I-Xenon: iyini nokuthi isebenza kanjani

Abanye abanikazi bezimoto abanaki kangako izinga lamalambu kuze kube yilapho bebona ukuthi ebusuku nasesimweni sezulu esibi, banombono omubi ngokwedlulele womgwaqo nokuthi yini engaphambili. Amalambu eXenon ahlinzeka ngokukhanyisa okungcono nokukhanyayo kunamalambu ejwayelekile e-halogen. Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka ukuthi yini i-xenon (amalambu we-xenon), ukuthi asebenza kanjani, nobuhle nobubi bokuzifaka.

I-Xenon ne-halogen: uyini umehluko

Ngokungafani nezibani zendabuko ze-halogen incandescent ezisebenzisa i-halogen gas, amalambu e-xenon asebenzisa igesi le-xenon. Kuyinto enegesi engakhipha ukukhanya okumhlophe okukhanyayo lapho kudlula amandla kagesi kuyo. Izibani zeXenon zibizwa nangokuthi Amalambu Okukhipha Okukhulu Okuphezulu noma ama-HID.

Ngo-1991, ama-BMW 7 Series sedans kwakuyizimoto zokuqala ukusebenzisa i-xenon headlight system. Kusukela lapho, abenzi bezimoto abakhulu bafaka lezi zinhlelo zokukhanyisa kumamodeli abo. Ngokuvamile, ukufakwa kwamalambu e-xenon kukhombisa isigaba esiphakeme nezindleko ezikhuphukile zemoto.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-xenon ne-bi-xenon?

I-Xenon ithathwa njengegesi ehamba phambili yokugcwalisa isibani esisetshenziselwa ukukhanya kwemoto. Ishisisa umcu we-tungsten cishe ufinyelele endaweni encibilikayo, futhi izinga lokukhanya kulezi zibani liseduze ngangokunokwenzeka emini.

Kodwa ukuze isibani singashi ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu, umenzi akasebenzisi i-incandescent filament kuwo. Esikhundleni salokho, ama-bulb alolu hlobo anama-electrode amabili, lapho kwakhiwa khona i-arc kagesi ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesibani. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezibani ze-halogen zendabuko, uzakwabo we-xenon udinga amandla amancane ukuze asebenze (amaphesenti angu-11 vs. 40%). Ngenxa yalokhu, i-xenon ibiza kancane ngokuya kagesi: ukukhanya kwe-3200 lumens (ngokumelene ne-1500 kuma-halogens) ekusetshenzisweni kwe-35-40 W (ngokumelene nama-watts angu-55-60 kumalambu e-halogen ajwayelekile).

Ukuze kube nokukhanya okungcono, izibani ze-xenon, yiqiniso, zinesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi uma kuqhathaniswa nama-halogen. Isibonelo, ama-volts angu-12 awanele ukuthungela kanye nokusha kwegesi okulandelayo. Ukuze uvule isibani, i-charge enkulu iyadingeka, ehlinzekwa yi-module yokushisa noma i-transformer eguqula ama-volts angu-12 abe yi-pulse high-voltage yesikhashana (cishe izinkulungwane ezingama-25 kanye nemvamisa ye-400 hertz).

Ngakho-ke, lapho ukukhanya kwe-xenon kuvuliwe, kukhiqizwa ukukhanya okukhanyayo. Ngemuva kokuthi isibani siqale, imojula yokushisa inciphisa ukuguqulwa kwama-volts angu-12 kuya ku-DC voltage esifundeni esingu-85 V.

Ekuqaleni, izibani ze-xenon zazisetshenziselwa kuphela i-beam ephansi, futhi imodi ye-high beam yanikezwa isibani se-halogen. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abakhiqizi bezibani zezimoto baye bakwazi ukuhlanganisa izindlela ezimbili zokukhanya zibe yiyunithi eyodwa yokukhanya. Eqinisweni, i-xenon iyisigxobo esicwilisiwe kuphela, futhi i-bi-xenon izindlela ezimbili zokukhanya.

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokunikeza isibani se-xenon ngezindlela ezimbili zokukhanya:

1. Ngokufaka ikhethini elikhethekile, okuyinto kwimodi ye-beam ephansi inqamula ingxenye yesibani sokukhanya ukuze ingxenye yomgwaqo kuphela eseduze nemoto ikhanyiswe. Lapho umshayeli evula i-beam ephezulu, lo mthunzi uhlehliswa ngokuphelele. Eqinisweni, lesi sibani esihlala sisebenza kumodi eyodwa yokukhanya - kude, kodwa sizobe sifakwe indlela eyengeziwe ehambisa ikhethini endaweni oyifunayo.
2. Ukwabiwa kabusha kwe-flux ekhanyayo kwenzeka ngenxa yokugudluzwa kwesibani ngokwaso ngokuhlobene nesibonisi. Kulokhu, isibani sokukhanya siphinde sikhanye kumodi efanayo, ngenxa nje yokugudluka komthombo wokukhanya, i-beam yokukhanya ihlanekezelwe.

Njengoba zombili izinguqulo ze-bi-xenon zidinga ukunakwa okunembile kwejometri yekhethini noma ukuma kwesibonisi, umnikazi wemoto ubhekene nomsebenzi onzima ekukhetheni kahle ukukhanya kwe-xenon esikhundleni se-halogen eyodwa evamile. Uma inketho engalungile ikhethiwe (lokhu kwenzeka kaningi), ngisho nakwimodi ye-beam ephansi, abashayeli bezimoto ezizayo bazophuphuthekiswa.

Yiziphi izibani ze-xenon?

Amalambu e-Xenon angasetshenziswa ekukhanyeni kwanoma iyiphi injongo: nge-beam ephansi, i-high beam nama-foglights. Amalambu acwilisiwe abhalwe ukuthi D. Ukukhanya kwawo kungu-4300-6000 K.

Kukhona amalambu aneyunithi yokuthungela edidiyelwe esisekelweni. Kulokhu, ukumaka umkhiqizo kuzoba yi-D1S. Izibani ezinjalo kulula ukuzifaka kumalambu ajwayelekile. Ezibani zangaphambili ezifakwe amalensi, ukumaka kubhalwe ukuthi i-D2S (izimoto zaseYurophu) noma i-D4S (izimoto zaseJapan).

Isisekelo esinegama H sisetshenziselwa ugongolo olucwilisiwe. I-Xenon ephawulwe ngokuthi H3 ifakwe kuma-foglights (kukhona nezinketho ze-H1, H8 noma H11). Uma kunombhalo we-H4 esisekelweni sesibani, lezi yizinketho ze-bi-xenon. Ukukhanya kwabo kuyahlukahluka phakathi kwe-4300-6000 K. Amakhasimende anikezwa ama-shades amaningana okukhanya: okubandayo okumhlophe, okumhlophe nokumhlophe okuphuzi.

Phakathi kwezibani ze-xenon, kunezinketho ezinesisekelo se-HB. Zenzelwe izibani zenkungu nemishayo ephezulu. Ukuze uthole ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwesibani okufanele uthenge, kufanele ubheke imanuwali yomkhiqizi wemoto.

Idivayisi yamalambu eXenon

Izibani zeXenon zakhiwe ngezinto eziningi:

Isibani sokukhishwa kwegesi

Leli yibhalbhu le-xenon uqobo, eliqukethe igesi le-xenon kanye namanye amagesi. Lapho ugesi ufika kule ngxenye yohlelo, ukhiqiza ukukhanya okumhlophe okukhanyayo. Iqukethe ama-electrode lapho ugesi "ukhishwa".

I-Xenon ballast

Le divayisi ibasa ingxube yegesi ngaphakathi kwesibani se-xenon. Izinhlelo zesizukulwane sesine iXenon HID zingaletha kufika ku-30 ​​kV high voltage pulse. Le ngxenye ilawula ukuqala kwamalambu e-xenon, ivumela isigaba sokusebenza esihle ukuthi sifinyelelwe ngokushesha. Lapho isibani sisebenza ngokukhanya okukhulu, i-ballast iqala ukulawula amandla adluliswa ohlelweni ukugcina ukukhanya. I-ballast iqukethe isiguquli seDC / DC esivumela ukuthi ikhiqize amandla kagesi adingekayo ukunika amandla isibani nezinye izinto zikagesi kuhlelo. Futhi iqukethe isifunda sebhuloho esinikezela ngohlelo ngamandla kagesi angama-300 Hz AC.

Ukushisa iyunithi

Njengoba igama liphakamisa, le ngxenye ibangela ukulethwa kwe- "spark" module ye-xenon light. Ixhuma ku-xenon ballast futhi ingaqukatha ukuvikelwa kwensimbi kuya ngemodeli yesizukulwane sohlelo.

Asebenza kanjani amalambu e-xenon

Izibani ezijwayelekile ze-halogen zidlulisa ugesi ngentambo ye-tungsten ngaphakathi kwesibani. Njengoba isibani siqukethe negesi ye-halogen, sithintana nentambo ye-tungsten, ngaleyo ndlela siyifudumeze futhi siyivumele ukuthi ikhanye.

Izibani zeXenon zisebenza ngokuhlukile. Izibani ze-Xenon aziqukethe intambo; esikhundleni salokho, igesi le-xenon ngaphakathi kwe-bulb likhonjisiwe.

1. Ukuthungela
   Uma uvula i-xenon headlight, ugesi ugeleza ungene ku-ballast uye kuma-electrode e-bulb. Lokhu kuyasha futhi kukhanyise i-xenon.
2. Ukushisa
   Ionization yenhlanganisela yegesi iholela ekukhuleni okusheshayo kwezinga lokushisa.
3. Isibani esikhanyayo
   I-xenon ballast ihlinzeka ngamandla wesibani ahlala cishe ama-watts angama-35. Lokhu kuvumela isibani ukuthi sisebenze ngokugcwele, sinikeze ukukhanya okumhlophe okukhanyayo.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi igesi ye-xenon isetshenziswa kuphela esigabeni sokuqala sokukhanyisa. Njengoba amanye amagesi angaphakathi kwe-bulb e-ion, athatha indawo ye-xenon futhi anikeze ukukhanya okukhanyayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungase kuthathe isikhathi - ngokuvamile imizuzwana embalwa - ngaphambi kokuthi ubone ukukhanya okukhanyayo okukhiqizwa ukukhanya kwe-xenon.

Izinzuzo zamalambu e-xenon

Igilobhu le-watt xenon elingu-35 lingaletha ukukhanya okungafika kuma-3000. Isibani se-halogen esingaqhathaniswa singathola ukukhanya okungu-1400 kuphela. Ukushisa kombala kohlelo lwe-xenon nakho kulingisa izinga lokushisa kwemini yemvelo, ebanga ukusuka ku-4000 kuya ku-6000 Kelvin. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amalambu e-halogen akhipha isibani esimhlophe ngokuphuzi.

Ukusabalala okubanzi

Akukona nje kuphela ukuthi izibani ezifihliwe zikhiqiza ukukhanya okukhanyayo, okungokwemvelo ngokwengeziwe; zinikeza nokukhanyisa ezansi nomgwaqo. Ama-Xenon bulbs ahamba ebanzi futhi aya kude kunama-halogen bulbs, akuvumela ukuthi ushayele okuphephe kakhulu ebusuku ngejubane eliphezulu.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngendlela efanele

Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ama-xenon bulbs azodinga amandla amaningi lapho eqala. Kodwa-ke, ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile badla amandla amancane kakhulu kunezinhlelo ze-halogen. Lokhu kubenza bonge amandla kagesi; yize inzuzo ingaba ncane kakhulu ukuthi ingabonwa.

Ukusebenza komsebenzi

Isibani se-halogen esimaphakathi singahlala amahora angama-400 kuya kwangu-600. Ama-Xenon ama angasebenza kuze kufike kumahora we-5000. Ngeshwa, i-xenon isasalele emuva kwesikhathi sempilo ye-LED yamahora angama-25.

ukukhanya okuphezulu

I-Xenon inokukhanya okuphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwamalambu akhipha igesi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-optics anjalo azohlinzeka ngokuphepha okuphezulu emgwaqeni ngenxa yokukhanya okungcono komgwaqo. Yiqiniso, kulokhu udinga ukukhetha kahle ama-bulb uma i-xenon ifakwe esikhundleni se-halogens ukuze ukukhanya kungaboni ithrafikhi ezayo.

Izinga lokushisa lombala elingcono kakhulu

Okuhlukile kwe-xenon ukuthi ukukhanya kwayo kusondele kakhulu ekukhanyeni kwasemini kwemvelo. Ngenxa yalokhu, umgwaqo ubonakala ngokucacile lapho kuhwalala, ikakhulukazi uma lina.

Ukukhanya okukhanyayo ezimweni ezinjalo kunciphisa ukudonsa kwamehlo omshayeli futhi kuvimbela ukukhathala okusheshayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-halogen akudala, ama-xenon halogen angaba nombala ophuzi ohambisana nokukhanya kwenyanga ngobusuku obucwathile kuye kokumhlophe okupholile okufana nokukhanya kwasemini ngosuku olucwathile.

Kukhiqizwa ukushisa okuncane

Njengoba izibani ze-xenon zingasebenzisi i-filament, umthombo wokukhanya ngokwawo awukhiqizi ukushisa okukhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ngenxa yalokhu, amandla awachithwa ekushiseni intambo. Kuma-halogen, ingxenye enkulu yamandla isetshenziswa ekushiseni, hhayi ekukhanyeni, yingakho ingafakwa ezibanini ezikhanyayo ngengilazi kunepulasitiki.

Okubi kwamalambu e-xenon

Yize amalambu e-xenon ahlinzeka ngokukhanya okufana nokukhanya kwemini okufana nokukhanya, anezinkinga ezithile.

Ibiza impela

Amalambu eXenon abiza kakhulu kunamalambu e-halogen. Yize zingabizi kakhulu kunama-LED, ubude besikhathi sokuphila bokuthi uzodinga ukufaka isibani sakho se-xenon okungenani amahlandla ama-5 ngaphambi kokuthi udinge ukufaka i-LED.

Ukubengezela okuphezulu

Izinga elibi noma i-xenon eshungelwe ngendlela engafanele ingaba yingozi kubashayeli abadlulayo. I-glare ingakhanyisa abashayeli futhi idale izingozi.

Ukwenza kabusha kusuka kumalambu we-halogen

Uma usuvele unezibani ze-halogen ezifakiwe, ukufaka uhlelo lwe-xenon ukukhanyisa kungaba nzima kakhulu futhi kubize. Vele, inketho engcono kakhulu ukuthi ube ne-xenon emkhombeni.

Kuthatha isikhathi ukufinyelela ukukhanya okugcwele

Ukuvula ukukhanya kwe-halogen kukunikeza ukugqama okugcwele ngaphandle kwesikhashana. Ngesibani se-xenon, kuzothatha imizuzwana embalwa ukuthi isibani sifudumale futhi sifinyelele emandleni okusebenza aphelele.

Amalambu akwaXenon athandwa kakhulu kulezi zinsuku ngenxa yokugqama akunika wona. Njengawo wonke umuntu, lolu hlelo lokukhanyisa imoto lunobuhle nobubi balo. Linganisa lezi zinto ukuthola ukuthi udinga i-xenon.

Shiya umbono wakho nolwazi lokusebenzisa i-xenon kumazwana - sizoxoxa ngakho!

Yini iXenon / LED / Halogen engcono? Ukuqhathanisa amalambu aphezulu. Ukulinganisa ukukhanya.

Ungakhetha kanjani i-xenon?

Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi i-xenon idinga ukufakwa okunekhono, uma kungekho isipiliyoni noma ulwazi oluqondile ekufakweni kwe-optics yemoto, kungcono ukwethemba ochwepheshe. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ukuthuthukisa i-head optics, kwanele ukuthenga isibani ngesisekelo esifanele. Eqinisweni, i-xenon idinga izibonisi ezikhethekile ezizoqondisa kahle i-beam yokukhanya. Kulokhu kuphela, ngisho ne-beam ecwilisiwe ngeke iphuphuthekise abashayeli bezimoto ezizayo.

Ochwepheshe besevisi yemoto ekhethekile bazoncoma ukuthenga amalambu angcono futhi abiza kakhulu, okufanelekile kulokhu. Uma imoto ifakwe izibani xenon embonini, ungakwazi ukukhetha analogue ngokwakho. Kodwa ngisho noma ufuna ukufaka i-bi-xenon, kungcono ukuxhumana nesiteshi sesevisi esikhethekile.

Indlela yokufaka i-xenon?

Uma ufuna "ukumpompa" ukukhanya kwekhanda lemoto, ungathenga amalambu e-LED esikhundleni sama-halogen ajwayelekile, kodwa asebenza kangcono njengamalambu asemini noma ukukhanya kwangaphakathi. Izinga eliphezulu kakhulu nokukhanya okunamandla kunikezwa i-laser optics. Nokho, lobu buchwepheshe ngeke butholakale maduze kubashayeli abajwayelekile.

Njengoba sesivele sitholile, ama-halogen aphansi ngezindlela eziningi ngekhwalithi nokuthembeka kumalambu e-xenon. Futhi ngisho noma imoto evela emgqeni womhlangano ifakwe i-halogen optics, ingashintshwa ngomlingani we-xenon.

Kodwa kungcono ukuthi ungathuthukisi i-head optics ngokwakho, ngoba ekugcineni kuzosetshenziswa isikhathi esiningi ukusetha izibani ezingafaneleki, futhi kusadingeka uphendukele kochwepheshe.

Ividiyo ngesihloko

Nansi ividiyo emfushane mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izibani ezikhanya kangcono:

Izibani ze-Xenon. Ukukhetha okugqama kakhulu

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Iyini i-xenon emotweni? I-Xenon igesi esetshenziswa ukugcwalisa amalambu ezimoto ohlobo olukhipha igesi. Okukhethekile kwabo ukukhanya, okuphindwe kabili kunekhwalithi yokukhanya kwe-classical.

Kungani i-xenon ivinjelwe? I-Xenon ingafakwa uma ihlinzekwe ngumkhiqizi wezibani. Uma i-headlamp ihloselwe ezinye izibani, khona-ke i-xenon ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngenxa yomehluko ekubunjweni kokukhanya kokukhanya.

Kwenzekani uma ufaka i-xenon? I-beam yokukhanya ngeke yakheke ngendlela efanele. Ku-xenon, kusetshenziswa i-lens ekhethekile, i-auto-corrector yezibani zangaphambili, isisekelo esihlukile, kanye ne-headlight kumele ifakwe i-washer.