Izibhamu ezizimelayo ezilula ezilwa nethangi “Marder” II, “Marder” II Sd.Kfz.131, Sd.Kfz.132

Izibhamu ezizimele ezizimele ezilwa nethangi "Marder" II, “Marder” II Sd.Kfz.131, Sd.Kfz.132 I-self-propelled unit yadalwa ekupheleni kuka-1941 ukuze kuqiniswe ukuzivikela kwe-anti-tank yamasosha aseJalimane. I-chassis yethangi le-T-II laseJalimane eliphelelwe yisikhathi elinamasondo omgwaqo anobubanzi obumaphakathi kanye nokumiswa kwentwasahlobo yeqabunga yasetshenziswa njengesisekelo. Umbhoshongo we-armored conning ufakwe engxenyeni ephakathi yethangi, evulekile phezulu nangemuva. Ikhabethe lalihlome ngezibhamu ezingama-75 mm noma ezingama-50 mm anti-tank noma izibhamu ezithuthukisiwe zaseSoviet ezingama-76,2 mm. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlelwa kwe-tank kwahlala kungashintshiwe: isitshalo samandla sasisemuva, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kanye namasondo okushayela ayengaphambili. Izibhamu ezizishayelayo ezilwa nethangi "Marder" II kusukela ngo-1942 zazisetshenziswa ezimpini ezilwa namathangi ezigabeni zezingane. Ngesikhathi sabo, babeyisikhali esinamandla sokulwa nethangi, kodwa izikhali zabo zazingenele, futhi ukuphakama kwazo kwakuphakeme kakhulu. I-"Waffenamt" yaseJalimane yakhipha umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa izibhamu zokulwa nethangi ezizishayelayo zochungechunge lwe-"Marder" ekupheleni kuka-1941. ekusetshenzisweni kabanzi kwamathangi e-T-34 kanye ne-KV yi-Red Army. Lolu khetho lwalubhekwa njengesixazululo esiphakathi, esikhathini esizayo kwakuhlelwe ukwamukela amathangi okubhubhisa asebenzayo. 7,62 см Рак (R) KU-PZ. I-KPFW. II Ausf.D “MARDER” II – 76,2 mm isibhamu esizishayelayo esilwa nethangi i-Pak36(r) ku-chassis yethangi le-Pz.Kpfw.II Ausf.D/E “Marder”II; umbhubhisi ithangi ku-chassis we-Pz.Kpfw. II Ausf. I-D / E, ihlome ngenganono yeSoviet engu-76,2 mm F-22 eyathunjwa. Ngo-December 20, 1941, u-Alkett wayalwa ukuba afake inganono eyayithunjiwe yaseSoviet engu-76,2-mm F-22, imodeli ka-1936, eyaklanywa u-V.G. Grabina ku-chassis yethangi Pz. Kpfw. II Ausf.D. Iqiniso liwukuthi abaklami baseSoviet, abaholwa ngu-V.G. Grabin, emuva maphakathi nawo-30s, bakubona kudingekile ukushiya izinhlamvu zesibhamu semodeli ka-1902/30, futhi bashintshele ku-ballistics ehlukile, enecala elinamandla kakhulu. Kodwa abalawuli bezikhali ze-Red Army babheka ukwenqatshwa kwe-ballistics "ye-intshi ezintathu" njengokuhlambalaza. Ngakho-ke, i-F-22 yenzelwe ukudubula kwemodeli ka-1902/30. Kodwa umgqomo kanye ne-breech kwakuklanyelwe ukuthi, uma kunesidingo, ungakwazi ukuvele ukhiphe igumbi lokushaja futhi ushintshe ngokushesha ezithombeni ezinomkhono omkhulu kanye neshaja enkulu, ngaleyo ndlela ukhulise isivinini se-muzzle ye-projectile namandla esibhamu. Bekungenzeka futhi ukufaka ibhuleki le-muzzle ukuze limunce ingxenye yamandla okubuyisela emuva. Sd.Kfz.132 “Marder” II Ausf.D/E (Sf) I-“Panzer Selbstfahrlafette” 1 ka-7,62 cm Рак 36(r) ku-“Panzerkampfwagen” II Ausf.D1 kanye ne-D2 AmaJalimane awazisa ngokufanelekile amathuba akhona kulo mklamo. Igumbi lokushaja lesibhamu lalibhodwe ngomkhono omkhulu, ibhuleki le-muzzle lafakwa emgqonyeni. Ngenxa yalokho, isivinini sokuqala se-projectile yokubhoboza izikhali sanda futhi safinyelela cishe ku-750 m / s. Isibhamu asikwazanga ukulwa ne-T-34 kuphela, kodwa futhi ne-KV esindayo. Inkampani yakwa-Alkett ibhekane ngempumelelo nokufakwa kwenganono yaseSoviet endaweni yokulwa ye-Pz.Kpfw.II Ausf.D. I-hull, isikhungo sikagesi, ukuhanjiswa kanye ne-chassis yethangi lesisekelo ahlalanga angashintshile. Ngaphakathi kombhoshongo ohlanganisiwe onezinhlangothi eziphansi, obekwe ophahleni lwethangi, isibhamu esingu-76,2-mm sifakwe eduze kwengemuva, simbozwe ngesihlangu esimise okwe-U. AmaJalimane athumba inqwaba yezinganono ze-F-22 ezisesimweni esihle ehlobo lika-1941. I-75-mm German cannon projectile yabhoboza izikhali eziwugqinsi ezingu-90 mm endaweni yomhlangano yama-degree angu-116 ukusuka ebangeni elingamamitha angu-1000 ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlamvu. ngenganono yePaK40. Amaphrojekthi adutshulwe ezibhamuni ezithuthukisiwe ze-F-22 abhoboze izikhali eziwugqinsi ezingu-1000-mm ukusuka ebangeni elingu-108 m nge-engeli yokuhlangana engu-90 degrees. Ukufakwa okuzihambelayo kwe-anti-tank kwakufakwe izinto ze-ZF3x8 telescopic. Ababhubhisi bamathangi "i-Marder" II nge-F-22 cannon baqala ukungena enkonzweni nge-anti-tank battalions ye-tank kanye nokuhlukana kwezimoto ekuqaleni kwehlobo lika-1942. I-"Marder" yokuqala yamukelwa yi-motorized division "Grossdeutschland". Asetshenziswa emaphethelweni kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kuka-1943, lapho athathelwa indawo ababhubhisi bamathangi abaphumelele kakhulu ku-Pz.Kpfw.38(t) tank chassis. I-oda lokufakwa kabusha kwemishini yezimoto eziyi-150 laqedwa ngoMeyi 12, 1942. Ezinye izicebi zamathangi ezengeziwe ezingama-51 zaphinde zahlonyiswa zisuka emathangini e-Pz.Kpfw.II “Flamm” abuyiswa ukuze zilungiswe. Sekukonke, ezinkampanini ezikhathazayo "Alkett" kanye "Wegmann" kusukela amathangi Pz.Kpfw. II Ausf.D kanye ne-Pz.Kpfw.II "Ramm" 201 ababhubhisi bamathangi "Marder" II baguqulwa. 7,5 см Рак40 ON PZ.KPFW.II AF, “MARDER” II (sd.kfz.131) – Izibhamu ezingama-75-mm ezilwa nethangi ezizishayelayo "Marder" II ku-chassis yethangi Pz.Kpfw.II Ausf.F; umbhubhisi ithangi ku-chassis ye-PzII Ausf. I-AF, ihlome ngesibhamu esilwa nethangi esingu-75mm Rak40. NgoMeyi 13, 1942, emhlanganweni woBuqondisi Bezikhali be-Wehrmacht, udaba lokuba nokwenzeka kokukhiqizwa okwengeziwe kwamathangi e-PzII Ausf.F ngenani lezimoto ezingaba ngu-50 ngenyanga noma ukuguqukela ekukhiqizeni ama-75-mm anti- tank izibhamu self-propelled on the chassis lamathangi kwakucatshangelwa. Kwanqunywa ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-PzII Ausf.F futhi yethule umbhubhisi ithangi ku-chassis yayo, ifakwe isibhamu se-anti-tank esingu-75-mm Rak40, esasisebenza kahle futhi silwa ngokuphumelelayo namathangi aphakathi kwe-Soviet T-34 ngisho. ama-KV anzima. Sd.Kfz.131 “Marder” II Ausf.A/B/C/F(Sf) 7,5cm Рак 40/2 ku-“Chassis Panzerkampfwagen” II (Sf) Ausf.A/B/C/F Injini, ukudluliselwa kanye ne-chassis kuhlala kungashintshiwe emshinini wesisekelo. Isondo elilula elingunxande, elivuliwe phezulu nangemuva, laliphakathi nendawo. Inganono iyiswa phambili. "Marder" II ngesibhamu 75-mm Pak40 waqala ukungena ethangini futhi izigaba motorized we Wehrmacht kanye SS kusukela July 1942. Amayunithi azishayelayo ochungechungeni lwe-Marder ayesekelwe ku-chassis yamathangi aphelelwe yisikhathi, awazi kahle ekukhiqizeni nasekusebenzeni, noma ku-chassis yamathangi aseFrance athunjiwe. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, izibhamu ezizishayelayo zazihlome ngezibhamu ze-German Rheinmetall-Borzing 75 mm PaK40, noma zathumba izibhamu ze-Soviet 76,2 mm F-22 zemodeli yango-1936. Sd.Kfz.131 “Marder” II Umbono wokuthuthukisa ukufakwa kwe-anti-tank okuzihambelayo kwakusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni okuphezulu okungenzeka kwezingxenye ezikhona kanye nemihlangano. Kusukela ngo-Ephreli 1942 kuya kuMeyi 1944, imboni yakhiqiza izibhamu ezingama-2812 ezizishayelayo. Inguqulo yokuqala yochungechunge lwezibhamu ezizishayelelayo ze-Marder ithole igama elithi "Marder" II Sd.Kfz.132. Imishini yochungechunge lwe-Marder ngeke ibalulwe ngempumelelo yedizayini. Zonke izibhamu ezizishayelayo zaziphakeme kakhulu, okwenza kube lula ukuzibona enkundleni yempi, izisebenzi zazingavikelekile ngokwanele ngezikhali ngisho nasekuqhumeni ngezinhlamvu zesibhamu. Indawo yokulwa, evuliwe kusukela phezulu, yadala ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kubasebenzi besibhamu esizishayelayo esimweni sezulu esibi. Noma kunjalo, naphezu kokushiyeka okusobala, izibhamu ezizishayelayo zakwazi ukubhekana ngokuphumelelayo nemisebenzi eyabelwe yona. Izibhamu ezizishayelayo zochungechunge lwe-"Marder" bezisebenza ngamathangi, i-panzergrenadier kanye nezigaba zezingane, imvamisa zisebenza nezimpi ezihlukanisa amathangi ezibhubhisayo, "Panzerjager Abteilung". Sekukonke, ngo-1942-1943, izitshalo ze-FAMO, i-MAN kanye ne-Daimler-Benz ezikhathazayo zakha izibhubhisi zamathangi ze-576 Marder II kanye nezinye ezingu-75 eziguqulwe kusukela emathangini e-Pz.Kpfw.II akhiqizwa ngaphambilini. Ekupheleni kuka-March 1945, i-Wehrmacht yayisinokufakwa kwe-301 Marder II ngesibhamu se-Pak75 esingu-40 mm. Izici ze-Tactical nezobuchwepheshe zezibhamu ezizishayelayo zomndeni we-"Marder".   Pzjg ngi Imodeli Pzjg ngi Inkomba yeqembu Sd.Kfz. 101 Umkhiqizi "I-alkethi" t Chassis PzKfw I  ausf.B Isisindo sokulwa, kg 6 400 Abasebenzi, abantu 3 Ijubane, km / h   - ngomgwaqo omkhulu 40 - ngomgwaqo wezwe 18 Indawo yokugcina amandla, km   - emgwaqeni omkhulu 120 - I phansi 80 Umthamo wethangi likaphethiloli, l 148 Ubude mm 4 420 Ububanzi mm 1 850 Ukuphakama, mm 2 250 Ukucaca mm 295 Ithrekhi ububanzi, mm 280 Injini “Maybach” NL38 TKRM Amandla, h. 100 Imvamisa, rpm 3 000 Isikhali, uhlobo Isivumelwano) Caliber, mm 47 Ubude bomphongolo, i-cal, 43,4 Ekuqaleni isivinini sephrojekthi, m / s   - ukubhoboza izikhali 775 - i-sub-caliber 1070 Izinhlamvu, rds. 68-86 Izibhamu zomshini, inombolo x uhlobo - Caliber, mm - Izinhlamvu, cartridges -   I-Marder II Imodeli "I-Marder" II Inkomba yeqembu Sd.Kfz. 131 Sd.Kfz. 132 Umkhiqizi Kwakhiwe Kwakhiwe Chassis PzKfw II  Yenza u-F. PzKfw II  Ausf.E Isisindo sokulwa, kg 10 800 11 500 Abasebenzi, abantu 4 4 Ijubane, km / h     - ngomgwaqo omkhulu 40 50 - ngomgwaqo wezwe 21 30 Indawo yokugcina amandla, km     - emgwaqeni omkhulu 150   - I phansi 100   Umthamo wethangi likaphethiloli, l 170 200 Ubude mm 6 100 5 600 Ububanzi mm 2 280 2 300 Ukuphakama, mm 2 350 2 600 Ukucaca mm 340 290 Ithrekhi ububanzi, mm 300 300 Injini I-Maybach HL62TRM I-Maybach HL62TRM Amandla, h. 140 140 Imvamisa, rpm 3 000 3 000 Isikhali, uhlobo PaK40/2 I-PaK36 (r) Caliber, mm 75 76,2 Ubude bomphongolo, i-cal, 46 * 54,8 Ekuqaleni isivinini sephrojekthi, m / s     - ukubhoboza izikhali 750 740 - i-sub-caliber 920 960 Izinhlamvu, rds.     Izibhamu zomshini, inombolo x uhlobo 1xMG-34 1xMG-34 Caliber, mm 7,92 7,92 Izinhlamvu, cartridges 9 600 * - Ubude bomphongolo bunikezwa, kucatshangelwa ukubhuleka kwe-muzzle. Impela umgqomo ubude 43 caliber   I-Marder III Imodeli "I-Marder" III Inkomba yeqembu I-Sd.Kfz.138 (H) I-Sd.Kfz.138 (M) Sd.Kfz. 139 Umkhiqizi "BMM" "BMM", "Skoda" "BMM", "Skoda" Chassis PzKpfw 38 (isib) GW 38 (isib) PzKpfw 38 (isib) Isisindo sokulwa, kg 10 600 10 500 11 300 Abasebenzi, abantu 4 4 4 Ijubane, km / h       - ngomgwaqo omkhulu 47 45 42 - ngomgwaqo wezwe   28 25 Indawo yokugcina amandla, km       - emgwaqeni omkhulu 200 210 210 - I phansi 120 140 140 Umthamo wethangi likaphethiloli, l 218 218 218 Ubude mm 5 680 4 850 6 250 Ububanzi mm 2 150 2 150 2 150 Ukuphakama, mm 2 350 2 430 2 530 Ukucaca mm 380 380 380 Ithrekhi ububanzi, mm 293 293 293 Injini "Prague" AC/2800 "Prague" AC/2800 "Prague" AC/2800 Amandla, h. 160 160 160 Imvamisa, rpm 2 800 2 800 2 800 Isikhali, uhlobo PaK40/3 PaK40/3 I-PaK36 (r) Caliber, mm 75 75 76,2 Ubude bomphongolo, i-cal, 46 * 46 * 54,8 Ekuqaleni isivinini sephrojekthi, m / s       - ukubhoboza izikhali 750 750 740 - i-sub-caliber 933 933 960 Izinhlamvu, rds.       Izibhamu zomshini, inombolo x uhlobo 1xMG-34 1xMG-34 1xMG-34 Caliber, mm 7,92 7,92 7,92 Izinhlamvu, cartridges 600   600 * - Ubude bomphongolo bunikezwa, kucatshangelwa ukubhuleka kwe-muzzle. Impela umgqomo ubude 43 caliber  Imithombo: Marder II German Tank Destroyer [Tornado Army Series 65]; Marder II [I-Militaria Publishing House 65]; I-Panzerjager Marder II sdkfz 131 [Igalari Yezithombe Zezikhali 09]; Marder II [I-Militaria Publishing House 209]; UBryan Perrett; UMike Badrocke (1999). I-Sturmartillerie & Panzerjager 1939-45; UJanusz Ledwoch, 1997, izimoto zokulwa zaseJalimane 1933-1945.