Izimoto zabagibeli ze-DAF - ukuthuthukiswa kwamaDashi
Sihlobanisa uhlobo lwe-DAF lwe-Dutch brand nazo zonke izinhlobo zamaloli, aphakathi kwalawo adume kakhulu, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni kagandaganda, kodwa inkampani nayo ibe nesiqephu sokukhiqizwa kwezimoto. Nawu umlando omfushane wezimoto zabagibeli ze-DAF.
Nakuba umlando womkhiqizo uhlehlela ngeminyaka yawo-1949, ukukhiqizwa kwamaloli e-DAF kwaqala ngo-30, lapho kwethulwa amaloli amabili: i-A50 ne-A600, enenjini etholakala ngaphansi kwe-cab. Ngonyaka olandelayo, kwavulwa isitshalo esisha, okwavumela ukwanda okukhulu kokukhiqizwa. Onjiniyela baseDutch nabo baqala ukuthuthukisa imiklamo yebutho. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka le nkampani yadlondlobala kwaze kwanqunywa ukuthi kuqalwe isahluko esisha emlandweni - ukukhiqizwa kwemoto yabagibeli. Eminyakeni eyisishiyagalolunye ngemva kokwethulwa kokuqala kwamaloli okuqala, i-DAF yethulwa. Kwakuwukuphela kwemoto yabagibeli eyayikhiqizwa eNetherlands ngaleso sikhathi.
I-DAF 600 inamasondo angu-12 inch ubude obungamamitha angu-3,6, kodwa kule ngxenye yayinomboko omkhulu. Ukufinyelela ezihlalweni zangemuva bekulula ngenxa yeminyango emikhulu nokugoqa izihlalo zangaphambili. Ukwakhiwa kwemoto kungabizwa ngokuthi yesimanje kanye ne-ergonomic.
Ukuze uthole idrayivu, kwasetshenziswa injini encane enamasilinda amabili epholile enomthamo we-590 cm3 namandla angama-22 hp. itholwe ngemuva kwemizuzwana engama-90. Into entsha ebaluleke kakhulu kube i-Variomatic gearbox eyakhiwe umsunguli we-DAF u-Hub Van Doorn.
Namuhla siyazi lesi sixazululo njenge-variator engenazinyathelo. Ukwakhiwa kwe-DAF kwakusekelwe kuma-V-belt pulley amabili adlulisa amandla enjini aya emasondweni. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-DAF ayengenawo amagiya, ayekwazi ukuya phambili aye emuva ngesivinini esifanayo. Kusukela nge-DAF 600, ama-gearbox e-Variomatic asephenduke imoto ehamba phambili yabakhiqizi.
Ngomshini wokunyathelisa wezohwebo I-DAF 600 yemukelwa ngemfudumalo. Ukunethezeka kokugibela, ukuphatha kalula nokuklama okucatshangelwayo kwadunyiswa ikakhulukazi, nakuba iqiniso liwukuthi i-Variomatic yayingalungile. Amabhande e-V awazange aqinisekise impilo ende yesevisi. I-DAF iqinisekisa ukuthi imizila ohlelweni kufanele yanele ukumboza okungenani ama-40. km ngaphandle kokushintshwa. Izintatheli azikhalanga ngophiko lwamandla kagesi, kodwa ziphawule ukuthi ukusebenza kwawo akugculisi.
Imoto yahlala idayiswa kwaze kwaba ngu-1963. Ngaphezu kwe-sedan eneminyango emibili, inguqulo yendawo yonke (i-pickup) nayo yakhiqizwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwakhiqizwa amakhophi angu-30 563 alolu sana. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, inguqulo enamandla kancane yethulwa ekukhiqizeni, okwaba umlandeli we-600.
I-DAF 750 (1961-1963) yayinenjini enkulu yohlobo olufanayo, okwathi, ngenxa yokwanda kokufuduka, yakhiqiza i-8 hp. ngaphezulu, okwaholela ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe: isivinini esiphezulu sikhuphuke safinyelela ku-105 km / h. Kanye ne-750, kwasungulwa enye imodeli, i-30 Daffodil, engazange ihluke ekusebenzeni kokushayela kuyo, kodwa yayiyinguqulo kanokusho. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakhethwa i-grille trim ye-chrome. Kwakuyimodeli ebiza kakhulu kulayini we-DAF, owawunikeza izimoto ezintathu ezingamawele ekuqaleni kwawo-XNUMX.
Izinxushunxushu kulesi siphakamiso zaphazamiseka ngo-1963 ngesikhathi sivulwa. I-DAF Narcissus 31lapho ukukhiqizwa kwamanye amamodeli kuyekwa. Imoto entsha yayinamasondo amakhulu (amasentimitha angu-13), i-carburetor yashintshwa enjini, kodwa lokhu akuzange kukhulise amandla, kodwa kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle. Ngokokuqala ngqa, i-DAF yethula uhlobo olusha lomzimba lwale modeli. Kwakuyinqola yesiteshi, okukhumbuza i-'56 Bosto Mermaid edumile. I-superstructure yemithwalo inwebe ngaphezu komugqa wophahla futhi yayicwebezeliswe ngokugcwele noma ingxenye. Isamba samayunithi angama-200 31 azo zonke izimoto ze-Daffodil DAF zakhiqizwa.
I-modernization elandelayo yenzeke ngo-1965, futhi igama layo lashintshwa laba yi-DAF Daffodil 32. Kwakungekho izinguquko ezinkulu mayelana nokuklama, kodwa umzimba wavuselelwa kabusha, obonakala ikakhulukazi ngaphambili. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho i-DAF yokuqala ene-flavour yezemidlalo yadalwa - i-Daffodil 32 S. Ngokwandisa usayizi wenjini (kufika ku-762 cm3), esikhundleni se-carburetor nesihlungi somoya, amandla enjini anda abe ngu-36 hp. Imoto yenziwe ngamakhophi angu-500 ngenhloso yokuxoxisana, ukuze i-DAF ibambe iqhaza kulo mhlangano. Inguqulo evamile ye-Model 32 ithengise amakhophi angu-53.
Isithombe. DAF 33 Kombi, Niels de Witt, flickr. I-Creative Commons
Umndeni wezimoto ezincane iDAF usugcwalise lo mfuziselo 33, eyakhiqizwa ngo-1967-1974. Nalapha futhi, akuzange kube khona ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwesimanje. Imoto yayihlome kangcono futhi yayinenjini engu-32 hp, eyayivumela ukuthi ifinyelele isivinini se-112 km / h. I-DAF 33 kwaba yimpumelelo enkulu - izimoto ezingu-131 zakhiqizwa.
Ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zabagibeli kwaba nenzuzo enkulu kangangokuthi i-DAF yanquma ukwakha imboni entsha, isizakala ngesimo somnotho ezweni. Ngemva kokuvalwa kwemayini esifundazweni saseLimburg, uhulumeni waseNetherlands wayefuna ukuxhasa ukutshalwa kwezimali endaweni ukuze kuliwe nokuntuleka kwemisebenzi. Abanikazi benkampani basebenzise leli thuba futhi baqala ukwakha imboni e-Born, eyaqedwa ngo-1967. Khona-ke ukukhiqizwa kwemoto entsha, i-DAF 44, yaqala lapho.
Ngemuva komdlalo wokuqala I-DAF Narcissus 32Umdwebi wesitayela wase-Italy u-Giovanni Michelotti wabamba iqhaza ekulungiseni kabusha isitayela, futhi kwaqala umsebenzi wemoto yomgibeli enkulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, umklami angakwazi ukukhokhela ukwakha umzimba omusha ngokuphelele, ngenxa yalokho I-DAF 44 bekubukeka kuyisimanjemanje futhi kujabulisa ngobuhle maphakathi nawo-1966. Iphinde yabonakala iphumelela ekuthengisweni. Ukukhiqizwa kwaqala ngo-1974 futhi kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngu-167. Ngalesi sikhathi, amayunithi angaba ngu-902 akhiqizwa.
Isithombe. Peter Rolthof, flickr.com, onelayisensi. Umphakathi Wokudala 2.0
I-DAF 44 yayisesedan enezicabha ezimbili, kodwa ikhudlwana kancane, ilinganiselwa kumamitha angu-3,88. Idrayivu esetshenzisiwe bekuyinjini ethuthukisiwe evela emndenini omncane we-DAF. 34 hp ifinyelelwe ngokukhuphula umthamo wokusebenza ube ngu-844 cm3. Amandla athunyelwa nge-variomatic transmission eguquguqukayo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngaphandle kwesedan, kwethulwe nenqola yesiteshi, kulokhu yaklanywa ngendlela ecolisekile. Ngokwesisekelo semodeli, kwakhiwa imoto ekhethekile ye-Kalmar KVD 440, eyenzelwe ukuthunyelwa kwesiSwidi. Imoto yakhiqizwa eSweden enye inkampani, kodwa yakhiwe ngayo yonke i-DAF 44 transmission.
Isithombe. Peter Rolthof, flickr.com, onelayisensi. Umphakathi Wokudala 2.0
Yaqala ukwenziwa ngo-1974. Isiqephu 46obungahlukanga ekusebenzeni komzimba nokwandulelayo. Imininingwane yesitayela ishintshiwe kancane, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa okubaluleke kakhulu kwakuwukusetshenziswa kwesizukulwane esisha se-Variomatic transmission ene-De-Dion drive axle. Lolu hlobo lwesixazululo lwalunikeza ukunethezeka okwengeziwe lapho ushayela ezindaweni ezingalingani futhi lwalusetshenziswa ezimotweni ezibiza kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi, njenge-Opel Diplomat. Naphezu kokuthuthukiswa, ukukhiqizwa kwalo modeli kwakungekuhle. Ngo-1976, kwase kukhiqizwe amayunithi angama-32.
Phezulu kwengxenye yezimoto zabagibeli ze-DAF kwakuyimodeli 55, eyaqala ukukhiqizwa ngo-1968. Kulokhu amaDashi alahla izinjini zawo ezincane ezipholisa umoya akhetha injini epholiswe uketshezi. Esikhundleni senjini enamasilinda amabili, I-DAF 55 ithole injini engu-1,1 litre eyi-four-cylinder Renault enamandla angaphansi kuka-50 hp. Injini enamandla kakhulu inikeze ukusebenza okuhle (136 km / h, ukusheshisa ku-80 km / h ngemizuzwana engu-12), ngoba imoto ayizange ifake isisindo esiningi kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nabafowabo abancane - yayinesisindo esingu-785 kg.
Lona bekuwumzamo wokuqala we-DAF kwi-Variomatic eneyunithi enamandla kangaka. Lokhu bekuyinkinga yobunjiniyela, njengoba amabhande okushayela ayezothwala kanzima kakhulu kunasesimeni sokudluliswa kwamandla asuka ezinjinini ezinamasilinda amabili. Ukusetshenziswa kwamabhande aqinile kuthinte ukusebenza kahle kwalo lonke uhlelo.
Isithombe. DAF 55 Coupe Nico Quatrevingtsix, flickr.com, ilayisense. Umphakathi Wokudala 2.0
Ekuqaleni, imoto yanikezwa njenge-sedan eneminyango emibili, njengazo zonke izimoto zangaphambili zomkhiqizo. Into entsha kwakuyimodeli ye-coupe eyethulwa ngawo lowo nyaka, eyahlukaniswa ngomklamo okhanga kakhulu. Uphahla olucijile olucijile lwengeza ulaka. Akumangazi ukuthi abathengi bakhethe ngokuzithandela le nketho, ngoba i-DAF ayizange inikeze i-sedan eneminyango emine noma kunjalo.
Bekuphinde kube iphrojekthi ethokozisayo. I-DAF Torpedo - imoto yemidlalo eyisibonelo enomklamo ogqamile omise okwe wedge. Imoto yakhiwe ngesisekelo se-DAF 55 Coupe - yayinenjini engu-1,1 litre kanye ne-Variomatic gearbox. Imoto yenziwe ngekhophi eyodwa kuphela, yethulwa e-Geneva Fair ngo-1968.
Ekupheleni kokukhiqiza, uhlelo olukhethekile olubizwa ngokuthi 55 marathons (1971-1972). Ushintsho olubaluleke kakhulu kwaba injini engu-63 hp. ngokususwa okufanayo njengenguqulo evamile. Le nguqulo iphinde yathuthukisa ukumiswa, amabhuleki futhi yengeza imivimbo emzimbeni. Imoto kule nguqulo ingasheshisa ku-145 km / h. Kukhiqizwe ezingu-10.
Inguqulo yeMarathon ibuyile kumlandeli owawuyiyo I-DAF 66eyakhiqizwa ngo-1972-1976. Imoto ibifana neyandulelayo futhi inenjini efanayo engu-1,1 litre, kodwa ine-3 hp eyengeziwe etholakalayo. (injini yayingama-53 hp). Inguqulo yeMarathon ekuqaleni ibifakwe injini engu-60 hp, kwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwafakwa injini entsha engu-1,3 litre, nayo eyenziwe ngabakwaRenault.
Ngesisekelo semodeli engu-66, iloli lezempi i-DAF 66 YA (1974) elinomzimba ovulekile (elinophahla lwendwangu) lalungiswa. Imoto yayinesistimu yokushayela kanye nebhande langaphambili elifana nelomuntu ovamile. Eminye yalungiselelwa izidingo zempi. Umshini wasetshenziswa kwaze kwaba yiminyaka yamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-DAF 66 kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngu-1975 futhi amayunithi angu-101 akhiqizwa ngezinguqulo ze-sedan, coupe kanye ne-station wagon.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, ngemva kokwamukelwa okufudumele kwezimoto ezincane zokuqala zomkhiqizo, idumela labo laqala ukwehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isizathu esiyinhloko kwakuwukushintshwa kwezimoto zohlobo lwezimoto zikwazi ukuhamba ngesivinini esingama-25 km/h. Lokhu kwakungenxa yomthetho waseDutch owawuvumela abantu ukushayela lolu hlobo lwemoto ngaphandle kwemvume. Ama-DAF aguqulwe ngale ndlela abe yisithiyo, esithinte ngokuzenzakalelayo isithombe somkhiqizo. Iqala ku-rallycross, i-Formula 3 kanye ne-marathon bekufanele iguqule isithombe, kodwa izimoto ze-DAF zikhethwe abashayeli abathulisa, ngokuvamile abesizukulwane esidala.
Inkinga ye-DAF nayo yayiwuhlu lwamamodeli amancane kanye nesinqumo sokwenza zonke izimoto zitholakale kuphela nge-gearbox ye-Variomatic, okuyinto, naphezu kwezinzuzo zayo ezingenakuphikwa, yayinohlu olude lwezinkinga - yayingafaneleki ukufakwa ngezinjini ezinamandla, amabhande ayengakwazi. break, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, abanye abashayeli bancamela ukudluliswa kwesandla kwakudala.
Isithombe. I-DAF 66 YA, Dennis Elzinga, flickr.com, lic. I-Creative Commons
Ngo-1972, i-DAF yenza isivumelwano neVolvo, eyathola i-1/3 yamasheya embonini yase-Born. Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, lesi sitshalo sathathwa ngokuphelele yiVolvo. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-DAF 66 akuzange kuqedwe - kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngu-1981. Kusukela kulo nyaka kuqhubeke uphawu lweVolvo luvele kuma-radiator grilles, kodwa bekuyimoto efanayo. Womabili ama-powertrains akwaRenault kanye no-gearbox weVariomatic agciniwe.
I-Volvo iphinde yasebenzisa i-prototype eyayingakangeni ekukhiqizeni. I-DAF 77okwathi ngemva kokubuyekezwa okuningi, yathengiswa njengeVolvo 343. Ukukhiqizwa kwaqala ngo-1976 futhi kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngu-1991. Imoto yaba yinto ethengiswa kakhulu - amayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-1,14 akhiqizwa. Ekuqaleni, imoto yanikezwa i-variomisk, igama layo lashintshwa laba i-CVT gearbox. Ngokusho kwabasiki bengqephu be-DAF, ugesi awuhambisani kahle nale moto enzima kakhulu. Kakade ngo-1979, i-Volvo yethula i-transmission manual ekunikezeni kwayo.
Waphela kanjalo-ke umlando wezimoto zabagibeli ze-DAF, futhi alukho uphawu lokuthi lo mkhiqizi wamaloli ophumelelayo uyoke avuselele le phrojekthi eseceleni. Kuyadabukisa, ngoba umlando ubonise ukuthi bebefuna indawo yabo emakethe ngendlela ethakazelisayo.
