Ithangi elilandelwa ngamasondo alula i-BT-2 Ithangi yamukelwa yi-Red Army ngoMeyi 1931. Yakhiwe ngesisekelo semoto enamasondo eklanywe umklami waseMelika uChristie futhi yayingeyokuqala emndenini wakwa-BT (I-Fast Tank), eyasungulwa eSoviet Union. Umkhumbi wethangi, ohlanganiswe ngokuzungeza kusuka kumapuleti ezikhali awugqinsi angu-13-mm, wawunesiphambano esimise okwebhokisi. Indawo yokungena yomshayeli yayifakwe epuletini elingaphambili lomkhumbi. Izikhali zazigcinwe ku-cylindrical riveted turret. Ithangi lalinezici zejubane eliphezulu. Ngenxa yedizayini yokuqala ye-chassis, inganyakaza kumathrekhi namasondo. Ehlangothini ngalunye kwakukhona amasondo omgwaqo ane-raber enobubanzi obukhulu anamasondo amakhulu, namasondo omgwaqo angemuva esebenza njengamasondo okushayela, namasondo angaphambili ayekwazi ukuqondisa. Ukusuka kolunye uhlobo lwe-propulsion kuya kolunye kuthathe cishe imizuzu engama-30. Ithangi le-BT-2, njengamathangi alandelayo omndeni wakwa-BT, lakhiqizwa e-Kharkov Locomotive Plant eqanjwe ngalo. Comintern. Iminyaka eminingana kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-20s nasekuqaleni kwama-30s wekhulu lama-20 Tank Christie yasetshenziswa njengesisekelo ekwakhiweni kwezimoto zokuqala zokulwa zaseSoviet, yiqiniso, ngezithuthukisi eziningi nezengezo eziphathelene nezikhali, ukudluliselwa, injini kanye nenani leminye imingcele. Ngemva kokufaka i-turret eklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ngezikhali ku-chassis yethangi likaChristie, ithangi elisha lamukelwa yi-Red Army ngo-1931 futhi lafakwa ekukhiqizeni ngaphansi kwegama elithi BT-2. Ngo-November 7, 1931, izimoto ezintathu zokuqala zaboniswa kulo mbukiso. Kuze kube ngu-1933, kwakhiwa ama-BT-623 angu-2. Ithangi lokuqala lokukhiqiza elilandelwa ngomkhondo elinamasondo linegama elithi BT-2 futhi lihlukile kunesibonelo saseMelika ezicini eziningi zokuklama. Okokuqala, ithangi laline-turret ejikelezayo (eyasungulwa ngunjiniyela A.A. Maloshtanov) futhi ifakwe amasondo omgwaqo alula (enezimbobo eziningi ezikhanyisayo). Igumbi lokulwa lahlelwa kabusha - ama-racks ezinhlamvu asusiwe, amathuluzi amasha afakwa, njll. Umzimba wayo wawuyibhokisi elihlanganiswe kusuka kumapuleti ezikhali axhunywe nge-riveting. Ingxenye engaphambili yomkhumbi yayinomumo wombhoshongo osikiwe. Ukungena ethangini, kwakunomnyango wangaphambili owawuzivulela wona. Ngaphezulu kwayo, odongeni olungaphambili lwedokodo lomshayeli, kwakukhona ihawu elinendawo yokubuka eyayigoqekile. Ingxenye yekhala yayihlanganisa ukubunjwa kwensimbi lapho amapuleti ezikhali angaphambili naphansi ayeboshwe futhi eshiselwe khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yayisebenza njengendlu yokufaka i-rack kanye nezingalo zokuqondisa. Ipayipi lensimbi lalilulwe phakathi kokulingisa, lashiselwa ngaphandle ukuze lifinyelele emikhawulweni yezikhali futhi lalihloselwe ukunamathisela ama-cranks e-sloth. Ama-consoles ngendlela yamashidi ezikhali ezinxantathu ayeshiselwe (noma aboshwe) ekhaleni le-hull nhlangothi zombili, esebenza njengengxenye yokubopha ipayipi ekhaleni lesikebhe. Ama-consoles abenezinkundla zokunamathisela amabhafa enjoloba anciphisa ukuhamba kwezibambisi ezidonsa amasondo angaphambili. Izindonga eziseceleni ze-tank hull ziphindwe kabili. Amashidi angaphakathi ezindongeni ayenziwe ngensimbi elula engena-armored futhi enezimbobo ezintathu zokudlula amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo ukuze kufakwe i-axle shaft yamasondo omgwaqo. Ohlangothini olungaphandle, ama-struts angu-5 afakwe emashidini ukuze anamathisele iziphethu ezi-cylindrical spiral of the suspension. Phakathi kwe-3rd kanye ne-4th struts kwakukhona ithangi legesi ezisekelweni zokhuni. Izindlu zokugcina zokushayela zazihunyushelwa engxenyeni engemuva engezansi yeshidi lomzimba wangaphakathi, futhi ama-struts okunamathisela isiphethu sangemuva ayehleshulelwe engxenyeni engenhla. Amashidi angaphandle ezindonga anezikhali. Ayeboshelwa kubakaki basentwasahlobo. Amaphiko ayefakwe ngaphandle nhlangothi zombili kubakaki abane. 1. Ubakaki wesondo lomhlahlandlela. 2.Isondo lomhlahlandlela. 3. I-Mountain brake lever. 4.Hatch yokugibela nokwehlisa abasebenzi. 5. Ikholomu yokuqondisa. 6. I-gear shift lever. 7.Isihlangu sangaphambili somshayeli. 8.Umshini wokuzungezisa we-turret owenziwe ngesandla. 9.Isondo lokuqondisa elingaphambili. 10.Umbhoshongo. 11.Ibhande lehlombe lombhoshongo. 12.Injini yenkululeko. 13. Ukuhlukaniswa kwegumbi lenjini. 14.I-clutch enkulu. 15. I-Gearbox. 16.Izimpumputhe. 17.I-Muffler. 18.Icici. 19. Isondo le-Crawler drive. 20. Final drive housing. 21.Isiginci. 22.Shayela isondo. 23.Umlandeli. 24. Ithangi lamafutha. 25. Irola yethrekhi. 26.Isiphethu esivundlile sesondo lomgwaqo ongaphambili. 27.Isondo lokuqondisa elingaphambili. 28. I-lever yokulawula ithrekhi. 29.I-clutch yangaphakathi Ingemuva lomkhumbi wethangi lalinezindlu ezimbili zokugcina, eziboshelwe futhi zashiselwa epayipini lensimbi, eliboshelwe emashidini aseceleni angaphakathi; amashidi amabili - aqondile futhi atshekile, ashiselwe epayipini kanye nama-crankcases (abakaki ababili abadonsayo baxhunywe eshidini eliqondile), kanye nesihlangu sangemuva esikhiphekayo esimboze indawo yokudlulisela ngemuva. Kwakukhona izimbobo odongeni oluqondile lwesihlangu lapho kudlula khona amapayipi okukhipha umoya. I-muffler yayixhunywe ohlangothini olungaphandle lwehawu. Iphansi lomzimba liqinile, lenziwe ngeshidi elilodwa. Ngaphansi kwephampu kawoyela kwakukhona imbobo yokuhlakaza injini namapulaki amabili okudonsa amanzi namafutha. Uphahla ngaphambili lwalunembobo enkulu eyindilinga ye-turret enebhande elinebhola eliphansi elicijile. Ngenhla kwegumbi lenjini eliphakathi nendawo, uphahla lwalukwazi ukukhipha, ishidi eligoqekayo libheke phezulu futhi lihluthulelwe ngentambo ngaphakathi; Intambo yavulwa ngaphandle ngokhiye. Phakathi neshidi kwakukhona imbobo yokuthi ipayipi lokuhambisa umoya kuma-carburetor liphume. Emaceleni eshidi elikhishwayo, izihlangu ze-radiator zazinamathiselwe kuma-rack, lapho umoya wawumuncwa khona ukuze upholise ama-radiator. Ngaphezulu kwekhompathimenti yokudlulisela kwakukhona i-hatch eyisikwele yokuphuma komoya oshisayo, evaliwe ngamakhethini. Amapuleti ezikhali ezinde ngaphezu kwesikhala phakathi kwezindonga ezisemaceleni ayenanyathiselwe kubakaki basentwasahlobo ngezikhonkwane. Ishidi ngalinye lalinezimbobo eziyindilinga ezintathu (ezangaphandle zokudlula izinkomishi ezilawula intwasahlobo, nephakathi nendawo ngaphezu kwentamo yokugcwalisa ithangi likaphethiloli); enye imbobo ene-slot yayitholakala ngenhla kwepulaki kalayini wegesi, futhi abakaki abathathu bamabhande okubopha ithrekhi ophikweni olugoqiwe nabo bafakwe lapha. Ingaphakathi le-tank hull lalihlukaniswe ngama-partitions ama-4 amagumbi: ukulawula, ukulwa, injini kanye nokudlulisa. Okokuqala, eduze kwesihlalo somshayeli, ama-control levers nama-pedals kanye ne-instrument panel. Kweyesibili, kwagcinwa izinhlamvu, amathuluzi, futhi kwakukhona indawo yomphathi wamathangi (owaziwa nangokuthi isibhamu kanye nesilayishi). Igumbi lokulwa lahlukaniswa negumbi lenjini ngokuhlukaniswa okugoqekayo okunezicabha. Igumbi lenjini laliqukethe injini, ama-radiator, ithangi likawoyela nebhethri; Ihlukaniswe nekhompathimenti yokudlulisela ngokuhlukaniswa okugoqekayo okwakunokusikwa kwefeni. Ugqinsi lwezivikelo ezingaphambili nezasemaceleni zomkhumbi lwaluyi-13 mm, ingemuva le-hull lalingu-10 mm, futhi uphahla naphansi kwakungu-10 mm no-6 mm. I-turret ye-BT-2 ithangi ihlotshiswe (ubukhulu bezikhali buyi-13 mm), nxazonke, i-riveted, i-offset ngemuva ngo-50 mm. Ngemuva kwakunomshini wokugcina amagobolondo. Phezulu kombhoshongo kwakukhona i-hatch enesivalo esasigoqeka phambili ngamahinji amabili futhi sivalelwe endaweni evaliwe ngengidi. Kwesokunxele kwayo kunendawo eyindilinga yokuchamisela yokubonisa ifulegi. Ingaphezulu lombhoshongo lalitshekele ngaphambili. Udonga oluseceleni lwaluhlanganiswe kusuka kumahhafu amabili aphikisiwe. Ibhande elingaphezulu lehlombe lokusekela ibhola lalixhunywe phansi kombhoshongo. Ukujikeleza kanye nokubhuleka kombhoshongo kwenziwa kusetshenziswa umshini ojikelezayo, okusekelwe kuwo i-gearbox yeplanethi. Ukuze ajikelezise i-turret, umphathi wethangi wayejikisa isondo lokuqondisa ngesibambo. Izikhali ezijwayelekile zethangi le-BT-2 kwakuyinganono engu-37-mm B-3(5K) yemodeli yango-1931 kanye nesibhamu somshini we-DT esingu-7,62-mm. I-cannon kanye nesibhamu somshini kwakufakwe ngokuhlukana: eyokuqala - ngezikhali ezihambayo, okwesibili - ebholeni elingakwesokudla kwesokudla se-cannon. I-engeli yokuphakama kwesibhamu +25°, ukwehla -8°. Ukuqondisa okuqondile kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ukuphumula kwehlombe. Umbono we-telescopic wasetshenziselwa ukudubula okuqondiwe. Izinhlamvu zesibhamu ziyimizuliswano engu-92, isibhamu somshini - imizuliswano engu-2709 (ama-disc angu-43). Amathangi okuqala angama-60 ayengenazo iziqhumane zesibhamu sebhola. Izikhali zethangi zethule inkinga eqondile. Kwakufanele ihlome ithangi nge-cannon engu-37-mm kanye nesibhamu somshini, kodwa ngenxa yokushoda kwezibhamu, amathangi ochungechunge lokuqala ayehlome ngezibhamu ezimbili zomshini (ezitholakala endaweni eyodwa) noma engahlomile nhlobo. Isibhamu sethangi esingu-37 mm esinobude bomgqomo obungama-calibers angama-60 sasihlukile kwesibhamu se-anti-tank esingu-37 mm semodeli ka-1930, futhi saqedwa kuphela ehlobo lika-1933. Umyalelo wokuqala uhlinzekelwe ukukhiqizwa kwezibhamu zamathangi angama-350 e-Artillery Plant No. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi inguqulo yethangi yesibhamu se-anti-tank engu-8-mm yemodeli ka-45 isivele ivele, ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo kwesibhamu esingu-1932 mm kwashiywa. Amathangi angu-350 ayehlome ngezibhamu ezingamawele ze-DA-2 ezinomthamo ongu-7,62 mm, ezazifakwe emgodleni wesibhamu we-turret kumaski eklanywe ngokukhethekile. Imaski kuma-axle ayo yayizungeza i-eksisi evundlile, okwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukunikeza izibhamu zomshini i-engeli yokuphakama engu-+22° kanye ne-engeli yokwehla engu -25°. Ama-engeli okukhomba avundlile (ngaphandle kokujika i-turret) anikezwa izibhamu zomshini ngokuphendula i-swivel eklanywe ngokukhethekile efakwe ku-mantlet kusetshenziswa izikhonkwane eziqondile, futhi ama-engeli ajikelezayo afinyelelwa: 6 ° kwesokudla, 8 ° kwesokunxele. Kwesokudla kwamawele kwakukhona isibhamu esisodwa se-DT. Umdubuli oyedwa udubule endaweni efakwe i-coaxial, emi, ebeke isifuba sakhe esivimbeni sesifuba nesilevu sakhe esilevini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, konke ukufakwa kwakulele ehlombe elingakwesokudla lomdubuli. Izinhlamvu zazihlanganisa ama-disc angu-43 - ama-rounds angu-2709. Injini ye-tank iyinjini yezindiza ezine-stroke ezine, uhlobo lwe-M-5-400 (ezinye izimoto zazifakwe injini yendiza ye-American Liberty efana nomklamo), kanye nokwengezwa komshini wokuzungeza, ifeni kanye ne-flywheel. Amandla enjini ku-1650 rpm - 400 hp. Nge. Ukudluliswa kwamandla kagesi bekuhlanganisa i-multi-disc main dry friction clutch (insimbi kunsimbi), ebibekwe ozwaneni lwe-crankshaft, u-gearbox onamagiya amane, ama-clutch amabili ezinhlangothini ezinama-multi-disc anamabhuleki amabhendi, isiteji esisodwa esisodwa. amadrayivu okugcina nama-gearbox amabili (iziginci) ashayela amasondo omgwaqo angemuva - ahamba phambili ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngamasondo. Isiginci ngasinye sinesethi yamagiya amahlanu atholakala ku-crankcase, esebenza njengebhalansi esondo lokugcina lomgwaqo. Amadrayivu okulawula amathangi ayimishini. Ukuze uvule ithrekhi yesibungu, kusetshenziswa izinsimbi ezimbili, futhi ukuvula ithrekhi enamasondo, kusetshenziswa isondo lokuqondisa. Ithangi linezinhlobo ezimbili zokushayela: okulandelwayo nokunamasondo. Eyokuqala yayinamaketango amabili ethrekhi, ngalinye linamathrekhi angu-46 (ama-23 flat kanye nama-ridged angu-23) angu-260 mm ububanzi; amasondo amabili angemuva ane-diameter engu-640 mm; amarola ayisishiyagalombili asekelayo anobubanzi obungu-815 mm kanye namarola omhlahlandlela we-sloth anemishini yokucindezela. Ama-track roller ayemiswe ngawodwana kuma-cylindrical coil springs atholakala... amarola ayisithupha abheke phezulu, phakathi kwezindonga zangaphakathi nezingaphandle zesikebhe, nalezi ezimbili ezingaphambili - zivundlile, ngaphakathi kwendawo yokulwa. Amasondo okushayela kanye namasondo omgwaqo ahlanganiswe nerabha. I-BT-2 yayiyithangi lokuqala elafakwa enkonzweni ngokumiswa okunjalo. Kanye nokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, lokhu kwakungesinye sezimo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokudala imoto yokulwa enesivinini esikhulu. I-serial yokuqala amathangi I-BT-2 yaqala ukungena enkonzweni namasosha ngo-1932. Lezi zimoto zokulwa zazihloselwe ukuhlomisa ukwakheka okuzimele kwemishini, okuwukuphela kommeleli wawo ngaleso sikhathi e-Red Army kwakuyi-1st Mechanized Brigade eyaqanjwa ngo-K. B. Kalinovsky, ehlala esifundeni saseMoscow Military. Imishini yokusekela impi ye-brigade yayihlanganisa "ibutho lamathangi e-fighter" elihlome ngezimoto ze-BT-2. Ukusebenza kwamasosha kwembula amaphutha amaningi amathangi e-BT-2. Izinjini ezingathembekile ngokuvamile zihluleka, futhi amathrekhi enziwe ngensimbi yezinga eliphansi ayecekelwa phansi. Inkinga yezingxenye eziyisipele ayizange ibe nkulu kakhulu. Ngakho, engxenyeni yokuqala ka-1933, imboni yakhiqiza amathrekhi angama-80 kuphela. Amathangi e-BT. Izici zokusebenza   I-BT-2 ngokufakwa YEBO-2 I-BT-2 (inganono- isibhamu somshini) I-BT-5 (1933/XNUMX/XNUMX) I-BT-5 (1934/XNUMX/XNUMX) Isisindo sokulwa, t 10.2 11 11.6 11,9 Abasebenzi, abantu 2 3 3 3 Ubude bomzimba, mm 5500 5500 5800 5800 Ububanzi mm 2230 2230 2230 2230 Ukuphakama, mm 2160 2160 2250 2250 Ukucaca mm 350 350 350 350 Impi Isibhamu   37 mm B-3 45mm 20k 45mm 20k Isibhamu somshini 2×7,62 DT 7,62 DT 7,62 DT 7.62 DT Izinhlamvu (ene-walkie-talkie / ngaphandle kwe-walkie-talkie): amagobolondo   92 105 72/115 amakhadibhodi 2520 2709 2700 2709 Ukubhuka, mm: ingquza ebunzini 13 13 13 13 uhlangothi lwe-hull 13 13 13 13 lukhuni 13 13 13 1Z umbhoshongo ebunzini 13 13 17 15 ohlangothini lombhoshongo 13 13 17 15 umbhoshongo feed 13 13 17 15 uphahla lombhoshongo 10 10 10 10 Injini "Inkululeko" "Inkululeko" M-5 M-5 Amandla, h. 400 400 365 365 Ubukhulu. isivinini somgwaqo omkhulu, kumathrekhi/amasondo, km/h 52/72 52/72 53/72 53/72 Ibanga lomgwaqo omkhulu amathrekhi/amasondo, km 160/200 160/200 150/200 150/200 Funda futhi: “Ithangi elikhanyayo i-T-26 (okuhlukile nge-turret eyodwa)” Ukuhlala kwezimoto zokulwa, ezazishisa ehlobo futhi kubanda kakhulu ebusika, kwakushiya kungathandeki. Ukuwohloka okuningi kwakuhlotshaniswa nezinga eliphansi kakhulu lokuqeqeshwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwabasebenzi. Naphezu kwawo wonke amaphutha kanye nobunzima bokusebenza, amathangi e-BT ayethandwa ngamathangi ngezimfanelo zawo ezinhle kakhulu ezishukumisayo, ayezisebenzisa ngokugcwele. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1935, ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca, abasebenzi be-BT base bevele benza ukugxuma okukhulu ezimotweni zabo phezu kwezithiyo ezihlukahlukene zamamitha angu-15-20, futhi izimoto ngazinye "zakwazi" ukugxuma amamitha angu-40. Amathangi I-BT-2s yayisetshenziswa kakhulu ezingxabanweni ezihlomile lapho i-USSR yabamba iqhaza. Kukhona, isibonelo, lokhu kubhekisela okulandelayo ekulweni eMfuleni i-Khalkhin Gol: NgoJulayi 3, amaJapane, ngosizo lwebutho lezempi, awela iKhalkhin Gol futhi athatha indawo eseduze neNtaba iBain-Tsagan. Ibutho lesibili lahamba ngasosebeni lomfula ngenhloso yokunqamula amayunithi ethu ekuweleni futhi licekele phansi amayunithi ethu osebeni olusempumalanga. Ukuze usindise isimo, i-11th Tank Brigade (132 BT-2 kanye ne-BT-5 amathangi) yaphonswa ekuhlaselweni. Amathangi ahamba ngaphandle kokusekelwa kwezingane kanye nezikhali, okwabangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu, kodwa umsebenzi waqedwa: ngosuku lwesithathu, amaJapane axoshwa ezindaweni zawo entshonalanga. Ngemva kwalokhu, kwabusa ukuthula okukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-BT-2 yaba nengxenye eMkhankasweni Wokukhulula entshonalanga ye-Ukraine ngo-1939, eMpini YaseSoviet-Finnish nasenkathini yokuqala yeMpi Enkulu Yokushisekela Izwe. Sekukonke, kusukela ngo-1932 kuya ku-1933. Amathangi angama-208 e-BT-2 akhiqizwa kunguqulo ye-cannon-gun-gun kanye ne-412 enguqulweni yesibhamu somshini. Imithombo: Svirin M.N. “Isivikelo sinamandla. Umlando wethangi laseSoviet. 1919-1937”; G.L. Kholyavsky "The Complete Encyclopedia of Tanks World 1915 - 2000"; Amathangi akhanyayo BT-2 kanye ne-BT-5 [Iqoqo lezikhali 1996-01] (M. Baryatinsky, M. Kolomiets); M. Kolomiets “Amathangi Empini Yasebusika” (“Umfanekiso ongaphambili”); UMikhail Svirin. Amathangi enkathi kaStalin. Super encyclopedia. "Inkathi yegolide yokwakha amathangi aseSoviet"; Shunkov V., "Red Army"; M. Pavlov, I. Zheltov, I. Pavlov. "I-BT Tanks".