I-Lavochkin-La-7
Lavochkin La-7
I-La-5FN yayiyiqhawe eliphumelelayo futhi yenza kahle kakhulu endaweni yokwakhiwa esikhundleni sokhuni. Ngaphambili, lokhu kwakungakabi ngokwanele, ikakhulukazi njengoba amaJalimane ayengahlali engenzi lutho, ethula ama-fighters athuthukisiwe e-Messerschmitt kanye ne-Focke-Wulf. Kwakudingekile ukuthola indlela yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-La-5FN, futhi ungaqalisi indiza entsha ngokuphelele ochungechungeni. Kwakungeyona into elula, kodwa uSemyon Aleksandrovich Lavochkin wabhekana nakho.
Ehlobo-ekwindla ka-1943, S.A. U-Lavochkin usebenze kanzima ekuthuthukiseni isilwi sakhe se-La-5FN ngenjini ye-ASh-82FN. Wayazi ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kungafinyelelwa ngezindlela ezintathu: ngokwandisa amandla eyunithi yamandla kanye nokunciphisa isisindo kanye nokudonsa kwe-aerodynamic. Umgwaqo wokuqala wavalwa ngokushesha ngenxa yamashwa injini M-71 (2200 hp). Okwakusele ukuncishiswa kwesisindo kanye nokucolisiswa kwe-aerodynamic ngokucophelela. Le misebenzi yenziwa ngokubambisana eduze neCentral Institute of Aerohydrodynamics. Imiphumela yabo yayizosetshenziswa kuphrojekthi yempi yesimanje, ama-prototypes amabili azokwakhiwa ngokwesabelo esabekwa yiPeople's Commissariat of the Aviation Industry ngo-Okthoba 29, 1943.
Okokuqala, i-aerodynamic injini casing yavalwa. Kungani? Ngoba umoya, ungena ngaphansi kwe-casing yeyunithi yamandla, uyashisa ngaphakathi, upholise amasilinda ashisayo. Ngakho, umfutho walo moya uyanda futhi uvame ukuphunyuka. Uma iphuma ngaphansi kwamakhethini, ijubane layo liphakeme ngokuhambisanayo, okunikeza umphumela othile wokuhlehla osuswa ekuhuduleni kwendiza yendiza, kunciphise. Kodwa-ke, uma isivalo singavalwanga futhi umoya uphunyuka ngezikhala ezikhona, akukhona nje ukuthi lo mphumela wokuhlehla awukho nje kuphela, kodwa umoya ogeleza ezikhaleni udala isiphithiphithi, okwandisa ukumelana komoya ogeleza eduze kwezindlu. Ushintsho lwesibili olukhulu ku-fighter yesimanje kwaba ukuthi isipholile sikawoyela sahanjiswa sayiswa ngemuva, sisuka ngaphansi kwebhokisi lenjini elingemuva, ngaphansi kwe-fuselage, ngemuva nje komphetho wephiko. Lolu shintsho luphinde lwasiza ukunciphisa ukudonsa, njengoba i-radiator turbulence ayizange yenzeke phambi koxhumano lwe-wing-fuselage, kodwa kuphela ngemuva kwephiko. Njengoba kwenzeka ngesikhathi socwaningo, zombili izixazululo zasiza ukunciphisa ukudonsa, okwaholela ekwandeni kwesivinini esiphezulu nge-24 km / h - ukuvala ikhava yenjini kanye ne-11 km / h - ukuhambisa i-radiator, i.e. 35 km/h.
Lapho ulungiselela ubuchwepheshe be-serial ukuze uvale ikhava yenjini, kuphinde kwanqunywa ukuthi kuncishiswe izimbobo zokungenisa umoya ngemuva kwesembozo seyunithi yamandla, embozwe ngamakhethini. Ukukhipha amanzi amancane kusho umthamo omncane wokupholisa, kodwa ukusebenza kwe-ASh-82FN kubonise ukuthi ijwayele ukushisisa kakhulu kune-ASh-82F, futhi lokhu kuphephile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, injini yathola amapayipi e-exhaust ngamanye esikhundleni sokukhipha amagesi e-exhaust ngokusebenzisa izindawo zomoya zamapayipi angu-10 (ku-La-5FN, amasilinda ayisishiyagalombili ayenepayipi elilodwa lamasilinda amabili futhi ayisithupha ayengawodwa). Ngenxa yalokhu, kwakungenzeka ukuphakamisa imiphetho engezansi ye-deflectors ukusuka phezulu phezulu kwephiko lapho kuhlangana khona i-fuselage, futhi futhi ukuhambisa indawo ye-air turbulence (umoya ogeleza usuka kuma-deflectors wawugcwele ama-vortices) . kude nophiko.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungena komoya kwenjini kwasuswa engxenyeni engenhla ye-casing yeyunithi yamandla kuya engxenyeni engezansi, okuthuthukise ukubonakala endaweni yabashayeli futhi kwenza kube lula ngomshayeli ukuthi ahlose, kwethulwa izembozo zegiya lokuhlala ezengeziwe. amboze amasondo ngokuphelele ngemva kokuba ehoxisiwe, lungisa ukuguquka kwephiko-fuselage futhi ukhiphe izimpondo zesiteshi somsakazo we-mast ngokwethula uthi olungenamastless emsileni ome mpo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isinxephezelo sokuphakama kwe-axial senyusiwe sisuka ku-20% saya ku-23%, okunciphisa umzamo kunduku yokulawula. Lezi zixazululo zibe nomthelela ekwehlisweni okwengeziwe kokudonsa kwe-aerodynamic, okuholele ekwenyukeni kwesivinini esikhulu ngomunye u-10-15 km/h.
Zonke lezi zinguquko zenziwa ekwakhiweni kabusha kwe-La-5FN ngenombolo ye-serial 39210206. Ucwaningo lwakhe e-Flight Test Institute of the People's Commissariat of the Aviation Industry esikhumulweni sezindiza iZhukovsky lwaqala ngo-December 14, 1943, kodwa ukuhlolwa kwendiza kwahluleka isikhathi eside. isikhathi ngenxa yesimo sezulu esinzima . Ayizange indize okokuqala kwaze kwaba nguJanuwari 30, 1944, kodwa ngenxa yokwehluleka ngoFebhuwari 10, azikho izindiza eziningi ezenziwa kuyo. Umshayeli wendiza u-Nikolai V. Adamovich kwadingeka ashiye indiza ne-parachute ngemva komlilo wenjini ongenakucisha.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kwaqedwa ukwakhiwa kabusha kwe-La-5FN yesibili, enenombolo ye-serial 45210150 futhi yathola igama elithi La-5 yemodeli yokukhiqiza ka-1944. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi, ngokungafani namasampuli angaphambili lapho izixazululo ngazinye zahlolwa khona, kulokhu ukuqokwa kwefekthri kohlobo z kwashintshwa. I-“39” (La-5FN ene-wood wing spar) noma “41” (La-5FN ene-metal wing spar) ukuya ku-“45”. Kulo mshini, i-casing ye-injini yayivalwe futhi, ukungena komoya enjinini kwahlukaniswa kwaba iziteshi ezimbili futhi kwadluliselwa ezingxenyeni ze-fuselage zesigaba sesikhungo (izibambo ezimbili ezinhlangothini zombili ze-fuselage zabe sezixhunywe phezulu, kusukela lapho. umoya wawuqondiswe ku-compressor yomoya ngokusebenzisa i-air duct) kanye nezinsimbi zamaphiko ensimbi, lapho izimbambo zokhuni kanye ne-delta wood planking zazinamathiselwe. Umkhiqizo omusha kwakuyi-VISz-105W-4 propeller, eyayinamathiphu e-blade anephrofayili ekhethekile ye-perimonic ukunciphisa ukumelana namagagasi amathiphu e-blade, esondela isivinini somsindo ngesivinini esikhulu. Olunye ushintsho kwaba ukusetshenziswa kwezibhamu ezintathu ze-B-20 esikhundleni sezimbili ze-SP-20 (ShVAK), zombili izinga elingu-20 mm. Amagiya okuhlalisa amakhulu abemade ngo-8 cm kunalawo e-La-5FN, kanti amasondo angemuva abemafishane. Lokhu kwandisa i-engeli yokupaka yendiza kanye nokumelana ne-rollover lapho i-throttle isetshenziswa ngokushesha kakhulu phakathi nokusuka noma lapho ibhuleka kakhulu ngesikhathi ifika.
