Amafutha omshini. Indlela yokukhetha okulungile?
Injini yazo zonke izimoto kufanele igcotshwe. Kodwa-ke, imiklamo yamayunithi okushayela ihlukahluka kakhulu, okuphoqa ukuthuthukiswa kwamafutha ekhwalithi ehlukene kanye namakilasi e-viscosity. Lokhu kufanelekile ukukhumbula lapho uthenga amafutha emoto.
Okukhulu kunakho konke okumaka ephaketheni nge amafuthaem iqukethe izinombolo kanye nohlamvu W. Leli yibanga le-SAE viscosity elihlukanisayo amafuthae ebusika (amakilasi 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W, 25W) nasehlobo (20, 30, 40, 50, 60). Okwamanje ikhiqizwa amafuthaisimo sezulu sonke, i-viscous amafuthaisimo sezulu sasebusika kanye nezindawo zokushisa eziphezulu amafuthaihlobo kunjalo. Uphawu lwabo luqukethe izinombolo ezimbili ezihlukaniswe ngohlamvu W, isibonelo 5W-40. Isiphetho esisebenzayo singathathwa ekuhlukaniseni nasekuphawuleni: inombolo encane ngaphambi kohlamvu W, inombolo encane. amafutha ingasetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Uma isibalo sesibili siphezulu, izinga lokushisa le-ambient liphezulu lapho lingalahlekelwa khona izakhiwo zalo. Mayelana amafuthainani elijwayelekile lale mineral ngu-15 W, okuyingxenye yeqembu elibizayo amafuthangezinto zokwenziwa, igama elithi 0W livame ukusetshenziswa. Yebo, lokhu akusho lokho amafutha ayinakho ukunamathela, okuphambene nje. ukunamathela kancane emakhazeni amafuthalapho ukuqala kulula, ukuguga kuyancipha
Bheka futhi: Ungakhetha kanjani uwoyela wemoto?
Abaqambi, abaklama izinqubo zemoto ngesistimu yabo yokugcoba, benza yonke imizamo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye ezisebenzisanayo azithintani nhlobo. Iqiniso liwukuthi phakathi kwabo kunoma yisiphi isimo kufanele kube nongqimba oluncane. amafuthauyimuvi amafuthaokusha. Nakuba ungqimba amafuthaunobukhulu obuncane be-microscopic, nguye owenza izinjini namagiya aqine afinyelele kumakhulu ezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha, noma izinkulungwane eziningi zamahora okusebenza. Futhi, izindlela ngaphandle kokugcoba (isibonelo, injini ngaphandle amafuthau) zibhujiswa phakathi kwemizuzwana embalwa. Umshini ubhekana nomthwalo omkhulu kakhulu lapho kushisa kakhulu. Abaqambi bakhetha imingcele yedivayisi kanye ne-lubricant ukuze i-lubricant ibe yekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza okunzima kakhulu.
Ukushisa okusebenzayo
Ngeshwa amafuthaAbakhethiwe ukuthi basebenze emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, banamathele kakhulu lapho beqala imoto, futhi ebusika lesi simo sibucayi nakakhulu. Umehluko ongaphezudlwana kuka-100 degrees C mkhulu kakhulu kumafutha esimanje. Emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwe-zero, imizuzwana yokuqala eyishumi ngemva kokuqala, izinjini zisebenza cishe ngaphandle kokugcotshwa, futhi emaminithini okuqala (kuze kube yilapho zifudumala) zingaphansi kokugqoka okukhulu kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuma-gearbox "abandayo" kunzima ukushintsha igiya, okungenzeka kungaholeli ekuqhekekeni, kodwa kunzima kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunyakaza kwezinqubo ezipholile kudinga amandla amaningi, okwandisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngokungadingekile.
Ezimweni zethu zezulu, njengoba eliphezulu kakhulu amafuthaImikhiqizo yekilasi le-10W-40 inenjini. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi kufanele zithelwe kuyo yonke injini. Yale njini amafutha ngokuvamile ekhethwa umenzi wemoto, okubonisa i-viscosity enconyiwe namakilasi ekhwalithi encwadini yeziqondiso. Ukuthandwa kwezinhlelo zokumisa ukuqalisa kanye nokulwa nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kuholele ekutheni abakhiqizi abaningi bancome amafuthae-class 5W-30, asatshalaliswa ngokushesha kuyo yonke injini futhi anokumelana ne-hydraulic encane. Kwamanye amamodeli, njenge-Toyota hybrids, kuyanconywa amafuthai-e class 0W-20, ekwazi ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikeleka kweyunithi yamandla ecinywa njalo. amafutha ikilasi elihluke ngokuphelele kufanele liye injini enamandla yemoto yezemidlalo esetshenziselwa ukushayela ithrekhi. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu, ama-lubricant ebanga afana ne-15W-50 asebenza kahle, enza ifilimu ekwazi ukumelana nezinyembezi ngisho namazinga okushisa aphezulu. amafuthaokusha.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwemikhiqizo kungenzeka uma sisebenzisa izigaba ezifanele. amafuthaNgisho ne-viscosity efanayo ingahluka kakhulu ngekhwalithi futhi ngenxa yalokho ifanele ukugcoba izinjini ezihluke ngokuphelele. Ikhwalithi inqunywa ukuhlukaniswa kwe-API yaseMelika noma ukuhlukaniswa kwe-European ACEA. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-API ngu-S kaphethiloli kanye no-C ngodizili. Amakilasi ekhwalithi amafuthalapha ziphawulwe ngezinhlamvu ezilandelanayo. amafuthae-e yezinjini zikaphethiloli zimakwe ukusuka e-SA, nge-SB, SC, SD, SE, SF, SG, SH, SJ, SL, kuya ku-SM ne-SN yakamuva, kanye nezinjini zikadizili: CA, CB, CC, CD, CE, CF-4 , CG-4, CH-4, CI-4, CD II, CF-4 kanye ne-CJ-4.
