Ingabe i-lithium ihambisa ugesi?

I-lithium isetshenziswa kabanzi kumabhethri nakuma-electronics ahlukahlukene. Kuyinsimbi ye-alkali yeqembu lokuqala lethebula lezikhathi ezithile elinezici zesici.

Njengochwepheshe kagesi odinga ukwazi lokhu ukuze baziphilise, ngizokwabelana ngolwazi oluwusizo mayelana ne-lithium conductivity kulo mhlahlandlela. Ngokusetshenziswa okubanzi kwezimboni kwe-lithium, ukuqonda "ikhemistri" yayo kukunikeza unqenqema uma kuziwa ekusebenziseni kwayo.

Isifinyezo esifushane: I-lithium yenza ugesi ezindaweni eziqinile nezincibilikisiwe. I-Lithium ine-metallic bond futhi ama-electron ayo e-valence ahlukaniswa abe yizimo eziwuketshezi neziqinile, okuvumela amandla kagesi ukuthi ageleze. Ngakho-ke, ngamafuphi, ukuqhutshwa kukagesi kwe-lithium kuncike kuphela ebukhoneni bama-electron asuswe endaweni.

Ngizolungisa imininingwane eyengeziwe ngezansi.

Kungani i-lithium iqhuba ugesi ezindaweni ezincibilikisiwe neziqinile?

Ukuba khona kwama-electron delocalized.

I-Lithium ine-metallic bond futhi ama-electron ayo e-valence ahlukaniswa abe yizimo eziwuketshezi neziqinile, okuvumela amandla kagesi ukuthi ageleze. Ngakho, ngamafuphi, conductivity kagesi lithium incike kuphela ukuba khona electron delocalized.

Ingabe i-lithium oxide ihambisa ugesi kokubili esimweni esincibilikisiwe nesiqinile?

I-Lithium oxide (Li2O) ihambisa ugesi kuphela uma incibilikile. Lokhu kuyinhlanganisela ye-ionic, futhi ama-ion ku-Li2O eqinile atholakala endaweni ye-ionic lattice; ama-ion awamahhala/amaselula ngakho awakwazi ukuqhuba ugesi. Kodwa-ke, esimweni esincibilikisiwe, izibopho ze-ionic ziyaphulwa futhi ama-ion akhululeke, okuqinisekisa ukugeleza okungavinjelwe kwamandla kagesi.

Itholakala kuphi i-lithium etafuleni le-periodic?

I-Lithium iyinsimbi ye-alkali futhi iseqenjini lokuqala lethebula le-periodic:

Indawo yayo ngqo iboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.

Izakhiwo ze-lithium, i-Li - zamakhemikhali nezomzimba

1. Inombolo ye-athomu, Z

I-Lithium iyikhemikhali enenombolo ye-athomu (Z) ka-3, i.e. Z = 3. Lokhu kuhambisana nama-proton amathathu nama-electron amathathu esakhiweni sawo se-athomu.

2. Uphawu lwamakhemikhali

Uphawu lwamakhemikhali lwe-lithium ngu-Li.

3. Ukubukeka

Kuyinsimbi ye-alkali emhlophe esiliva, ethambile, nelula kakhulu. Futhi iyisici esiqinile esilula kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile.

4. Ukusebenza kabusha nokugcinwa

I-lithium (njengazo zonke izinsimbi ze-alkali) iyasebenza kakhulu futhi iyasha, ngakho igcinwa emafutheni amaminerali.

5. Isisindo se-athomu, A

Isisindo se-athomu (kithi, i-lithium) ichazwa njengesisindo sayo se-athomu. Inqwaba ye-athomu, eyaziwa nangokuthi isisindo se-isotopic esihlobene, ibhekisela esilinganisweni sezinhlayiyana ngazinye futhi ngaleyo ndlela ihlobene ne-isotopu ethile ye-elementi.

6. Iphuzu elibilayo nelincibilikayo

• Iphuzu elincibilikayo, Тmelt = 180.5°С
• Iphuzu elibilayo, bp = 1342°С

Qaphela ukuthi la maphuzu abhekisela ekucindezelweni okujwayelekile komkhathi.

7. Irediyasi ye-athomu ye-lithium

Ama-athomu e-lithium anerediyasi ye-athomu engu-128 pm (i-covalent radius).

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-athomu awanawo umngcele wangaphandle ochazwe ngokucacile. Irediyasi ye-athomu yekhemikhali yibanga ifu le-electron elifinyelela kulo lisuka ku-nucleus.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo nge-lithium, uLi

• I-lithium isetshenziswa kwezokwelapha, njengento epholisayo, ekwenzeni ama-alloys futhi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kumabhethri. 
• Nakuba i-lithium yaziwa ngokuthuthukisa isimo sengqondo, ososayensi abakaqiniseki ngendlela eqondile ethinta ngayo isimiso sezinzwa. I-lithium yaziwa ngokunciphisa isenzo se-dopamine receptors. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingawela i-placenta futhi ithinte ingane engakazalwa.
• Ukusabela kokuqala kwe-nuclear fusion okwenziwe ngokwenziwa kwaba ukuguqulwa kwe-lithium ibe yi-tritium.
• I-lithium ivela egameni lesiGreki elithi lithos, elisho "itshe". I-lithium itholakala emadwaleni amaningi avuthayo, kodwa hhayi ngesimo sayo samahhala.
• I-Electrolysis ye (molten) lithium chloride (LiCl) ikhiqiza insimbi ye-lithium.

Izimiso (izimiso) zokusebenza kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion

Ibhethri le-lithium-ion elishajekayo liqukethe iseli elilodwa noma amaningi akhiqiza amandla, aziwa ngokuthi amaseli. Iseli/igumbi ngalinye linezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko:

I-electrode enhle (graphite) - ixhuma ohlangothini oluhle lwebhethri.

I-electrode engalungile okuhambisana nokungalungile.

i-electrolyte - iboshwe phakathi kwama-electrode amabili.

Ukuhamba kwama-ion (eceleni kwe-electrolyte) nama-electron (emgudwini wangaphandle, ngakolunye uhlangothi) zonke ziyizinqubo ezihlobene; uma omunye ema, omunye uyalandela. 

Uma ama-ion engakwazi ukudlula ku-electrolyte lapho ibhethri selikhishwe ngokuphelele, kanjalo nama-electron ngeke akwazi.

Ngokufanayo, uma ucisha yonke into enika amandla ibhethri, ukunyakaza kwama-electron nama-ion kuzoma. Ibhethri liyayeka ukudonsa ngokushesha, kodwa liyaqhubeka nokudonsa ngenani eliphansi kakhulu ngisho nalapho idivayisi ivaliwe.

Bheka ezinye zezihloko zethu ngezansi.

• I-Sulfuric acid yenza ugesi
• I-Sucrose ihambisa ugesi
• I-nitrogen ihambisa ugesi

Izixhumanisi zevidiyo

I-Periodic Table Ichazwe: Isingeniso

Ibhethri ye-lithium ion isebenza kanjani | Isimiso sokusebenza