I-Quantum Information Theory
U-Polyak ushicilele iphepha lapho igama livela okokuqala: ithiyori yolwazi lwe-quantum. NgoJuni, lesi esinye sezigaba ezaziwa kakhulu ze-physics ye-theory sigubha iminyaka emibili: iminyaka engu-40 yokuba khona kwayo kanye nokugubha iminyaka engu-90 yokuzalwa komdala. Ngo-1975 uProf. U-Roman S. Ingarden ovela e-Institute of Physics of the Nicolaus Copernicus University e-Torun ushicilele umsebenzi wakhe othi "Quantum Theory of Information".
Roman S. Inngarden
Lo msebenzi wethula okokuqala umdwebo wesakhiwo esihlelekile sethiyori yolwazi lwe-quantum, manje osekungenye yezindawo "ezishisa kakhulu" ze-physics. Abantu abaningi bahambela ukuzalwa kwakhe. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-60s kanye nama-70s, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-prof. Ingarden eMnyangweni Wezibalo Zezibalo waseNyuvesi yaseNicolaus Copernicus eTorun, kwenziwa ucwaningo ngobudlelwano phakathi kwethiyori yolwazi neminye imibono eyisisekelo yefiziksi yesimanje. Ngaleso sikhathi, amaphepha amaningi esayensi adalwe, lapho amaphethini okunyakaza kolwazi ezinkambisweni ze-thermodynamic kanye ne-quantum afundwa. “Ngaleyo minyaka, kwakuyindlela entsha kakhulu, uhlobo lokusebenzisa ingqondo ngokweqile, ukulinganisa emngceleni we-physics nefilosofi. Ezweni, ingabe wayenesixuku esincane sabalandeli abavame ukuvakashela isikhungo sethu ukuze basebenze ngokuqondile nethimba likaProfessor Ingarden? ? kusho uphrof. Andrzej Jamiolkowski we-Institute of Physics e-Nicolaus Copernicus University. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho imiqondo ye-generator yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kaLindblad-Kossakovsky kanye ne-isomorphism ye-Yamiolkovsky, evame ukusetshenziswa namuhla, yethulwa ku-physics yethiyori. uphrof. I-Ingarden ibonakale inemba mayelana nokubaluleka okuyisisekelo komqondo wolwazi ku-physics.
Ngama-90s, ngenxa yentuthuko esheshayo yezindlela zokuhlola ze-quantum physics, ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izinto ze-quantum ezifana nama-photons ukugcina nokudlulisa ulwazi. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kwavula indlela yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha bokusebenza okuphezulu kokuxhumana kwe-quantum. Imiphumela yavusa isasasa elikhulu emhlabeni wesayensi nobuchwepheshe. Ithiyori yolwazi ye-Quantum isiphenduke igatsha eligcwele futhi elinemfashini ngokwedlulele lefiziksi yesimanje. Njengamanje, izindaba ezihlobene nolwazi lwe-quantum ziyafundwa ezikhungweni zocwaningo emhlabeni jikelele; lena ngenye yezindawo ezidume kakhulu nezithuthukayo zefiziksi enekusasa elihle.
Amakhompyutha anamuhla asebenza ngokwemithetho ye-classical physics. Kodwa-ke, amasekhethi e-elekthronikhi aba mancane kangangokuthi uzobona ngokushesha imiphumela eyisici somhlaba we-quantum. Khona-ke yona kanye inqubo ye-miniaturization izosiphoqa ukuthi siguqule imithetho yomdlalo kusukela ku-classical kuya ku-quantum, ichaza amathuba okuthuthukiswa kwe-quantum computing, uDkt. Milos Michalsky ovela eMnyangweni We-Theoretical Physics we-Institute of Physics of the Nicolaus Copernicus. Inyuvesi. . Ulwazi lwe-Quantum lunezinto eziningi ezingezona enembile, njengokungakwazi ukukopishwa, kuyilapho ukukopisha ulwazi lwakudala akuyona inkinga. Futhi muva nje kwaziwa ukuthi ulwazi lwe-quantum lungaba lubi, okumangazayo ikakhulukazi, ngoba ngokuvamile silindele ukuthi uhlelo, oluthole ingxenye yolwazi, luzoqukatha okuningi kwalo. Kodwa-ke, okuphawuleka kakhulu, ngokombono womuntu wakudala, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo impahla engaba usizo kakhulu yezifunda ze-quantum njengabathwali bolwazi lwe-quantum yikhono lokudala ama-superpositions wezifundazwe ezivela kubo.
Amakhompiyutha esimanje asebenza ngezingcezu zakudala, okuthi noma nini angaba sezifundazweni ezimbili, ngokwemibandela ebizwa ngokuthi "0" kanye "1". Ama-Quantum bits ahlukile: angaba khona kunoma iyiphi ingxube (i-superposition) yezifunda, futhi kuphela uma siwafunda, amanani athatha inani elithi "0" noma "1". Umehluko ungabonakala ngokwanda kwenani lolwazi olucutshungulwayo. Ikhompuyutha yakudala engu-10-bit ingacubungula kuphela izifunda ezingu-1024 (2^10) zerejista enjalo ngesinyathelo esisodwa, kodwa ikhompuyutha ye-quantum-bit ingazicubungula zonke? futhi ngesinyathelo esisodwa.
Ukwandisa inani lamabhithi e-quantum, yithi, i-100 kuzovula ithuba lokucubungula izifundazwe ezingaphezu kwezigidigidi zezigidigidi ngomjikelezo owodwa. Ngakho-ke, ikhompuyutha esebenza enenani elanele lamabhithi e-quantum, ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, ingakwazi ukusebenzisa ama-algorithms athile okucubungula idatha ye-quantum, isibonelo, lawo ahlobene nokufakwa kwezinombolo zemvelo ezinkulu zibe izici eziyinhloko. Esikhundleni sokubala izigidi zeminyaka, umphumela uyobe usulungile emahoreni ambalwa nje noma ngisho nemizuzu.
Imininingwane ye-Quantum isivele ilutholile uhlelo lwayo lokuqala lokuhweba. Amadivayisi we-cryptography we-quantum, izindlela zokubethela idatha lapho imithetho ye-quantum yokucubungula ulwazi iqinisekisa ukugcinwa okuyimfihlo okuphelele kokuqukethwe okushintshiwe, sekukhona emakethe iminyaka eminingana. Okwamanje, ukubethela kwe-quantum kusetshenziswa amanye amabhange, esikhathini esizayo ubuchwepheshe cishe buzohluleka futhi buvumele, isibonelo, ukuthengiselana okuvikeleke ngokuphelele kwe-ATM noma ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi. Ishicilelwa kabili ngenyanga "Imibiko nge-Mathematics Physics", ethula umsebenzi wokuphayona ka-prof. I-Ingarden Quantum Information Theory, ingenye yezincwadi ezimbili ezishicilelwe uMnyango Wezibalo Zezibalo we-Institute of Physics of the Nicolaus Copernicus University; enye ithi "Open Systems and Information Dynamics". Womabili amajenali asohlwini lwe-Philadelphia Thomson Scientific Master Journal lwamajenali esayensi anethonya elikhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-"Open Systems and Information Dynamics" ifakwe eqenjini lamajenali esayensi yesi-Polish amane (kwangu-60) anamaphuzu aphezulu kakhulu ezikhundleni zoMnyango Wezesayensi Nezemfundo Ephakeme. (Lokhu kwaziswa kusekelwe ekukhululweni kwabezindaba okuvela Elabhorethri Kazwelonke ye-Quantum Technologies kanye ne-Institute of Physics yase-Nicolaus Copernicus University e-Toruń)
