Usizo lwezezimali lwase-Ukraine - Lend-Lease ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX
UMongameli wase-Ukraine uVolodymyr Zelensky ujwayelana nezikhali ezihlinzekwa amazwe aseNtshonalanga endaweni yokuqeqesha esifundeni sase-Rivne ngoFebhuwari 16, 2022. Ngaphambili kunesistimu yemicibisholo ye-anti-aircraft yebanga elifushane le-Stinger Dual Mount.
Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, ama-Allies alwa ne-Axis Powers ayengathembela ezintweni ezinkulu zaseMelika ezidluliselwe ngaphansi komthetho we-Lend-Lease Act owaphasiswa ngoMashi 11, 1941. Abahlomuli balokhu kulethwa kwadingeka bakhokhele kuphela izingalo nemishini esele ezinsizeni zabo ngemva kokuphela kwempi, noma bazibuyisele. Namuhla, i-Armed Forces yase-Ukraine ingathembela kusizo olufanayo ezimweni ezifanayo, kodwa ngesisekelo samahhala (okungenani kulesi sigaba samanje).
Ngo-February 24, ukuhlasela kweRussia ngokumelene ne-Ukraine kwaqala. Ngeke singene sijule phakathi kwale mpi, sichaze impumelelo nokwehluleka noma amaphutha ezinhlangothi ezibambene. Sizogxila ekuhlinzekweni kwezikhali nezinhlamvu (kodwa hhayi lokhu kuphela, kamuva) okuza ngaphambi nangemva kokugqashuka kwempi evela emazweni aseNtshonalanga aqondwa kabanzi, kanye nokubaluleka kwazo enkambweni yobutha.
Ukuthula okukhulu ngaphambi kwesiphepho
Ngenxa yokulungiswa okubonakalayo okubonakalayo kwe-Armed Forces of the Russian Federation yokuhlasela kwe-Ukraine, okuqinisekiswe ngokusemthethweni ngabameleli bohulumeni kanye nezinsizakalo zezobunhloli zase-United States naseGreat Britain, ezinye izifunda zaseNtshonalanga ezingamalungu eNorth Atlantic Alliance. sebeqale isinyathelo sokudlulisela ohlangothini lwase-Ukraine izikhali zokuzivikela ezinqwabelene nempahla yezempi emabuthweni abo ahlomile. Izitatimende zokuqala mayelana nosizo lwe-Armed Forces of Ukraine, eziphawulwe kwabezindaba, zenziwa eNtshonalanga ngoDisemba 2021 emazweni aseBaltic nase-United States. Ngo-December 21, phakathi nomhlangano wezinhloko zeminyango yezokuvikela, bamemezela inhloso yabo yokunikeza usizo lwezempi e-Ukraine. Ngokuqondene nemininingwane, iziphathimandla zeRiphabhulikhi yase-Estonia zamemezela ngoDisemba 30 ukuthi iTallinn izohlinzeka Amasosha Ase-Ukraine (i-SZU) izikhali nezinhlamvu. NgokukaPeeter Kuimet, inhloko yomnyango wokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe woMnyango Wezokuvikela weRiphabhulikhi yase-Estonia, uTallinn wayehlose ukuthumela imicibisholo ejikijelwa ngamathangi e-FGM-148 Javelin kanye nama-howitzers angu-122-mm adonsa e-United States aye e-Ukraine. I-H63 (igama lendawo le-D-30 cannon, i-Estonian Defence Forces yathenga ama-Howitzers anjalo eFinland, nawo awathola eJalimane, kusukela ezinsizeni ze-National People's Army ye-GDR, okwabangela izinkinga ngokushesha. , okuzoxoxwa ngakho kamuva). Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, uNgqongqoshe Wezokuvikela weRiphabhulikhi yaseLatvia u-Artis Pabriks waqinisekisa iNxusa lase-Ukraine eRiga u-Oleksandr Mishchenko ukuthi iLatvia izophinde ihlinzeke ngezikhali nemishini e-Ukraine, waphinde wathi izwe lakhe likubheke ngabomvu ukubambisana kwezimboni ne-Ukraine. NgoJanuwari, ezokuthutha zosizo kwakufanele zifike e-Ukraine, futhi kamuva i-SZU kwakufanele ithole ama-anti-aircraft ama-Stinger Dual Mount amafushane asebenzisa imicibisholo ye-FIM-92 Stinger. Ukudluliswa kwamakhithi afanayo kwamenyezelwa yiRiphabhulikhi yaseLithuania (eyayibuye isilungele ukudlulisa izinhlelo ze-Javelin anti-tank) - i-Lithuanian Stingers yokuqala yafika e-Ukraine ngo-February 13, kanye nama-HMMWV amaningana. Yiqiniso, ukuze kudluliselwe izikhali ezivela kwamanye amazwe, lawa mazwe kwakudingeka athole imvume yabahlinzeki bokuqala - esimweni soMnyango Wezwe LaseMelika, lokhu kwakungeyona inkinga, imvume ehambisanayo yakhishwa ngoJanuwari 19 walo nyaka.
AbaseBrithani bakhombise ijubane elihle kakhulu lokudiliva - emahoreni ambalwa ngemuva kwesinqumo sikahulumeni, iqoqo lokuqala lezikhali lathunyelwa e-Ukraine ngendiza ye-C-17A isuka ku-99th Squadron yeRoyal Air Force.
I-United States yona, yagunyaza ama-US $ 2021 wezigidi zosizo lwezempi e-Ukraine ngoDisemba 200, nosopolitiki beRepublican Party becela enye ingxenye yebhiliyoni. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi, i-SZU yathola okungenani ukuthunyelwa kwezikhali nezinhlamvu ezingu-17 ezinesisindo esingamathani angaba ngu-1500 747. Iningi losizo lwezempi yaseMelika lwafika esikhumulweni sezindiza saseBoryspil eduze kwaseKiev ngemikhumbi yezohwebo i-Boeing 428-22. . Ngenxa yokutholakala okuhle kwezinto zezithombe kanye nekhwalithi yayo ephezulu, ungaqiniseka ngokuqukethwe kokunye ukuthunyelwa. Isibonelo, ngoJanuwari 2021, i-Ukraine yathola imicibisholo ye-Javelin anti-tank eyaziwa kakhulu ngamasosha ase-Ukraine (ngokusho kwedatha ekupheleni kuka-77, ngaphambi kokuba lolu lwazi lunikezwe, i-Ukraine yathola ama-540 BPU nama-141 ATGMs), kanye namabhomu. iziqalisi ezine-MXNUMX BDM anti-concrete warhead, esezivele zisha (amaseshini okuqala okuqeqesha abanjwe ngesonto lokugcina likaJanuwari). Akwaziwa ukuthi mangaki amarokhethi neziqhumane zamabhomu, lezi zamuva kuthiwa zingaphezu kwekhulu.
I-UK yanikeza usizo olukhulu nolusheshayo e-Ukraine. UNobhala Wezokuvikela waseBrithani uRobert Ben Wallace ngomhlaka-17 Januwari kulo nyaka. wamemezela ukuthi uhulumeni wakhe uzohlinzeka i-Ukraine ngezikhali. Lokhu bekufanele, ngokwamazwi akhe, kube "izinhlelo zokuvikela amathangi ezilula" - bekucatshangwa ukuthi lezi zingaba iziqhumane zebhomu ze-AT4 ezilahlwayo noma izinhlelo zemicibisholo ye-NLAW noma yeJavelin. Ngalo lolo suku, indiza ethwala impahla yaseBrithani i-Boeing C-17A Globemaster III yaletha impahla yokuqala esikhumulweni sezindiza eduze kwaseKiev. Lolu lwazi lwaqinisekiswa ngokushesha, futhi indiza yaseBrithani yaphumelela kangangokuthi ngo-20 January uMnyango Wezokuvikela waseLondon wamemezela ukudluliselwa kwe-NLAW engaba ngu-2000 (19 C-17As yayithunyelwe e-Ukraine ngo-25 January). Abafundisi bafika nezikhali, abaqala ngokushesha ukuqeqeshwa kwethiyori (ngisho nomyalelo owenziwe lula wokusetshenziswa kwe-NPAO wakhishwa ngesi-Ukrainian), kwathi ngoJanuwari XNUMX, kwaqala izivivinyo ezingokoqobo zokusebenzisa i-NPAO. Kuyafaneleka ukunezela ukuthi ezinsukwini ezilandelayo ezinye izindiza zokuthutha ezempi ezivela e-United Kingdom zafika e-Ukraine, kodwa yini eyayisesikebheni (i-NLAW eyengeziwe, ezinye izinhlobo zezikhali, izinhlamvu, imithi?) akwaziwa.
Ngokulandelayo, iziphathimandla zaseCanada zamemezela ngoJanuwari 26 ukuthi zizonikeza usizo lwezempi e-Ukraine ngemali eyizigidi ezingu-340 zamaRandi aseCanada, kanye nolunye usizo lokusiza abantu abayizigidi ezingu-50, njll. Ingxenye yalezi zimali yayizosetshenziselwa ukunweba ukuqeqeshwa. umsebenzi owenziwe kusukela ngo-2015 ngamabutho aseCanada Ahlomile e-Ukraine (Operation "Unifier"). Abantu baseCanada babezokwandisa ithimba lokuqeqesha lisuke kumasosha angu-200 liye kwangu-260, okungenzeka kube nokunwetshwa okwengeziwe kwabantu abangama-400. Umsebenzi wabo bekufanele uhlale kuze kube okungenani 2025, futhi ukusebenza kahle kufakazelwa iqiniso lokuthi ngo 2015-2021 cishe 600 33 amasosha Ukraine aqeda izifundo ezingaphezu kuka 000. Ngokwemithombo yezindaba yaseCanada, i-Ukraine bekufanele ithole nezikhali ezibiza izigidi ezingu-10 zamadola aseCanada ngokwenqaba ukunikeza amaKurds izikhali. Kakade ngoFebhuwari 14, ngokuphambene nesimo sangaphambilini seziphathimandla zaseCanada, uMnyango Wezokuvikela Kazwelonke umemezele ukuthunyelwa kwezikhali ezincane, izesekeli kanye nezinhlamvu zezikhali ezincane eziyizigidi ezingu-1,5 ezibiza amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-7,8 zaseCanada. Izinto zokuthutha zafika e-Ukraine zingama-20 no-23 ngoFebhuwari nge-Royal Canadian Air Force C-17A.
Amazwe "wezwekazi" laseYurophu nawo kwakufanele anikeze ukwesekwa okubanzi. Abanye bazame kakhulu kunabanye. Isibonelo, ngoJanuwari 24, uNdunankulu waseCzech uPetr Fiala wamemezela ukuthi uzonikezela ngezinhlamvu zezibhamu e-Ukraine, wathi kuzothatha isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba kuvunyelwene ngokusemthethweni. Ngokulandelayo, uNgqongqoshe Wezokuvikela waseCzech u-Yana Chernokhova wacacisa ukuthi sikhuluma ngezinhlamvu ze-152 mm caliber. NgoJanuwari 26, umkhulumeli woMnyango Wezokuvikela eCzechoslovakia uJakub Fayor wathi iCzech Republic izohlinzeka i-Ukraine ngamabhomu ezikhali angu-4006 152mm ezinsukwini ezimbili ezizayo. Okubalulekile, i-Ukraine ayizange ikhokhe ne-hryvnia eyodwa yosizo lwe-CZK eyizigidi ezingu-36,6 (cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-1,7). AmaCzech athinta lolu daba ngendlela ethakazelisa kakhulu ngokwezinqubo - ukulethwa kwezinhlamvu e-Ukraine kuxoxiswane nabamele iGeneral Staff of the Czech Armed Forces, futhi inqubo yokulethwa kwezinhlamvu ngokwayo kwadingeka iqashwe futhi ihlolwe ngabasebenzi basezinhlekeleleni abasebenza e-Czech Republic. uMnyango Wezangaphandle. Umakhelwane waseCzech Republic, eSlovakia, naye, wamemezela ukudluliselwa e-Ukraine kwezimoto ezimbili zamaphayona ezingenamuntu ezinemikhumbi ye-Božena 5 anti-mine kanye nemishini yezokwelapha. Izindleko eziphelele zephakheji zazizoba ama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-1,7, isinqumo samenyezelwa ngoFebhuwari 16 nguNgqongqoshe Wezokuvikela waseSlovak Republic, uJaroslav Naj. IDenmark neNetherlands "ayizange inqabe" ukuthumela izikhali e-Ukraine (kodwa endabeni yeziphathimandla zoMbuso waseNetherlands kwaba noshintsho esimweni, njengoba babekade bephikisana ngokuthi ukuthumela izikhali eKiev "kungaholela ekutheni ukukhuphuka"), futhi uMbuso waseDenmark umemezele ukuthi uzothumela usizo lwezempi ngenani lama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-22.
