Izimoto zeFormula 1 - konke odinga ukukwazi ngazo
Okuqukethwe
Izimoto zeFormula 1 ziwumfanekiso ongokoqobo wentuthuko yakamuva embonini yezimoto. Ukubuka imijaho kunikeza umthamo olungile wenjabulo ngokwakho, kodwa abalandeli beqiniso bayazi ukuthi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zenzeka ngaphandle kwethrekhi. Ukuqamba okusha, ukuhlola, umzabalazo wobunjiniyela ukwenza imoto isheshe ngisho no-1 km/h.
Konke lokhu kusho ukuthi umjaho uyingxenye encane yalokho okuyiFormula 1.
Nawe? Wake wazibuza ukuthi yakhiwa kanjani imoto yeFormula 1? Yiziphi izici zayo futhi kungani ifinyelela isivinini esingaka? Uma kunjalo, usufike endaweni efanele.
Uzofunda ngakho konke esihlokweni.
Imoto yeFormula 1 - izakhi eziyisisekelo zesakhiwo
I-Formula 1 yakhiwe ngezinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekile. Ake sicabangele ngayinye yazo ngokwehlukana.
I-Monocoque ne-chassis
Abaklami bemoto bafanelana nazo zonke izakhi engxenyeni yayo eyinhloko - i-chassis, isici esiyinhloko esibizwa ngokuthi i-monocoque. Uma imoto ye-Formula 1 inenhliziyo, ingaba lapha.
I-monocoque inesisindo esingaba ngu-35 kg futhi yenza omunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu - ukuvikela impilo nokuphila komshayeli. Ngakho-ke, abaklami benza yonke imizamo yokumelana ngisho nokushayisana okubucayi.
Futhi kule ndawo yemoto kukhona ithangi likaphethiloli nebhethri.
Nokho, i-monocoque isenhliziyweni yemoto ngesinye isizathu. Kulapho abaklami behlanganisa khona izinto eziyisisekelo zemoto, njenge:
- iyunithi yokushayela,
- ama-gearbox,
- izindawo zokugaya ezijwayelekile,
- ukumiswa phambili).
Manje ake siqhubekele emibuzweni eyinhloko: i-monocoque iqukethe ini? Isebenza kanjani?
Isisekelo siwuhlaka lwe-aluminium, i.e. inemeshi, isesimweni esihluke kancane kunekhekheba lezinyosi. Abaklami babe sebegcoba lolu hlaka okungenani ngezingqimba ezingu-60 ze-carbon fibre eguquguqukayo.
Lokhu kumane kuyisiqalo somsebenzi, ngoba-ke i-monocoque ihamba nge-lamination (izikhathi ezingu-600!), Ukudonsa umoya ku-vacuum (izikhathi ezingu-30) nokuphulukiswa kokugcina kuhhavini ekhethekile - i-autoclave (izikhathi ezingu-10).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaklami banaka kakhulu izindawo ezihlakazekile ze-lateral. Kulezi zindawo, imoto ye-Formula 1 isengozini yokushayisana nezingozi ezihlukahlukene, ngakho-ke idinga ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe. Isesezingeni le-monocoque futhi ifaka isendlalelo esengeziwe esingu-6mm se-carbon fibre nenayiloni.
Impahla yesibili ingatholakala nasezimbathweni zomzimba. Inezici zokumunca amandla e-kinetic, ngakho-ke iphinde ibe yinhle ku-Formula 1. Ibuye itholakale kwenye indawo emotweni (isibonelo, ku-headrest evikela ikhanda lomshayeli).
ideshibhodi
Njengoba nje i-monocoque iyinhloko yemoto yonke, i-cockpit iyisikhungo se-monocoque. Impela, lena futhi indawo lapho umshayeli eshayela khona imoto. Ngakho-ke, kunezinto ezintathu ku-cockpit:
- isihlalo,
- isiteringi,
- amaphedali.
Esinye isici esibalulekile salesi sici ukuqina. Phezulu, i-cab ingama-52 cm ububanzi - kwanele nje ukungena ngaphansi kwezingalo zomshayeli. Nokho, uma iphansi, incane. Ekuphakameni komlenze, i-cockpit ingu-32 cm ububanzi kuphela.
Kungani kunephrojekthi enjalo?
Ngezizathu ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu. Okokuqala nje, i-cab enyinyekile ihlinzeka umshayeli ngokuphepha okukhulu nokuvikeleka ekulayisheni ngokweqile. Okwesibili, kwenza imoto i-aerodynamic futhi isabalalise isisindo kangcono.
Ekugcineni, kufanele kwengezwe ukuthi imoto F1 cishe athambekele ukuqondisa. Umshayeli uhlezi endaweni eyehlelayo izinyawo ziphakeme kunezinqe.
Isiteringi
Uma ubona sengathi isiteringi seFormula 1 asehlukile kakhulu kunesiteringi semoto ejwayelekile, unephutha. Akukhona nje ngefomu, kodwa futhi mayelana nezinkinobho zomsebenzi nezinye izinto ezibalulekile.
Okokuqala, abaklami badala isondo lokuqondisa umshayeli ngamunye. Bathatha uhlaka lwezandla zakhe eziboshiwe, bese ngenxa yalesi sisekelo futhi becabangela iziphakamiso zomshayeli we-rally, balungiselela umkhiqizo wokugcina.
Ngokubukeka, isiteringi semoto sifana nenguqulo eyenziwe lula yedeshibhodi yendiza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inamabhathini namafindo amaningi asetshenziswa umshayeli ukulawula imisebenzi eyahlukene yemoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, engxenyeni yayo ephakathi kukhona isibonisi se-LED, futhi ezinhlangothini kukhona izibambo, okuyinto, yiqiniso, engeke ilahlekelwe.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ingemuva lesiteringi liyasebenza. Ama-clutch nama-paddle shifters avame ukubekwa lapha, kodwa abanye abashayeli baphinde basebenzise lesi sikhala ukuze bathole izinkinobho zomsebenzi ezengeziwe.
halo
Lokhu ukusungulwa okusha kuFomula 1 njengoba kwavela kuphela ngo-2018. Kwenzenjani? Uhlelo lweHalo lubhekele ukuvikela ikhanda lomshayeli engozini. Inesisindo esingaba ngu-7 kg futhi iqukethe izingxenye ezimbili:
- uhlaka lwe-titanium oluzungeza ikhanda lomgibeli;
- imininingwane eyengeziwe esekela isakhiwo sonke.
Yize incazelo ingemangazi, i-Halo empeleni ithembeke ngokwedlulele. Iyakwazi ukumelana nengcindezi efinyelela kumathani ayi-12. Ngomfanekiso, lesi yisisindo esifanayo sebhasi elilodwa nesigamu (kuye ngokuthi uhlobo).
Izimoto ze-Formula 1 - Izinto Zokushayela
Usuvele uyawazi amabhlogo wokwakha wemoto. Manje sekuyisikhathi sokuhlola isihloko sezingxenye zokusebenza, okuyilezi:
- imihlobiso elengayo,
- amathayi
- amabhuleki.
Ake sicabangele ngayinye yazo ngokwehlukana.
Ibhoksi lokumisa
Emotweni ye-Formula 1, izidingo zokumiswa zihluke kancane kunezezimoto ezisemigwaqweni evamile. Okokuqala nje, akuklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngokunethezeka kokushayela. Kunalokho, kufanele yenze:
- imoto yayibikezelwe
- umsebenzi wamasondo wawufanelekile,
- I-aerodynamics yayisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu (sizokhuluma nge-aerodynamics kamuva esihlokweni).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqina kuyisici esibalulekile sokumiswa kwe-F1. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngesikhathi sokunyakaza bavezwa amandla amakhulu okudingeka bawanqobe.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zezingxenye zokumiswa:
- yangaphakathi (kuhlanganise neziphethu, ama-absorbers, ama-stabilizers);
- yangaphandle (kufaka phakathi ama-ekseli, ama-bearings, izisekelo zamasondo);
- i-aerodynamic (izingalo ze-rocker kanye negiya lokuqondisa) - zihluke kancane kunezidlule, ngoba ngaphezu komsebenzi wemishini zidala ingcindezi.
Ngokuyisisekelo, izinto ezimbili ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza ukumiswa: insimbi yezingxenye zangaphakathi kanye ne-carbon fiber yezingxenye zangaphandle. Ngale ndlela, abaklami bandisa ukuqina kwayo yonke into.
Ukumiswa ku-F1 kuyisihloko esikhohlisayo impela, ngoba ngenxa yengozi enkulu yokuphuka, kufanele kuhlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile ze-FIA. Nokho, ngeke sigxile kuzo ngokuningiliziwe lapha.
Шины
Sifike kwenye yezinkinga ezilula kakhulu kumjaho we-Formula 1 - amathayi. Lesi yisihloko esibanzi, noma ngabe sigxile kuphela ezindabeni ezibaluleke kakhulu.
Thatha, isibonelo, isizini ka-2020. Abahleli babe nezinhlobo ezi-5 zamathayi omile kanye nezi-2 zamathrekhi amanzi. Uyini umehluko? Hhayi-ke, amathayi ethrekhi eyomile awanakunyathela (elinye igama lawo ngama-slicks). Kuye ngengxube, umkhiqizi uwabhala ngezimpawu ezisuka ku-C1 (okunzima kakhulu) ukuya ku-C5 (ezithambile kakhulu).
Kamuva, umphakeli osemthethweni wamasondo u-Pirelli uzokhetha izinhlobo ezi-5 echibini elitholakalayo lama-compounds angu-3, azotholakala emaqenjini phakathi nomjaho. Imaka ngemibala elandelayo:
- red (soft),
- okuphuzi (okumaphakathi),
- mhlophe (kanzima).
Kuyaziwa nge-physics ukuthi uma ingxube ithambile, inamathela kangcono. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma ujika amakhona njengoba kuvumela umshayeli ukuthi ahambe ngokushesha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inzuzo yesondo eliqinile wukuqina, okusho ukuthi imoto akumele yehlele ebhokisini ngokushesha.
Uma kukhulunywa ngamathayi amanzi, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zamathayi atholakalayo ziyehluka ngokuyinhloko kumthamo wazo wokudonsa amanzi. Anemibala:
- eluhlaza (ngemvula encane) - ukusetshenziswa kufika ku-30 l / s ku-300 km / h;
- blue (emvula enkulu) - ukusetshenziswa kufika ku-65 l/s ku-300 km/h.
Kukhona nezidingo ezithile zokusebenzisa amathayi. Uma, isibonelo, umshayeli edlulela emzuliswaneni wesithathu wokuhlungela (Q3), kufanele aqale emathayini ngesikhathi esingcono kakhulu emzuliswaneni odlule (Q2). Enye imfuneko ukuthi iqembu ngalinye kufanele lisebenzise okungenani ama-compounds amathayi ama-2 emjahweni ngamunye.
Kodwa-ke, lezi zimo zisebenza kuphela kumasondo omile. Azisebenzi uma lina.
Amabhuleki
Ngesivinini esikhulu, amasistimu okubhuleka anenani elifanele lamandla nawo ayadingeka. Ingakanani? Kangangokuthi ukucindezela i-pedal yebhuleki kubangela ukugcwala okufika ku-5G.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimoto zisebenzisa i-carbon brake discs, okungomunye umehluko ezimotweni zendabuko. Ama-discs enziwe ngale nto aqinile kakhulu (anele cishe amakhilomitha angama-800), kodwa futhi alula (isisindo esingaba ngu-1,2 kg).
Isici sabo esengeziwe, kodwa esingabalulekile kangako yizimbobo zokungenisa umoya eziyi-1400, ezidingekayo ngoba zisusa amazinga okushisa abucayi. Uma ibhuleki ngamasondo, ingafinyelela ku-1000 ° C.
I-Formula 1 - injini nezici zayo
Sekuyisikhathi sento amahlosi ayithanda kakhulu, injini yeFormula 1. Ake sibone ukuthi ihlanganisani nokuthi isebenza kanjani.
Nokho, iminyaka eminingana manje, izimoto amandla 6-litre V1,6 hybrid turbocharged izinjini. Aqukethe izingxenye ezimbalwa eziyinhloko:
- injini yomlilo yangaphakathi,
- amamotho amabili kagesi (MGU-K kanye ne-MGU-X),
- ama-turbocharger,
- ibhethri.
IFomula 1 inamahhashi amangaki?
Ukususwa kwenjini kuncane, kodwa ungakhohliswa yilokho. Idrayivu ifinyelela amandla angaba ngu-1000 hp. Injini yomlilo ene-turbocharged ikhiqiza i-700 hp, ne-300 hp eyengeziwe. ekhiqizwa amasistimu kagesi amabili.
Konke lokhu kutholakala ngemuva kwe-monocoque futhi, ngaphezu kwendima ecacile yokushayela, futhi kuyingxenye eyakhayo. Ngendlela omakhenikha abafaka ngayo i-suspension yangemuva, amasondo no-gearbox enjinini.
Into yokugcina ebalulekile iyunithi yamandla engakwazi ukuyenza ngaphandle kwama-radiator. Bathathu emotweni: ezimbili ezinkulu emaceleni nenye encane ngokushesha ngemuva komshayeli.
Ukuvutha
Nakuba usayizi wenjini ye-Formula 1 ungabonakali, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kungenye indaba ngokuphelele. Izimoto zishisa cishe u-40 l/100 km kulezi zinsuku. Kubantu abavamile, lesi sibalo sibonakala sikhulu, kodwa uma siqhathaniswa nemiphumela yomlando, sinesizotha. Izimoto zokuqala ze-Formula 1 zadla ngisho no-190 l / 100 km!
Ukuncipha kwalo mphumela oyihlazo ngokwengxenye kungenxa yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, futhi ngokwengxenye ngenxa yemikhawulo.
Imithetho ye-FIA ithi imoto ye-F1 ingadla amalitha kaphethiloli afinyelela ku-145 emjahweni owodwa. Enye ilukuluku yiqiniso lokuthi kusukela ngo-2020, imoto ngayinye izoba namamitha amabili okugeleza aqapha inani likaphethiloli.
IFerrari inikele ngokwengxenye. Kubikwa ukuthi iFormula 1 yeqembu ibisebenzisa izindawo ezimpunga ngakho yeqa imingcele.
Ekugcineni, sizokhuluma ngethangi likaphethiloli, ngoba lihlukile kwejwayelekile. Yiphi? Okokuqala, indaba. Umkhiqizi wenza ithangi kube sengathi wenzela imboni yezempi. Lesi esinye isici sokuphepha njengoba ukuvuza kugcinwa kuncane.
Ukudluliswa
Isihloko sokushayela sihlobene kakhulu no-gearbox. Ubuchwepheshe bayo bashintsha ngesikhathi i-F1 iqala ukusebenzisa izinjini eziyi-hybrid.
Yini ejwayelekile kuye?
Lena i-8-speed, i-semi-automatic futhi ilandelana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inezinga eliphezulu lentuthuko emhlabeni. Umshayeli ushintsha amagiya ngama-millisecond! Ukuze uqhathanise, ukusebenza okufanayo kuthatha okungenani imizuzwana embalwa kubanikazi bezimoto abavamile abashesha kakhulu.
Uma ukhuluma ngale ndaba, mhlawumbe uke wezwa isisho sokuthi azikho igiya elibuyela emuva ezimotweni. Iqiniso?
Hhayi.
Idrayivu ngayinye ye-F1 inegiya elihlehlayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona kwakhe kuyadingeka ngokuhambisana nemithetho ye-FIA.
Ifomula 1 - g-forces kanye ne-aerodynamics
Sesikushilo kakade ukugcwala kwamabhuleki, kodwa sizobuyela kuwo njengoba isihloko se-aerodynamics sithuthuka.
Umbuzo oyinhloko, kusukela ekuqaleni uzokhanyisa isimo kancane, yisimiso sokuhlanganisa imoto. Nokho, sonke isakhiwo sisebenza njengophiko lwendiza ehlanekezelwe. Ngomqondo wokuthi esikhundleni sokuphakamisa imoto, zonke izakhiwo zokwakha zidala ukwehla kwamandla emali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bona, yiqiniso, banciphisa ukumelana komoya ngesikhathi sokunyakaza.
I-Downforce iyipharamitha ebaluleke kakhulu emjahweni ngoba inikeza lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-aerodynamic traction, okwenza amakhona abe lula. Uma inkulu, umshayeli uzodlula ngesivinini.
Futhi inyuka nini i-aerodynamic thrust? Lapho ijubane likhuphuka.
Ngokwenza njalo, uma ushayela ngegesi, kuzoba lula kuwe ukuzungeza ekhoneni kunokuba ubuqaphile futhi udonsa. Kubonakala kungenangqondo, kodwa ezimweni eziningi kunjalo. Ngesivinini esiphezulu, i-downforce ifinyelela amathani angu-2,5, okunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokushwibeka nezinye izimanga lapho kufakwa amakhona.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-aerodynamics yemoto ine-downside - izakhi ngazinye zidala ukumelana, okunciphisa ijubane (ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni eziqondile zethrekhi).
Izici ezibalulekile zedizayini ye-aerodynamic
Nakuba abaklami besebenza kanzima ukugcina yonke imoto ye-F1 ihambisana ne-aerodynamics eyisisekelo, ezinye izici zedizayini zikhona ukuze zenze ukwehla kwamandla emali. Imayelana:
- iphiko langaphambili - ngowokuqala ukuxhumana nokugeleza komoya, ngakho-ke into ebaluleke kakhulu. Umqondo wonke uqala ngaye, ngoba uhlela futhi usabalalise konke ukumelana phakathi kwawo wonke umshini;
- izakhi eziseceleni - zenza umsebenzi onzima kakhulu, ngoba ziqoqa futhi zihlele umoya onesiphithiphithi kusuka kumasondo angaphambili. Bese bewathumela ezindaweni zokupholisa kanye nangemuva emotweni;
- Uphiko Lwasemuva - Iqoqa amajethi omoya kusuka ezintweni zangaphambili futhi iwasebenzise ukudala ukwehla kwamandla e-axle yangemuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho (sibonga uhlelo lwe-DRS) kunciphisa ukudonsa ezigabeni eziqondile;
- phansi kanye ne-diffuser - yakhelwe ngendlela yokwenza ingcindezi ngosizo lomoya ogeleza ngaphansi kwemoto.
Ukuthuthukiswa komcabango wezobuchwepheshe kanye nokugcwala ngokweqile
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-aerodynamics okuthuthukisiwe akukhulisi ukusebenza kwemoto kuphela, kodwa futhi nokucindezeleka komshayeli. Awudingi ukuba uchwepheshe wefiziksi ukuze wazi ukuthi lapho imoto iphenduka ekhoneni ngesivinini, kuba namandla amakhulu asebenza kuyo.
Kuyafana nomuntu ohlezi emotweni.
Kumathrekhi anamajika aphakeme kakhulu, ama-G-forces afinyelela ku-6G. Kuningi? Cabanga uma othile ecindezela ekhanda lakho ngamandla angama-50 kg, futhi imisipha yentamo yakho kufanele ibhekane nakho. Yilokhu abagijimi ababhekene nakho.
Njengoba ubona, ukulayishwa ngokweqile akunakuthathwa kalula.
Izinguquko ziyeza?
Ziningi izimpawu ezikhombisa ukuthi eminyakeni ezayo kuzoba noguquko ku-car aerodynamics. Kusukela ngo-2022, ubuchwepheshe obusha buzovela kumathrekhi we-F1 kusetshenziswa umthelela wokumunca esikhundleni sokucindezela. Uma lokho kusebenza, idizayini ye-aerodynamic ethuthukisiwe ayisadingeki futhi ukubukeka kwezimoto kuzoshintsha kakhulu.
Kodwa ingabe kuyoba njalo ngempela? Isikhathi sizosho.
I-Formula 1 inesisindo esingakanani?
Usuzazi zonke izingxenye zemoto ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi cishe ufuna ukwazi ukuthi zinesisindo esingakanani ndawonye. Ngokwemithethonqubo yakamuva, isisindo esincane esivunyelwe semoto singama-752 kg (kuhlanganisa nomshayeli).
Ifomula 1 - idatha yobuchwepheshe, i.e. isifinyezo
Iyiphi indlela engcono yokufingqa indatshana yemoto engu-F1 kunokukhethwa kwedatha yobuchwepheshe ebaluleke kakhulu? Ekugcineni, bakwenza kucace ukuthi umshini uyakwazi ukwenzani.
Nakhu konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nemoto ye-F1:
- injini - turbocharged V6 hybrid;
- umthamo - 1,6 l;
- amandla enjini - approx. 1000 hp;
- ukusheshisa ku-100 km / h - mayelana ne-1,7 s;
- isivinini esiphezulu - kuya ngokuthi.
Kungani “kuya ngezimo”?
Ngoba esimweni sepharamitha yokugcina, sinemiphumela emibili, eyatholwa yiFomula 1. Isivinini esiphezulu sokuqala sasiyi-378 km / h. Leli rekhodi lahlelwa ngo-2016 ngomugqa oqondile nguValtteri Bottas.
Nokho kuphinde kwaba nolunye uvivinyo lapho imoto ebishayelwa u-van der Merwe yephule umgoqo wejubane lika-400 km/h. Ngeshwa leli rekhodi alizange libonwe ngoba alitholakalanga ngokushisa okubili (umoya ovunguzayo kanye nomoya).
Sifingqa lesi sihloko ngezindleko zemoto, ngoba lokhu futhi kuyilukuluku elithakazelisayo. Isimangaliso semboni yezimoto yesimanje (ngokwengxenye ngayinye) ibiza ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-13 zamaRandi. Khumbula, nokho, ukuthi lena inani lentengo ngaphandle kwezindleko zokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe, futhi ukusungulwa kubaluleke kakhulu.
Inani elisetshenziswe ocwaningweni lifinyelela ezigidini eziningi zamaRandi.
Zizwa ngezimoto zeFormula 1 uwedwa
Uyafuna ukuzwa ukuthi kunjani ukuhlala esondweni lemoto futhi uzwe amandla ayo? Manje ungakwenza!
Bheka ukunikezwa kwethu okuzokuvumela ukuthi ube ngumshayeli we-F1:
https://go-racing.pl/jazda/361-zostan-kierowca-formuly-f1-szwecja.html
