Lada Niva - Soviet SUV

Engxenyeni yokuqala ye-469, i-UAZ 408 yafakwa ekukhiqizeni - i-SUV yaseSpartan, eyaziwa kakhulu ngomsebenzi wayo embuthweni wamasosha, amaphoyisa, futhi kamuva emaphoyiseni asePoland. Umklamo olula kakhulu wemoto uqinisekisa ukulungiswa okulula futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo cishe i-zero induduzo emgwaqeni. Iziphathimandla zaseSoviet Union zaqondisa ukukhiqizwa kwemoto ikakhulukazi ezidingweni zezikhungo zomthetho. Izinga lemigwaqo yaseSoviet lalisho ukushoda okucacile kwemoto enekhono eliphakeme lokunqamula izwe kuneMoskvich 2101 noma iLada XNUMX.

Emuva ngo-1971, kwadwetshwa amaphrojekthi okuqala eSUV encane kune-UAZ, eyayilungiselelwe ekuqaleni ngomzimba ovulekile. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva kwanqunywa ukudala inguqulo ngomzimba ovaliwe. Umklamo nawo usuthuthuke kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi ngokwesitayela.

Umzimba we-Niva wawuhluke kakhulu kwamanye ama-SUV akhiqizwa e-USSR kangangokuthi kuze kube namuhla kukhona amahemuhemu okuthi iziphathimandla zaseSoviet Union zathenga ilayisensi yomzimba (noma yonke imoto) kumaNtaliyane. Lokhu kungenzeka ngoba abakwaFiat babambisane ne-USSR kanye namanye amazwe e-bloc ngokuthengisa amalayisensi ezimoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho: Kusukela ngeminyaka yama-2101s, iCampagnola SUV isiphumile kulayini wokuhlanganisa wakwa-Fiat, ngakho-ke ubuchwepheshe beSUV bebungajwayelekile kubasiki bengqephu base-Italy. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iLada Niva yayiyiphrojekthi yeSoviet ngokuphelele noma cha; akungabazeki ukuthi isisekelo sayo sezobuchwepheshe sasebenzisa izixazululo zase-Italy ezaziwa ngabaklami baseSoviet, isibonelo, ngokusho kukaLada.

Isici esiphawulekayo seZhiguli kwakuyisakhiwo somzimba esizisekelayo, esiqinisekisa isisindo esilula semoto. Ama-SUV ahlanzekile akhiwe ngesisekelo sohlaka, okwandisa ikhono lokuwela izwe, kodwa futhi nesisindo. Ngakho-ke i-Niva empeleni yayiyi-SUV engu-'65 - yayibukeka njenge-SUV, kodwa empeleni yayifaneleka kakhulu emizileni yasehlathini kunezindawo ezimbi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, umuntu akakwazi ukuphika amakhono amahle angaphandle komgwaqo we-Lada ethulwe - izobhekana ngokuphelele ne-ford engu-58-centimeter futhi ikhuphuke igquma elinomthambeko ofika kumadigri.

Ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto kwaqala ngo-1977 futhi kusaqhubeka nanamuhla! Yiqiniso, ukuthuthukiswa okuningi kuye kwenziwa phakathi neminyaka, kodwa uhlamvu lwe-Niva luye lwahlala lufana. Ekuqaleni, ngaphansi kwe-hood kwakukhona iyunithi encane kaphethiloli enevolumu engaba amalitha angu-1,6 namandla angaphansi kuka-75 hp. Namuhla, imoto ehlinzekwa emakethe yasePoland (imodeli 21214) inenjini engu-1.7 enamandla angu-83 hp. Naphezu kokwanda kwamandla kanye nomklamo wesimanje kancane (umjovo kaphethiloli onamachweba amaningi), imoto ayibonisi ukusebenza kahle - isheshisa ngokulambisa ku-137 km / h, okwenza umsindo omangalisayo. Ukunethezeka kwedolobha nomgwaqo omkhulu kubi kakhulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kungabangela ukushaya kwenhliziyo. Ngokusho komkhiqizi, i-Niva idinga amalitha angu-8 kaphethiloli ngisho nangaphandle kwedolobha, futhi ekushayeleni okuxubile kufanele ucabangele ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okungu-9,5 amalitha. Isitayela sokushayela esinolaka sizokwenza ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kukhuphuke nakakhulu, futhi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamandla, ngokuvamile kufanele "ushaye phansi" ngisho nalapho ushayela edolobheni.

Ngo-1998, inguqulo entsha ye-Niva (2123) yamenyezelwa, ngokusekelwe ekwakhiweni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa, kodwa inikeza i-silhouette ekhangayo. Kule nguqulo, imoto iye yakhiqizwa kusukela ngo-2001 ngaphansi brand "Chevrolet Niva". Imoto ifakwe injini yaseRussia engu-1.7 enamandla angu-80 hp. noma injini engu-1.8 yakwa-Opel, ekhiqiza amandla angu-125 amahhashi, ifaneleka kakhulu imoto yalolu hlobo. Kuzo zombili izimo, i-Niva inikeza unomphela wonke amasondo kanye nokusheshisa ku-17 km/h ngemizuzwana engu-100. Inguqulo ethunyelwa ngaphandle enenjini yakwaGeneral Motors izohamba ngesivinini ifinyelele ku-165 km/h. Isilinganiso esisetshenziswa uphethiloli singamalitha ayi-7-10. Imodeli eyenzelwe imakethe yasekhaya iyonga kakhulu kuphethiloli - idla amalitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-12 kaphethiloli. Imoto idayiswa ngohlobo olunomzimba onezicabha ezinhlanu (ovuleke i-trunk eceleni), kanye neveni kanye neloli. Njengamanje, le modeli ye-Niva ayitholakali ePoland, kodwa abathandi bomcabango wezobuchwepheshe baseSoviet bangathenga i-Lada 4x4, okungukuthi, i-Niva 21214 enomzimba omdala kanye nenjini engu-1.7 ehlangabezana nezinga le-Euro 5. Imoto kule nguqulo iyatholakala cishe.. I-PLN, engakwenzi kube imoto eshibhe kakhulu esigabeni!

Kuze kube yamuva, inzuzo enkulu ye-Niva yayiyintengo ephansi, kodwa namuhla ingaphansi kwezinkulungwane ze-40. PLN, ungathenga iDacia Duster yesimanje enenjini engu-1.6 enamandla angu-110 hp. Imoto iqinisekisa ukunethezeka okuphezulu kokushayela, ukusetshenziswa kancane kukaphethiloli, kodwa ensimini ngeke ibe nesibindi ngenxa yokuthi ayinayo i-4x4 drive. Alikho futhi ithuba lokuthi sizothenga i-Duster clutch ye-PLN 200 nesibani se-PLN 80. Ku-Niva, kulula ukuthola izingxenye ezisele ngamanani aphansi kangaka nathi.

Unyawo. Isibaya