izitebele zemoto uma ibhreka

Ngenkinga lapho izitebele zemoto uma ibhreka kokubili umshayeli we-carburetor kanye nemoto yomjovo kungashayisana. Ukuwohloka okunjalo, ngaphezu kokuphazamiseka, nakho kungaholela esimweni esiphuthumayo. Phela, imoto ayikwazi ukumisa hhayi kuphela ngesikhathi sokubhuleka esindayo, kodwa futhi ekujikeni noma phambi kwesithiyo. Ngokuvamile, abashayeli bezimoto ezine-carburetor ababhekana nenkinga enjalo. Kodwa-ke, izimoto zesimanje zomjovo azivikelekile enkingeni enjalo. Izizathu zokuthi kungani injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ingase ime lapho ucindezela i-pedal yebhuleki kungase kube khona okuningana - ukuwohloka ekusebenzeni kwe-vacuum brake booster, ukucindezeleka kwe-hose yayo, izinkinga ngepompo likaphethiloli noma inzwa yesivinini engenzi lutho (yomjovo). Kulesi sihloko sizokunikeza ulwazi oludingekayo, okuzokusiza ukuthi uzilungise ngokwakho. Kodwa ungakwazi ukuveza imbangela yangempela yokuwohloka kuphela ngemva kokwenza ukuhlolwa kanye nokuxilongwa okuningiliziwe kwemoto.

Ngokuvamile, ukuwohloka okunjalo kubonisa ukuwohloka kwesistimu yamabhuleki, ngakho-ke asikukhuthazi ukusebenzisa imoto yakho kuze kube yisikhathi lapho isilungisiwe. Lokhu kuzokuvikela ekudaleni izingozi emigwaqeni.

Izizathu eziyinhloko

Uma injini yomlilo yangaphakathi yemoto yakho izitebele lapho ubhuleka, khona-ke empeleni kungaba nezizathu eziningi zalokhu. Nokho, eziyinhloko yilezi:

• ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwe-vacuum brake booster;
• ukucindezeleka kwepayipi le-VUT;
• izinkinga ekusebenzeni kwepompo likaphethiloli;
• ukungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa yesivinini engenzi lutho (yezinjini zokujova);
• ukusebenza okungalungile kweyunithi yokulawula i-elekthronikhi yemoto (uma ifakiwe).

kukhona nezinye izizathu eziningi, ezingajwayelekile, esizoxoxa ngazo ngezansi. Ngakho ake siqale ngokulandelana.

Ukucindezelwa kwe-VUT noma ipayipi layo

I-vacuum brake booster (efushanisiwe ngokuthi VUT) isiza ukunciphisa umzamo owenziwa umshayeli ngokucindezela i-brake pedal. Itholakala phakathi kwe-master brake cylinder kanye ne-pedal eshiwoyo. Umsebenzi wakhe uxhunywe nenqwaba yokungenisa, lapho exhunywe khona ngepayipi le-vacuum. Sizobuyekeza umsebenzi wakhe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Umklamo we-VUT, ngaphezu kwezinye izakhi, uhlanganisa nolwelwesi. Uma ilimele noma ingasebenzi ngendlela, lokhu kungaba ngesinye sezizathu ezenza ime uma ibhreka.

okungukuthi, uma ucindezela kakhulu i-pedal ye-brake, ulwelwesi olunephutha alunaso isikhathi sokwenza i-vacuum, yingakho ingxenye yomoya ohlelweni lwamabhuleki. kungena ingxube yamafutha. Lesi yisona sizathu esenza injini ime uma ibhreka.

Ukuwohloka okunjalo kungabonakala kalula ngokwakho. I-algorithm elandelayo yezenzo kufanele ilandelwe:

• cisha injini yomlilo yangaphakathi yemoto (uma ike yasebenza ngaphambili);
• izikhathi eziningana (4 ... 5) cindezela futhi ukhulule i-pedal ye-brake (ekuqaleni i-pedal stroke izoba "thambile", bese i-stroke izoba "nzima");
• gcina i-pedal endaweni ephansi ngonyawo lwakho;
• qala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi;
• uma ngesikhathi sokuqalisa injini yomlilo yangaphakathi i-pedal "yehlulekile", khona-ke yonke into ihlelekile "ngethangi le-vacuum" kanye nohlelo lonke, uma lihlala likhona, udinga ukubheka izinkinga.

Ukuhlola umsebenzi we-VUT

futhi indlela eyodwa:

• ngemva kokuba injini evuthayo yangaphakathi isisebenze isikhathi esithile, cindezela i-pedal yebhuleki;
• ukuminyanisa injini yomlilo yangaphakathi;
• gcina i-pedal icindezelekile cishe imizuzwana engama-30;
• uma ngalesi sikhathi i-pedal ingazami ukuphakama futhi ingamelani nonyawo, khona-ke konke kuhlelekile nge-VUT kanye nohlelo lonke.

ngokuvamile, i-vacuum booster ayilungiswa, kodwa ukushintsha ngokuphelele, ezimweni ezingavamile kuphela ukulungiswa kungenzeka, kodwa akuwona wonke amakhosi azokwenza. Futhi hhayi kunoma iyiphi imoto ukulungiswa okunjalo kufanelekile. Ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwe-VUT, sisancoma ukuthi uyishintshe.

futhi isizathu esisodwa esenza imoto izitebele lapho braking kungenzeka i-hose depressurization, exhuma i-vacuum brake booster kanye nenqwaba yokuthatha. Lesi sakamuva siqinisekisa ukwakheka okulungile kwengxube yamafutha omoya, efakwa ngokuqhubekayo enjinini yangaphakathi evuthayo. Uma ipayipi liqala ukuvumela umoya womkhathi ukuba udlule, ingxube iba ncane kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ilahlekelwa isivinini ngisho nezitebele uma ibhuleki licindezelwa kakhulu.

Ungahlola ubuqotho be-hose ngokwakho usebenzisa ukuhlola okubukwayo. ungakwazi futhi ukuyinqamula ku-vacuum booster. bese uqala injini bese ubophela imbobo yepayipi elikhishiwe ngomunwe wakho. Uma iqinile, khona-ke injini yomlilo yangaphakathi izokwandisa ngokuzenzakalelayo isivinini, futhi ngemva kokukhipha umunwe, izobehlisa futhi. Uma kwenzeka i-hose idlula umoya womkhathi, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi izosebenza ngesivinini esiqhubekayo phakathi nemisebenzi engenhla.

Hlola i-VUT

Ekupheleni kwepayipi elixhuma ku-amplifier, i-vacuum valve ifakiwe. Enqubweni yokuhlola i-hose, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukusebenza kwayo, ukuze ingavumeli umoya ungene. Uma kungenjalo, imiphumela izofana naleyo echazwe ngenhla. Okusho ukuthi, wonke umsebenzi wehlela ekutholeni ukuvuza komoya kanye nezimbangela zokucindezeleka kwesistimu.

futhi enye indlela yokuhlonza ukuwohloka kwe-VUT “ukulalela” ukuvuza komoya okungenzeka. Ingaphuma ibheke endaweni yabagibeli, ukusuka esiqwini sebhuleki noma iqonde endaweni yenjini. Esimweni sokuqala, inqubo ingenziwa ngokuzimela, okwesibili - ngosizo lomsizi. Umuntu oyedwa ucindezela i-pedal, owesibili ulalela ukuhayiza okuvela ku-VUT noma ipayipi layo. Indlela elula yokubona ukuwohloka kwesicoci se-vacuum yimizwa ethintekayo. Uma ivumela umoya, khona-ke i-pedal ye-brake izosebenza kanzima, futhi ukuze uyicindezele, udinga ukwenza umzamo omkhulu.

Kungalesi sizathu-ke AKUNQUNYELWE ukusebenzisa umshini one-brake booster engasebenzi kahle.

Isizathu yiphampu yamafutha nesihlungi sikaphethiloli

futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuba nenkinga uma imoto isima uma ibhreka kugesi. Esinye sezizathu okungenzeka kube ukungasebenzi kahle. iphampu yamafutha noma isihlungi sikaphethiloli esivalekile. Kulokhu, inkinga ingathinta izimoto ezinakho kokubili i-carburetor kanye nama-ICE womjovo.

Ungahlola isimo sesihlungi ngokwakho. Nokho, kuphela uma unemoto carbureted. Imodeli yemoto ngayinye inendawo ehlukile yesihlungi, kodwa ngokuvamile itholakala endaweni yethangi legesi. Ukuze uthole ukuxilonga, udinga ukuyithola futhi uhlole ukuthi ingcolile yini. Noma uma sekuyisikhathi sokushintshwa (ngemayela) - kungcono ngaso leso sikhathi shintsha. Ngemishini yokujova, isihlungi kufanele sishintshwe njalo, ngoba ukuxilongwa kwayo okubonakalayo akunakwenzeka.

Ezimotweni zomjovo, ngesikhathi sokubhuleka, i-ECU inikeza umyalo wokunganikezi uphethiloli ohlelweni. Kodwa-ke, lapho uqala kabusha umsebenzi, uma iphampu yamafutha inephutha, izinkinga zingase ziphakame ngokunikezwa. Uma isihlungi sikaphethiloli sivalekile, khona-ke ipompo likaphethiloli alinawo amandla anele okunikeza inani elidingekayo lamafutha enjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, okubangela ukulahleka kokudonsa. Ukuxilonga ukwephulwa kwephampu yamafutha enjini yomjovo kungenziwa ngokubheka ingcindezi kulayini kaphethiloli ngegeji yokucindezela. Ungathola izilinganiso zokucindezela kubhukwana lemoto yakho.

Uma unayo Injini evuthayo ye-carburetor yangaphakathi, bese uhlola, landela i-algorithm engezansi:

• Nqamula ipayipi lokukhipha uphethiloli empompini (susa izinsimbi).
• Zama ukuqalisa iphampu usebenzisa i-lever ye-pump priming lever.
• Uma isesimweni esihle, khona-ke uphethiloli kufanele uphume emgodini (qaphela lapho uhlola, ukuze ungazingcolisi futhi ungagcwalisi igumbi lenjini ngophethiloli). Uma kungenjalo, iphampu kufanele ihlakazwe ukuze kuxilongwe okwengeziwe.
• ngokulandelayo udinga ukuhlola ingcindezi yokumunca endaweni yokungena yephampu yamafutha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, nqamula ipayipi lokumunca, bese usebenzisa i-lever eshiwo ukuze uqale iphampu, ngemva kokuvala i-inlet ngomunwe wakho. Ngepompo elisebenzayo, i-vacuum izokwakhiwa endaweni yokungena kwayo, ozoyizwa ngokuqinisekile. Uma ingekho, iphampu inephutha, kufanele isuswe futhi ixilongwe ngokungeziwe.

Kuye ngezinga lomonakalo, ungakwazi ukulungisa iphampu yamafutha. Uma ingeke ilungiswe, kufanele uthenge futhi ufake entsha.

Uma inzwa yesivinini engenzi lutho inephutha

Inzwa yesivinini engenzi lutho iklanyelwe ukudlulisa injini evuthayo yangaphakathi kumodi yokungenzi lutho, kanye nokugcina isivinini sayo esingaguquki. Uma kwenzeka yehluleka, injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ilahlekelwa ijubane layo futhi imane izibeke. Ukuxilonga ukuhlukana kwayo kulula kakhulu. Lokhu kungaqondwa kusuka Isivinini senjini "entantayo" singenzi lutho. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi uma ucindezela kakhulu futhi ukhulula i-accelerator pedal.

Ukuze uhlole idivayisi, uzodinga i-multimeter ekala i-voltage ye-DC. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuhlola isifunda sayo sokulawula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, nqamula futhi ukhiphe inzwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, sixhuma omunye othintana naye we-voltmeter emhlabathini (umzimba) wemoto, kanti owesibili kumatheminali okuhlinzeka ku-block (kumoto ngayinye, lezi ziteshi zingahluka, ngakho-ke kufanele uqale ufunde umjikelezo kagesi we imoto). Ngokwesibonelo, at imoto VAZ 2114 udinga ukuxhuma umhloli kumatheminali A no-D kubhulokhi. bese uvula i-ignition futhi ubone ukuthi umhloli ubonisa ini. I-voltage kufanele ibe ngu-12 V. Uma ingekho i-voltage, isifunda sokulawula inzwa esivela kukhompyutha cishe siphukile. Kungase futhi kube iphutha le-ECU. Uma isifunda sihlelekile, qhubeka uhlole inzwa ngokwayo.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, usebenzisa umhloli, udinga ukuhlola ukumelana kwama-windings angaphakathi wenzwa. Futhi, kuye ngomklamo, udinga ukuxhuma koxhumana nabo abahlukene. Ngokufanayo VAZ 2114 udinga ukuhlola ukumelana phakathi kwamatheminali A no-B, C no-D. Inani layo kufanele libe ngu-53 ohms. Ngemva kwalokho, hlola ukumelana phakathi kuka-A no-C, B no-D. Lapha ukumelana kufanele kube okungapheli. Ngeshwa, inzwa ayikwazi ukulungiswa, idinga ukushintshwa kuphela.

I-Schema RHH VAZ 2114

Izitebele lapho ubhuleka kugesi

Uma imoto yakho ifake i-HBO ngaphandle kweyunithi yayo yokulawula kagesi (okungukuthi, isizukulwane sesibili), khona-ke imbangela engenzeka ekusebenzeni kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi ingaba u-gearbox ongashunwe kahle. Isibonelo, lesi simo singase senzeke ngesivinini esikhulu lapho ucindezela i-pedal yebhuleki futhi ukhulula i-gas pedal. Kulesi simo, i-throttle ivaliwe, futhi ukugeleza komoya ozayo kuncike kumxube. Ngenxa yalokho, umshini wokuvala wegesi onciphisa igesi unikeza umthamo omncane wegesi ngokungenzi lutho, futhi ukugeleza komoya okuzayo nakho kuwuqeda kakhulu. Ungakwazi ukulungisa inkinga ngokulungisa kabusha i-gearbox ukuze ingasebenzi, ukuze uhlelo lunikeze igesi eningi.

Akufanele wonge kugesi uma usebenzisa i-HBO ngaphandle kwezinto zikagesi. Lokhu kugcwele ukushisa kwama-valve nokushisa kwekhanda ngenxa yokuthi kuyoba ne-oksijeni eningi kule ngxube, okunomthelela ekwandeni okubukhali kwezinga lokushisa.

futhi esinye isizathu esingenzeka sesimo esichazwe ngenhla ezimotweni ezine-LPG isihlungi esivalekile ku-valve ye-solenoid (nokho, ayitholakali kukho konke ukufakwa). Ukuze ulungise inkinga, udinga ukuyihlanza noma ukuyishintsha. Uma kukhona ukulungiswa kwesimo "sehlobo" kanye "nobusika", isihlungi kufanele simiswe ngokuya ngesizini. Uma kungenjalo, ukugeleza komoya okuzayo nakho kungancika ingxube.

Ezinye izizathu

futhi esinye isizathu okungenzeka ukuthi kungani imoto nezitebele zamahhashi lapho braking kungaba i-throttle valve ivaliwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli wezinga eliphansi, ovame kakhulu eziteshini zikaphethiloli ezifuywayo. Ngenxa yokungcola kwayo, i-damper ayikwazi ngokuvamile ukubamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwengxube efanele ye-air-fuel, ngenxa yalokho kuvela ukuthi icebile kakhulu. Kulokhu, kunconywa ukususa umhlangano we-throttle futhi uwuhlanze nge-spray yokuhlanza i-carburetor.

Kuma-ICE omjovo, izizathu zokumisa i-ICE ngesikhathi sokubhuleka zingaba imibhobho “eshile”. Ngesikhathi se-braking esindayo, abanaso isikhathi sokuvala ngokuphelele, yingakho amakhandlela egcwala uphethiloli kanye nezitebele zenjini yangaphakathi. Kulokhu, udinga ukuhlanza i-injector. Lokhu kungenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene - ngosizo lokuhlanza izithasiselo, ukuzidiliza nokuwageza okugeza kwe-ultrasonic. Kodwa-ke, kunconywa ukuthi izinqubo ezinjalo zidluliselwe kubaphathi esiteshini sesevisi.

Ungazisebenzisi izithasiselo zokuhlanza uma unesihlungi sikaphethiloli esivalekile. Hlola isimo sayo kuqala. Uma kungenjalo, izithasiselo zizothambisa imfucumfucu kusihlungi futhi zisakaze kulo lonke uhlelo, emva kwalokho kuzodingeka kwenziwe ukuhlanzwa kwayo okuphelele.

Esimeni lapho imoto iqala ukugoba lapho ibhuleka, udinga ukuhlola ubuqotho bezintambo ezinamandla kagesi. kufanele futhi uhlole ikhwalithi yothintana naye ocingweni olunegethivu ukusuka kubhethri ukuya phansi. Kungumqondo omuhle ukuhlola ama-spark plugs akho. Kumele futhi wazi ukuthi uma amabhethri engathintani kahle, khona-ke lapho ucindezela i-pedal ye-brake, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi izomisa. Ngokufanelekile, hlola abathintwayo. Nokho, lokhu kungasetshenziswa kuphela ukuze kuqinisekiswe. amaphutha ekusebenzeni kwekhompiyutha ayenzeka futhi, kepha kufanele ihlolwe enkonzweni ngokuxilongwa kwekhompyutha.

Izizathu ezivame kakhulu zokuthi kungani ikwazi ukuma lapho ibhuleka

isiphetho

Isizathu esivame kakhulu ukuthi imoto izitebele lapho braking ukuwohloka "vacuum". Ngakho-ke, ukuxilongwa kufanele kuqale ngokuqinisekiswa kwayo. Nakuba Eqinisweni, kungaba nezizathu eziningi zale nkinga engenhla. Uma ulandela izincomo zethu, kodwa ngenxa yokuhlola akutholanga isizathu, sikweluleka ukuthi ufune usizo kubaphathi esiteshini sesevisi. Bazokwenza ukuxilongwa okuphelele kwemoto futhi balungise.