I-LPG noma i-CNG? Yini ekhokha ngaphezulu?

Okuqukethwe

I-LPG
CNG
Ulwazi oluwusizo mayelana nezimoto "zegesi".
Ukuthandwa okuningi

Kulokhu okuthiwa abashayeli abaningi babheka izimoto zikagesi ngokusola, kanti abanye bazibukela phansi. Lokhu kungashintsha, kepha, njengoba uphethiloli ojwayelekile ubiza kakhulu futhi nezindleko zokuwasebenzisa ziyanda. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kukaphethiloli nodizili uzobe usudala ukuguqulwa noma abashayeli abangabazayo bazocabanga ukuthenga imoto yangempela eguquliwe. Esimweni esinjalo, ubandlululo luya eceleni, futhi ukubalwa okubandayo kuyaphumelela.

Njengamanje kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamafutha ahlukile ancintisanayo emakethe - i-LPG ne-CNG. Iyaqhubeka nokushayela ngempumelelo i-LPG. Isabelo sezimoto ze-CNG singamaphesenti ambalwa kuphela. Kodwa-ke, ukuthengiswa kwe-CNG kuqale ukusimama muva nje, kusekelwa amanani entengo kaphethiloli avumayo esikhathi eside, amamodeli ezimoto alungiswe efekthri, kanye nokumaketha okuyinkimbinkimbi. Emigqeni elandelayo, sizochaza amaqiniso abalulekile futhi siveze izinzuzo nezinkinga zazo zombili izibaseli.

I-LPG

I-LPG (i-Liquified Petroleum Gas) ifushaniswa ne-liquefied petroleum gas. Inemvelaphi yemvelo futhi itholakala njengomkhiqizo owenziwe ekukhishweni kwegesi yemvelo kanye nokucwengwa kukawoyela. Lena ingxube ye-hydrocarbon, ehlanganisa i-propane ne-butane, egcwele izimoto ezisesimweni esiwuketshezi. I-LPG isindayo kunomoya, iyawa futhi ihlale phansi uma ivuza, yingakho izimoto ezigijima ku-LPG zingavunyelwe emagaraji angaphansi komhlaba.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nophethiloli ojwayelekile (udizili, uphethiloli), imoto egijima ku-LPG ikhiqiza ukungcola okungenabungozi kangako, kepha uma kuqhathaniswa ne-CNG, 10% ngaphezulu. Ukufakwa kwe-LPG ezimotweni kuvame ukufezeka ngokutholwa okungeziwe. Kodwa-ke, kukhona namamodeli aguqulwe efektri, kepha lawa amele ingxenyana encane kuphela yenani eliphelele lezimoto ze-LPG eziguquliwe. Okusebenza kakhulu yiFiat, Subaru, kanye ne-Škoda ne-VW.

Inethiwekhi eminyene yeziteshi zegesi, kanye nokufakwa kobuchwepheshe kanye nezinsizakalo zokuhlola ezijwayelekile zizokujabulisa. Endabeni yokuphinda kwenziwe kabusha, kufanele kuhlolwe ukuthi imoto (injini) ikulungele ukusebenza ne-LPG. Uma kungenjalo, kunengozi yokugqoka (ukulimala) ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwezingxenye zenjini, ikakhulukazi ama-valve, amakhanda amasilinda (izihlalo ze-valve) nezimpawu.

Izimoto eziguqulwe zaba yi-LPG flaring ngokuvamile ziyadingeka ukuze zihlolwe minyaka yonke okuyimpoqo. Endabeni yokulungiswa kwe-valve yemishini, kufanele kuhlolwe i-valve efanele (kunconywe njalo ngama-30 km) futhi isikhathi sokushintsha uwoyela akufanele singeqi ku-000 km.

Ngokwesilinganiso, ukusetshenziswa kungamamitha ayi-1-2 ngaphezulu kunalapho kushiswa uphethiloli. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-CNG, ukubhebhetheka kwe-LPG kuphakeme kakhulu, kepha inani lezimoto eliguqulwe laba yi-LPG lisalokhu linjalo. Ngaphandle kwemibono eyandulelayo, ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kanye nokuhlolwa okuvamile, kunezinjini eziningi ezisebenzisa uphethiloli ezisebenzisa u-diesel.

I-LPG noma i-CNG? Yikuphi okukhokha ngaphezulu?

Izinzuzo ze-LPG

Yonga cishe u-40% ezindlekweni zokusebenza uma kuqhathaniswa nenjini kaphethiloli.
Intengo enengqondo yokuvuselelwa kwemishini eyengeziwe (imvamisa ibanga elingu-800-1300 €).
Inethiwekhi eminyene ngokwanele yeziteshi zegesi (cishe ama-350).
Ukugcinwa kwethangi egumbini eligcinwayo.
Uma uyiqhathanisa nenjini kaphethiloli, injini ihamba ithule kancane futhi inembe kakhudlwana ngenxa yenombolo yayo ephakeme ye-octane (101 kuye ku-111).
Imoto ephindwe kabili - ububanzi obuningi.
Ukwakheka komsizi ongaphansi kunomlilo wephethiloli, ngokulandelana. udizili.
Ukukhishwa okuphansi kuqhathaniswa nophethiloli.
Ukuphepha okuphezulu uma kwenzeka ingozi uma kuqhathaniswa nophethiloli (isikebhe esinamandla kakhulu).
Ayikho ingozi yokwebiwa kwephethiloli ethangini uma kuqhathaniswa nophethiloli noma udizili.

Okubi kwe-LPG

Kwabashayeli abaningi, utshalomali lokuqala lubonakala luphezulu.
Ukusetshenziswa kumayelana no-10-15% ngaphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nophethiloli.
Ukwehla kwamandla enjini cishe ngo-5% uma kuqhathaniswa nophethiloli.
Umehluko kwikhwalithi yegesi nobungozi obuthile bamakhanda okugcwalisa ahlukile kwamanye amazwe.
Ukungena emagaraji angaphansi komhlaba akuvunyelwe.
Isondo elingasebenzi lilahlekile i-acc. ukuncishiswa kwegumbi lemithwalo.
Ukuhlolwa konyaka kohlelo lwegesi (noma ngokuya ngemibhalo yesiza).
Ukusebenza kabusha okungeziwe kudinga ukugcinwa okuvame ukwedlula futhi okubiza kakhulu (ukulungiswa kwama-valve, ama-spark plugs, uwoyela wenjini, izimvu zamafutha).
Ezinye izinjini azikulungele ukuguqulwa - kunengozi yokuguga ngokweqile (ukulimala) kwezinye izingxenye zenjini, ikakhulukazi ama-valve, amakhanda angama-cylinder (izihlalo ze-valve) kanye nezimpawu.

CNG

I-CNG (igesi yemvelo ecindezelwe) ifushane ngegesi yemvelo ecindezelwe, okuyi-methane ngokuyisisekelo. Itholwa ngokukhipha imali efakwa emalini ngayinye noma ngokwezimboni emithonjeni evuselelekayo. Ithululelwa ezimotweni esimweni segesi futhi igcinwe emikhunjini ekhethekile yokucindezela.

Ukukhishwa okuvela kumlilo we-CNG kuncane kakhulu kunophethiloli, udizili kanye ne-LPG. I-LNG ilula kunomoya, ngakho-ke ayicwilisi phansi futhi iphuma ngokushesha.

Izimoto ze-CNG zivamise ukuguqulwa ngqo efemini (i-VW Touran, i-Opel Zafira, i-Fiat Punto, i-Škoda Octavia ...), ngakho-ke azikho izinkinga ngewaranti nokunye okungaqondakali okungahle kwenzeke, okufana nensizakalo. Imali engenayo ayivamile, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwangaphambili nokuphazamiseka okukhulu kwezimoto. Ngakho-ke kungcono ukufuna ukubuyekezwa kwemboni kunokucabanga ngokuguqulwa okwengeziwe.

Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo ezibalulekile, ukwanda kwe-CNG kuphansi kakhulu futhi kumelela ingxenyana encane kuphela yenani lezimoto ezisebenza ku-LPG. Sola ukutshalwa kwemali okuphezulu kokuqala emotweni entsha (noma ukulungiswa kabusha), kanye nenethiwekhi encane kakhulu yeziteshi zegesi. Ekupheleni konyaka we-2014, beziyishumi kuphela iziteshi zomphakathi zokugcwalisa i-CNG eSlovakia, okuyizimbalwa, ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Austria engomakhelwane (10), kanye neCzech Republic (cishe ngama-180). Emazweni aseNtshonalanga Yurophu (eJalimane, eNetherlands, eBelgium, njll.) Inethiwekhi yesiteshi sokugcwalisa i-CNG icinene kakhulu.

I-LPG noma i-CNG? Yikuphi okukhokha ngaphezulu?

Izinzuzo ze-CNG

Ukusebenza okushibhile (futhi kushibhile ngokuqhathaniswa ne-LPG).
Ukukhiqizwa okuphansi kokukhishwa okuyingozi.
Ukusebenza kwenjini ethule futhi engenaphutha ngenxa yenombolo yayo ephezulu ye-octane (approx. 130).
Amathangi awagcini umkhawulo wesikhala sabasebenzi kanye nemithwalo (kusebenza ezimotweni ze-CNG ezivela kumkhiqizi).
Ukwakheka komsizi ongaphansi kunomlilo wephethiloli, ngokulandelana. udizili.
Imoto ephindwe kabili - ububanzi obuningi.
Ayikho ingozi yokwebiwa kwephethiloli ethangini uma kuqhathaniswa nophethiloli noma udizili.
Ithuba lokugcwaliswa kokugcwaliswa kwasendlini kusuka ohlelweni olujwayelekile lokusabalalisa igesi.
Ngokungafani ne-LPG, kukhona ithuba lokupaka emagaraji angaphansi komhlaba - i-air conditioner eshintshiwe yanele ukuze kungene umoya ophephile.
Izimoto eziningi ziguqulwa efektri, ngakho-ke azikho izingozi zokuguqulwa njenge-LPG (izihlalo zevalve ezigugile, njll.).

Okubi kwe-CNG

Zimbalwa iziteshi zomsebenzi womphakathi kanye namanani wokunweba ahamba kancane kakhulu.
Ukulungiswa okwengeziwe okumba eqolo (2000 - 3000 €)
Izintengo eziphakeme zezimoto zokuqala ezenziwe kabusha.
Ukwehla kwamandla enjini ngo-5-10%.
Khulisa isisindo somgwaqo.
Izindleko eziphakeme zezinto ezidinga ukushintshwa ekugcineni kwempilo.
Ukuhlola kabusha - ukubuyekezwa kwesistimu yegesi (kuye ngokuthi umenzi wemoto noma uhlelo).

Ulwazi oluwusizo mayelana nezimoto "zegesi".

Endabeni yenjini ebandayo, imoto iqalwa ohlelweni lwe-LPG, ngokuvamile uphethiloli, futhi ngemva kokufudumala kancane ifike ezingeni lokushisa elinqunywe kusengaphambili, ishintshela ku-LPG evuthayo. Isizathu ukuhwamuka okungcono kukaphethiloli ngisho nangaphandle kokususwa kokushisa okwengeziwe enjinini efudumele kanye nokuthungela ngokushesha ngemva kokuthungela.

I-CNG igcinwa isesimweni segesi, ngakho-ke iphatha ukuqala okubandayo kangcono kakhulu kune-LPG. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amandla amaningi ayadingeka ukukhanyisa i-LNG, okungaba yinkinga emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ngakho-ke, izimoto eziguqulwa zishise i-CNG emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwamakhaza (cishe -5 kuye ku -10 ° C) ngokuvamile ziqala ngophethiloli futhi ngokushesha zishintshela ku-CNG evuthayo.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, akunakwenzeka ukuthi uphethiloli ofanayo uhlale ethangini isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyi-3-4, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni ze-CNG ngokuvamile ezingadingi ukusebenzisa uphethiloli. Ibuye ibe nesikhathi sokuphila futhi ibolile (i-oxidize) ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngenxa yalokho, amadiphozithi nensini ehlukahlukene kungavimba ama-injectors noma i-valve mpintsha, okuzophazamisa ukusebenza kwenjini. Futhi, uphethiloli onjalo unyusa ukwakheka kwamadiphozithi ekhabhoni, abola ngokushesha uwoyela futhi avale injini. Futhi, kungavela inkinga uma kukhona uphethiloli wasehlobo ethangini futhi udinga ukuwuqala emakhazeni amakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukusebenzisa uphethiloli ngezikhathi ezithile futhi "ukhiphe" ithangi ngophethiloli omusha.

Ukuthandwa okuningi

Lapho uthenga, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ngokucophelela kokubili ukushayela (uphethiloli / igesi), isiqalo esibandayo, ukushintsha imodi futhi akunangozi uma usazama indlela yokugcwalisa i-refueling. Umgomo awukona ukuthenga imoto enethangi elingenalutho (LPG noma CNG) ngaphandle kokuhlolwa okungenzeka.

Imoto ene-LPG noma i-CNG kufanele ihlolwe njalo ngohlelo, okuya ngemibhalo yomenzi wemoto noma. umenzi wesistimu. Umphumela wesheke ngalinye wumbiko umnikazi wemoto okufanele abe nawo, okumele ubhalwe kanye neminye imibhalo (OEV, STK, EK, njll.).

Imoto kumele ibe nohlelo lwe-LPG noma lwe-CNG olubhaliswe kwisitifiketi sobuchwepheshe (i-OEV). Uma kungenjalo, lokhu ukwakhiwa kabusha okungekho emthethweni futhi imoto enjalo ayikufanele ngokomthetho ukushayela emigwaqweni yaseSlovak Republic.

Endabeni yokuguqulwa okwengeziwe, ngenxa yokufakwa kwethangi esiqwini, ingemuva lemoto lilayishwe kakhulu, okuholela ekugqokeni okushesha ngandlela thile kokumiswa kwe-ekseli langemuva, izifunxi ezishaqisayo namabhuleki amabhuleki.

Ikakhulu, izimoto ezifakwe kabusha ukuze zishise i-petroleum gas (i-CNG) ene-liquefied ingahle igugise ezinye izingxenye zezinjini (ikakhulukazi ama-valve, amakhanda amasilinda noma izimpawu). Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kabusha kwefektri, ubungozi buphansi ngoba umenzi ushintshe injini yomlilo ngokufanele. Ukuzwela nokugqoka kwezingxenye ngazinye. Ezinye izinjini zibekezelela ukushisa kwe-LPG (CNG) ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kanti uwoyela ushintshwa kaningi (max. 15 km). Kodwa-ke, ezinye zazo zizwela kakhulu ekushiseni kwegesi, okukhonjiswa ekugqokeni okusheshayo kwezinye izingxenye.

Ekugcineni, ukuqhathaniswa kwama-Octavia amabili asebenzisa ezinye izinto zokubasa. I-Škoda Octavia 1,6 MPI 75 kW - Ukusetshenziswa kwe-LPG ngokwesilinganiso samalitha angu-9 kanye ne-Škoda Octavia 1,4 TSi 81 kW - ukusetshenziswa kwe-LPG ngokwesilinganiso esingu-4,3 kg.

Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-LPG CNG
Okokhelekayo	I-LPG	CNG
Inani lekhalori (MJ / kg)	mayelana ne-45,5	mayelana ne-49,5
Intengo kaphethiloli	0,7 € / l (cishe 0,55 kg / l)	€ 1,15 / kg
Amandla adingekayo nge-100 km (MJ)	225	213
Intengo yamakhilomitha ayi-100 (€)	6,3	4,9