, njengengxenye yesitimela somgwaqo kagandaganda we-axle amabili MAZ 5433 kanye nenombolo ye-serial 8385, ungathola i-module ye-MAZ 543 7310 ebhodini namanye amamodeli.

Iqoqo elincane le-MAZ 543 Hurricanes lalihloselwe izinkonzo zomlilo. Lezi ziqhwaga zisatholakala ezikhumulweni zemikhumbi-mkhathi zamazwe e-CIS. Imishini yokucisha umlilo ibifakwe ithangi lamanzi amalitha angu-12 000 kanye nethangi legwebu elingu-900 litre.

Imishini enjalo yayibalulekile ekucimeni imililo kulezo zindawo. Ububi obukhulu bazo zonke izimoto kulolu chungechunge ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuphezulu. Uma amamodeli okuqala "adla" amalitha angu-100 ngamakhilomitha angu-100, izinguqulo zesimanje zisebenzisa amalitha angu-125 ngebanga elifanayo.

Ukusebenza kwemishini yezempi

Abashayeli abaqeqeshwe ngokufanele bangakwazi ukushayela imoto enkulu kangaka. Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuphumelela izivivinyo ngolwazi lwezingxenye ezisele ezifanayo, izinyathelo zokuphepha futhi, yiqiniso, ukuzishayela. Ngokuvamile, izisebenzi ezijwayelekile zemoto ziqukethe abantu ababili, ngakho-ke kufanele basebenze ndawonye.

Ubuchwepheshe obusha budinga ukwethulwa. Okokuqala, ngemva kokugijima kwe-1000 km, i-MOT yokuqala yenziwa. Futhi, ngemva kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili, kushintshwa uwoyela.

Ngaphambi kokuqala injini, umshayeli upompa isistimu yokugcoba ngepompo ekhethekile (ingcindezi efika ku-2,5 atm) isikhathi esingaphezu komzuzu. Uma izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kwama-degree angu-5, injini kufanele ifudunyezwe ngaphambi kokuqala - kukhona uhlelo olukhethekile lokushisa lwalokhu.

Ngemva kokumisa injini, ukuyiqalisa kabusha kuvunyelwe kuphela ngemva kwemizuzu engama-30. Ngemva kokukhukhula emazingeni okushisa aphansi, imboni yamandla iyaqalwa ukuze ikhiphe amanzi ku-turbine.

Ngakho-ke, imoto yayingasebenzi isikhathi eside ekushiseni okungaphansi kuka-15 degrees. Bese kuthi ugearbox oyi-hydromechanical one-overdrive uzicime.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isivinini reverse icushiwe kuphela ngemva stop ephelele. Lapho ushayela endaweni eqinile nomhlaba owomile, igiya eliphakeme lisebenza, futhi ezimweni ezingekho emgwaqeni kufakwa igiya eliphansi.

Lapho umisa emthambekeni ongaphezu kuka-7 degrees, ngaphezu kwe-hand brake, idrayivu ye-master cylinder yesistimu ye-brake isetshenziswa. Ukupaka akufanele kudlule amahora angu-4, ngaphandle kwalokho kufakwa ama-wheel chock.

Imboni yesimanje

Ngeshwa, ogandaganda be-MAZ 543 kancane kancane bashintshwa amamodeli athuthukisiwe we-MZKT 7930, kodwa lokhu kwenzeka kancane kancane. Zonke izinto zokusebenza zisesezingeni eliphezulu. Emazweni amaningi e-CIS, kuhlanganise neRussia, le mishini ekhethekile isasebenza.

Lezi zimoto ngeke uzithole emkhakheni wezomnotho we-civil-economic. Phela, inhloso yayo eyinhloko ukuthuthwa nokuthuthwa kwempahla, izikhali, amamojula ezempi namasosha.

Amanye amamodeli ashintshiwe enziwa izindlu zasemakhaya. Manje izimoto zenziwe ngamaqoqwana amancane ngokusho kwemiyalelo kahulumeni yezempi. Imishini enjalo ayidayisi futhi ayiqashiwe, ngeke isebenze ukuthenga ngisho nogandaganda osuphelile.