Izindiza ezinophephela emhlane i-Kamow Ka-50 ne-Ka-52 ingxenye 1

Indiza enophephela emhlane yokulwa enesihlalo esisodwa i-Ka-50 esebenza nesikhungo sokuqeqesha ukulwa nokundiza kwezempi eTorzhek. Ekuphakameni kwayo, iRussian Air Force yasebenzisa amaKa-50 ayisithupha kuphela; ezinye zazisetshenziselwa ukuzilolonga.

I-Ka-52 iyindiza enophephela emhlane yokulwa yomklamo oyingqayizivele enama-rotor amabili angama-coaxial, izisebenzi ezimbili ezihlezi zihlangene ezihlalweni zokuphuma, ezinezikhali ezinamandla kakhulu nemishini yokuzivikela, kanye nomlando ophawuleka nakakhulu. Inguqulo yayo yokuqala, indiza enophephela emhlane ye-Ka-50 enesihlalo esisodwa, yaqala ukwenziwa eminyakeni engama-40 edlule, ngoJuni 17, 1982. Lapho indiza enophephela emhlane isilungele ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial, iRussia yangena enkingeni ejulile yezomnotho futhi imali yaphela. Eminyakeni engu-20 kuphela kamuva, ngo-2011, kwaqala ukudiliva emayunithi ezempi yenguqulo eguquliwe ngokujulile, enezihlalo ezimbili ze-Ka-52. Kusukela ngoFebhuwari 24 walo nyaka, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ze-Ka-52 bezibambe iqhaza odlameni lwaseRussia ngokumelene ne-Ukraine.

Engxenyeni yesibili yawo-60, iMpi YeVietnam yathola "indiza enophephela emhlane": inani lezindiza ezinophephela emhlane zaseMelika lapho lenyuka lisuka ku-400 ngo-1965 laya ku-4000 ngo-1970. E-USSR, lokhu kwabonwa futhi kwafundwa izifundo. Ngo-March 29, 1967, i-Mikhail Mil Design Bureau yathola umyalelo wokuthuthukisa umqondo wendiza enophephela emhlane. Umqondo wendiza enophephela emhlane yeSoviet ngaleso sikhathi wawuhlukile kunaseNtshonalanga: ngaphezu kwezikhali, kwakudingeka futhi ithwale iqembu lamasosha. Lo mbono wavela ngenxa yesasasa labaholi bezempi baseSoviet ngemuva kokwethulwa kwemoto yokulwa yezingane i-BMP-1966 enezici eziyingqayizivele eButhweni Lezempi laseSoviet ngonyaka wokuqala. I-BMP-1 yayiphethe amasosha ayisishiyagalombili, yayinezikhali futhi yayihlome ngenganono engu-1-mm 2A28 enengcindezi ephansi kanye nemicibisholo ye-anti-tank eqondiswa i-Malyutka. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwavula amathuba amasha obuhlakani kumabutho angaphansi. Kusukela lapha kwavela umqondo wokuqhubekela phambili futhi abaklami bezindiza ezinophephela emhlane bayala "imoto yokulwa yamasosha endizayo."

Kuphrojekthi yendiza enophephela emhlane ye-Ka-25F ka-Nikolai Kamov, kwasetshenziswa izinjini, amabhokisi egiya kanye nama-rotor asuka endizeni enophephela emhlane i-Ka-25. Uhlulwe emqhudelwaneni wendiza enophephela emhlane kaMikhail Mil iMi-24.

NguMikhail Mil kuphela owathunywa okokuqala, njengoba uNikolai Kamov "njalo" enza izindiza ezinophephela emhlane; wayesebenza kuphela ngemikhumbi futhi akazange acatshangelwe yizindiza zamasosha. Nokho, lapho u-Nikolai Kamov ezwa nge-oda lendiza enophephela emhlane yezempi, waphinde wahlongoza iphrojekthi yakhe.

Inkampani ye-Kamov ithuthukise umklamo we-Ka-25F (umugqa ongaphambili, ohlakaniphile), igcizelela izindleko zayo eziphansi ngokusebenzisa izakhi zendiza yayo yakamuva ye-Ka-25 yezindiza, eyakhiqizwa ngobuningi embonini yase-Ulan-Ude kusukela ngo-Ephreli 1965. Isici sokuklama se-Ka-25 sasiwukuthi iyunithi yamandla, igiya eliyinhloko kanye nama-rotors kwakuyi-module ezimele engase ikhishwe ku-fuselage. U-Kamow uhlongoze ukusebenzisa le moduli endizeni entsha yezempi futhi wengeze indikimba entsha kuyo. Egunjini labasebenza kuzo, umshayeli wendiza kanye nomdubuli babehlezi eduze; kwase kubanjelwa amabutho ayi-12. Enguqulweni yokulwa, esikhundleni samasosha, indiza enophephela emhlane yayingathola imicibisholo ye-anti-tank elawulwa imicibisholo yangaphandle. Ngaphansi kwe-fuselage ekufakweni kweselula kwakukhona isibhamu esingu-23-mm GSh-23. Ngenkathi isebenza ku-Ka-25F, iqembu lika-Kamov lalinga i-Ka-25, okwakhishwa kuyo i-radar nemishini yokulwa nomkhumbi-ngwenya kwafakwa neziqhumane zerokhethi eziningi ze-UB-16-57 S-5 57-mm. I-skid chassis ye-Ka-25F yayihlelwe abaklami njengehlala isikhathi eside kune-chassis enamasondo. Kamuva, lokhu kwabhekwa njengephutha, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kokuqala kunengqondo kuphela ngezindiza ezinophephela emhlane.

I-Ka-25F kwakufanele ibe indiza enophephela emhlane encane; ngokusho kwephrojekthi, yayinesisindo esingama-8000 kg kanye nezinjini ezimbili ze-GTD-3F zegesi enamandla angu-2 x 671 kW (900 hp) ekhiqizwa yi-Design Bureau ye-Valentin Glushenkov e-Omsk; esikhathini esizayo, babehlelelwe ukuthi banyuswe ku-932 kW (1250 hp). Kodwa-ke, njengoba iphrojekthi iqaliswa, izidingo zezempi zakhula futhi kwakungasenakwenzeka ukubanelisa ngaphakathi kohlaka lobukhulu nesisindo se-Ka-25. Ngokwesibonelo, amasosha ayefuna izikhali zephini labashayeli nabashayeli bezindiza, ezazingekho embhalweni wokuqala. Izinjini ze-GTD-3F azikwazanga ukubhekana nomthwalo onjalo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ithimba likaMikhail Mil alizange lizikhawulele ezixazululweni ezikhona futhi lathuthukisa indiza yakhe engu-Mi-24 (iphrojekthi 240) njengesixazululo esisha ngokuphelele ngezinjini ezimbili ezinamandla ze-TV2-117 ezinamandla angu-2 x 1119 kW (1500 hp) .

Ngakho, i-Ka-25F ilahlekelwe yi-Mi-24 emncintiswaneni wokuklama. Ngo-May 6, 1968, ngesinqumo esihlanganyelwe seKomidi Elikhulu le-CPSU kanye noMkhandlu WoNgqongqoshe base-USSR, indiza enophephela emhlane yokulwa yayalelwa ku-Mila Brigade. Njengoba "imoto yokulwa ezindizayo ezindizayo" yayihamba phambili, i-prototype "19" yahlolwa ngo-September 1969, 240, futhi ngoNovemba 1970 isitshalo e-Arsenyev sakhiqiza i-Mi-24 yokuqala. Indiza enophephela emhlane ngokuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene yakhiqizwa ngamakhophi angaphezu kuka-3700, futhi ngesimo se-Mi-35M isakhiqizwa isitshalo eRostov-on-Don.