Hlola Uhlu Lwenjini Ye-Audi - Ingxenye 1: 1.8 TFSI

Uhlu lwamayunithi okushayela omkhiqizo luyisibonelo sezixazululo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kakhulu.

Uchungechunge mayelana nezimoto ezithakazelisa kakhulu zenkampani

Uma sifuna isibonelo secebo lezomnotho elibheke phambili eliqinisekisa intuthuko eqhubekayo yenkampani, khona-ke i-Audi ingaba yisibonelo esihle kulokhu. Eminyakeni yama-70s, akekho noyedwa owayengacabanga ukuthi manje inkampani evela e-Ingolstadt isizoqhudelana ngokulingana negama elaziwa njengeMercedes-Benz. Impendulo yezizathu ingatholakala kakhulu esiqubeni somkhiqizo esithi "Intuthuko ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe", okuyisisekelo sendlela enqotshwe ngempumelelo eya engxenyeni ye-premium. Indawo lapho kungekho muntu onelungelo lokuyekethisa futhi enikeza okuhle kakhulu. Lokho okwenziwa yi-Audi nezinye izinkampani ezimbalwa kuphela okubaqinisekisa ukuthi bayayidinga imikhiqizo yabo kanye nokufeza amapharamitha afanayo, kodwa futhi umthwalo omkhulu, odinga ukunyakaza njalo onqenqemeni lwensingo yezobuchwepheshe.

Njengengxenye ye-VW Group, i-Audi inethuba lokusebenzisa ngokugcwele amathuba okuthuthukiswa kwenkampani enkulu. Noma ngabe iziphi izinkinga abakwa-VW abanazo, ngokusetshenziswa kwayo minyaka yonke kwe-R&D cishe ama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10, leli qembu lihamba phambili ohlwini lwezinkampani ezingama-50 ezitshalwe imali kakhulu kulo mkhakha, ngaphambi kwezikhondlakhondla ezifana ne-Samsung Electronics, Microsoft, Intel kanye neToyota (lapho leli nani lilingana khona. ngaphezu kwe-7 billion euros). Ngokwayo, i-Audi iseduze neBMW kule mingcele, ngokutshalwa kwezimali kwabo kwe-4,0 billion euros. Kodwa-ke, ingxenye yezimali ezitshalwe kwa-Audi zivela ngokungaqondile kumgcinimafa jikelele weqembu lakwa-VW, njengoba intuthuko isetshenziswa nezinye izinhlobo. Phakathi kwezindawo eziyinhloko zalo msebenzi kukhona ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza izakhiwo zokukhanya, i-electronics, ukuhanjiswa kanye, yiqiniso, ukushayela. Futhi manje sifika engqikithini yale nto, eyingxenye yochungechunge lwethu, emele izixazululo zesimanje emkhakheni wezinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi. Kodwa-ke, njengengxenye ye-elite ye-VW, i-Audi iphinde ithuthukise ulayini othize wama-powertrain aklanyelwe ikakhulukazi izimoto ze-Audi kuphela, futhi sizokutshela ngazo lapha.

1.8 TFSI: imodeli yetheknoloji ephezulu ngazo zonke izindlela

Umlando wakwa-Audi wezinjini ze-in-line ezine-cylinder TFSI uhlehlela emuva maphakathi no-2004, lapho kukhishwa i-EA113 yokuqala yomjovo oqondile wephethiloli emhlabeni njenge-2.0 TFSI. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, kwavela inguqulo enamandla kakhulu ye-Audi S3. Ukuthuthukiswa komqondo we-modular EA888 nge-camshaft drive nge-chain cishe kwaqala ngo-2003, ngaphambi nje kokwethulwa kwe-EA113 ngebhande lesikhathi.

Nokho, i-EA888 yakhiwa kusukela phansi kuya phezulu njengenjini yomhlaba wonke ye-VW Group. Isizukulwane sokuqala sethulwa ngo-2007 (njenge-1.8 TFSI kanye ne-2.0 TFSI); ngokwethulwa kwesistimu ye-valve eguquguqukayo ye-Audi Valvelift kanye nenani lezinyathelo zokunciphisa ukungqubuzana kwangaphakathi, isizukulwane sesibili saphawulwa ngo-2009, kwathi isizukulwane sesithathu (2011 TFSI kanye no-1.8 TFSI) salandela ekupheleni kuka-2.0. Uchungechunge lwamasilinda amane i-EA113 kanye ne-EA888 bathole impumelelo emangalisayo kwa-Audi, bawina isamba semiklomelo eyishumi ehlonishwayo Yenjini Yonyaka Yonyaka kanye Nezinjini Ezingcono Kakhulu eziyi-10. Umsebenzi wonjiniyela ukwakha injini ye-modular ene-1,8 kanye ne-2,0 amalitha, eguqulelwe kokubili ukufakwa okuphambene nobude, ngokunciphisa kakhulu ukungqubuzana kwangaphakathi nokukhishwa, ehlangabezana nezidingo ezintsha, kuhlanganise ne-Euro 6, ngokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe. ukukhuthazela kanye nesisindo esincishisiwe. Ngokusekelwe ku-EA888 Generation 3, i-EA888 Generation 3B yadalwa futhi yethulwa ngonyaka odlule, isebenza ngomgomo ofana nomgomo weMiller. Sizokhuluma ngalokhu kamuva.

Konke lokhu kuzwakala kukuhle, kodwa njengoba sizobona, kudinga umsebenzi omkhulu wokuthuthukisa ukukufeza. Ngenxa yokwenyuka kwe-torque isuka ku-250 iye ku-320 Nm uma iqhathaniswa neyandulela engu-1,8 litre, abasiki bengqephu sebengakwazi ukushintsha amagiya abe namade, okuphinde kwehlise ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Igalelo elikhulu kulokhu kwakamuva yisixazululo esibalulekile sezobuchwepheshe, esabe sesisetshenziswa ezinye izinkampani eziningi. Lawa amapayipi okukhipha ahlanganiswe ekhanda, anikeza ikhono lokufinyelela ngokushesha izinga lokushisa lokusebenza namagesi apholile ngaphansi komthwalo omkhulu futhi agweme isidingo sokucebisa ingxube. Isixazululo esinjalo sinengqondo ngokwedlulele, kodwa futhi sinzima kakhulu ukusisebenzisa, uma kubhekwa umehluko omkhulu wokushisa phakathi koketshezi ezinhlangothini zombili zamapayipi okuqoqa. Kodwa-ke, izinzuzo ziphinde zihlanganise ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kube nomklamo ohlangene, okuthi, ngaphezu kokunciphisa isisindo, uqinisekisa indlela yegesi emfushane futhi engcono kakhulu eya ku-turbine kanye nemojula ehlangene yokugcwalisa ngempoqo kanye nokupholisa umoya ocindezelweyo. Ngokwetiyori, lokhu futhi kuzwakala kokwangempela, kodwa ukusetshenziswa okungokoqobo kuyinselele yangempela yochwepheshe bokusakaza. Ukuphonsa ikhanda le-cylinder eliyinkimbinkimbi, bakha inqubo ekhethekile besebenzisa izinhliziyo ze-metallurgical ezifika kweziyi-12.

Ukulawula ukupholisa okuguqukayo

Esinye isici esibalulekile ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli sihambisana nenqubo yokufinyelela izinga lokushisa lokusebenza kwento epholisayo. Uhlelo lokulawula oluhlakaniphile lwakamuva luyivumela ukuthi imise ngokuphelele ukusakazwa kwayo ize ifinyelele ezingeni lokushisa elisebenzayo, futhi uma lokhu kwenzeka, izinga lokushisa lihlolwe njalo kuye ngomthwalo wenjini. Ukuklama indawo lapho kupholisa khona izikhukhula amapayipi e-exhaust, lapho kune-gradient ebalulekile yokushisa, bekuyinselelo enkulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwasungulwa imodeli eyinkimbinkimbi yokuhlaziya ikhompyutha, kufaka phakathi ukwakheka okuphelele kwegesi / i-aluminium / isipholisi. Ngenxa yokucaciswa kokushisa okunamandla kwendawo ketshezi kule ndawo kanye nesidingo esijwayelekile sokulawula izinga lokushisa, kusetshenziswa imodyuli yokulawula i-polymer rotor, engena esikhundleni se-thermostat yendabuko. Ngakho-ke, esigabeni sokushisa, ukusakazwa kwesipholisi kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele.

Wonke ama-valve angaphandle avaliwe futhi amanzi ebhantshi aba yiqhwa. Ngisho noma i-cabin idinga ukushiswa esimweni sezulu esibandayo, ukujikeleza akusebenzi, kodwa isifunda esikhethekile esinepompo kagesi eyengeziwe sisetshenziswa, lapho ukugeleza kuzungeza khona ama-manifolds wokukhipha. Lesi sixazululo sikuvumela ukuthi unikeze ukushisa okunethezeka ku-cabin ngokushesha okukhulu, kuyilapho ugcina ikhono lokufudumala injini ngokushesha. Lapho kuvulwa i-valve ehambisanayo, ukujikeleza okujulile koketshezi enjinini kuqala - yile ndlela lapho izinga lokushisa likawoyela elisebenza ngayo lifinyelelwa ngokushesha, ngemva kwalokho i-valve ye-cooler yayo ivuleka. Izinga lokushisa elipholile ligadwa ngesikhathi sangempela kuye ngomthwalo nesivinini, kusukela ku-85 kuya ku-107 degrees (phezulu kakhulu ngesivinini esiphansi kanye nomthwalo) egameni lebhalansi phakathi kokunciphisa ukungqubuzana nokuvimbela ukugoqa. Futhi akugcini lapho - ngisho noma injini icishiwe, iphampu kagesi ekhethekile iyaqhubeka nokuzungeza into epholile ngehembe elizwela amathumba ekhanda kanye ne-turbocharger ukuze isuse ngokushesha ukushisa kuzo. Lokhu kokugcina akuthinti iziqongo zamahembe ukuze kugwenywe i-hypothermia yabo esheshayo.

Imibhobho emibili yesilinda ngayinye

Ikakhulukazi kule njini, ukuze ifinyelele ezingeni le-Euro 6 emission, i-Audi yethula okokuqala ngqa uhlelo lomjovo olunamabhobhothi amabili isilinda ngalinye - elomjovo oqondile kanye nelenqwaba yokudonsa. Ikhono lokulawula umjovo ngokuguquguquka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi liphumela ekuxubeni okungcono kukaphethiloli nomoya futhi kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinhlayiya. Ingcindezi engxenyeni yomjovo oqondile inyusiwe isuka ku-150 yaya ku-200 bar. Uma lokhu kwakamuva kungasebenzi, uphethiloli ubuye usakazwe ngokuxhunywa kwe-bypass ngokusebenzisa ama-injection kuma-manifolds okukhiphayo ukuze kupholise iphampu yomfutho ophezulu.

Lapho injini iqaliswa, ingxube ithathwa yi-injection system eqondile, futhi ukuqinisekisa ukufudumeza okusheshayo kwe-catalyst, kwenziwa umjovo ophindwe kabili. Lelisu linikeza ukuxubana okungcono emazingeni okushisa aphansi ngaphandle kokugcwala izingxenye ezibandayo zensimbi yenjini ngophethiloli. Okufanayo kuya ngemithwalo esindayo ukugwema ukuqhuma. Ngenxa yohlelo lokupholisa oluningi lokukhipha kanye nokwakheka kwalo okuhlanganisiwe, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa i-single-jet turbocharger (RHF4 evela ku-IHI) enephenyo le-lambda phambi kwalo nendlu eyenziwe ngezinto ezishibhile.

Umphumela uba yi-torque ephezulu engu-320 Nm ngo-1400 rpm. Okuthakazelisa nakakhulu ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla ngenani eliphakeme le-160 hp. itholakala ku-3800 rpm (!) futhi ihlala kuleli zinga kuze kufike ku-6200 rpm enamandla amakhulu okukhuphuka okwengeziwe (ngaleyo ndlela ifaka izinhlobo ezihlukile ze-2.0 TFSI, ekhulisa izinga le-torque ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu). Ngakho-ke, ukwanda kwamandla ngaphezu kwalowo owandulelayo (ngamaphesenti ayi-12) kuhambisana nokwehla kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli (ngamaphesenti angama-22).

(ukulandela)

Umbhalo: UGeorgy Kolev