I-Cruiser tank "Crusader" I-Tank, i-Cruiser Crusader. I-Crusader - "i-crusader", indlela yokubiza amagama okungenzeka ngayo: “I-Crusader” nethi “Crusader”. Ithangi le-Crusader lakhiwa ngo-1940 yinkampani yaseNuffield futhi limele ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo komndeni wamathangi e-cruiser on a undercarriage of caterpillar uChristie. Inesakhiwo esicishe sibe yi-classic: injini ye-nuffield-Liberty liquid-cooled kaphethiloli itholakala ngemuva kwesikebhe, indawo yokulwa iphakathi nendawo, futhi indawo yokulawula ingaphambili. Okunye ukuchezuka esikimini sakudala kwakuyi-turret yesibhamu somshini, efakwe ekulungisweni kokuqala ngaphambili, kwesokudla somshayeli. Isibhamu esikhulu sethangi - inganono engu-40 mm kanye nesibhamu somshini we-7,92-mm - safakwa ku-turret ejikelezayo eyindilinga, eyayinama-angles amakhulu okuthambekela kwamapuleti ezikhali aze afike ku-52 mm ubukhulu. Ukujikeleza kombhoshongo kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-hydraulic noma i-mechanical drive. Ingxenye yesakhiwo sefreyimu yayinezivikelo ezingaphambili ezingu-52 mm ubukhulu kanye nezivikelo ezisemaceleni ezingama-45 mm ubukhulu. Ukuze kuvikelwe inqola yangaphansi, kwakufakwe izikrini ezihlotshisiwe. Njengabo bonke abagibeli bemikhumbi baseBrithani, ithangi le-Crusader lalinesiteshi somsakazo kanye ne-intercom yethangi. I-Crusader yakhiqizwa ngezinguquko ezintathu ezilandelanayo. Ukuguqulwa kokugcina kwe-Crusader III kwakhiqizwa kwaze kwaba nguMeyi 1942 futhi yayihlome ngenganono engu-57 mm. Sekukonke, cishe i-4300 Crusaders kanye ne-1373 yokulwa kanye nezimoto ezisizayo ezisekelwe kuzo (izibhamu ezilwa nezindiza ezizimele, izimoto zokukhanda nezokubuyisela, njll.) zakhiqizwa. Ngo-1942-1943. bekuyizikhali ezijwayelekile zamasosha asebenza ngezikhali.  Ukuthuthukiswa kokuqala kwephrojekthi ye-A15 kwamiswa ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kwezidingo ngokwazo futhi kwaphinde kwaqalwa ngaphansi kwegama elithi A16 eNuffield. Ngokushesha ngemva kokugunyazwa kwesakhiwo sokhuni se-A13 Mk III ("Covenant"), eyethulwa ngo-April 1939, inhloko yoBuqondisi Bemishini yacela i-General Staff ukuthi icabangele eminye imiklamo ezohambisana ngokugcwele nethangi le-cruiser esindayo. Lezi bekuyi-A18 (ukulungiswa okukhulisiwe kwethangi le-Tetrarch), i-A14 (eyakhiwe yi-Landon Midland kanye ne-Scottish Railway), i-A16 (eyathuthukiswa yi-Nuffield), kanye ne-A15 “entsha”, obekufanele ibe inguqulo enwetshiwe. I-A13Mk III. I-A15 yayiyintandokazi ecacile, njengoba yayisebenzisa izingxenye eziningi kanye nemihlangano yamathangi ochungechunge lwe-A13, kuhlanganise ne-undercarriage yohlobo lwe-Christie, ngakho-ke yayingangena ekukhiqizeni ngokushesha, ngenxa yobude bayo obude ivimbe imisele ebanzi futhi yaba ne-30-40. mm izikhali, ezinikeze amathuba amakhulu kunabanye abafake izicelo. I-Nuffield iphinde yahlongoza ukwakha ithangi elisekelwe ku-A13 M1s III ngokunwetshwa kwenqola yangaphansi ngesondo lomgwaqo elilodwa ohlangothini ngalunye. NgoJuni 1939, uNuffield wahlongoza ukusebenzisa injini ye-Liberty ye-base A13 esikhundleni se-Meadows yethangi le-A13 Mk III, njengoba i-Liberty yayivele ifake i-Nuffield ekukhiqizeni kodwa ayizange iyisebenzise. Iphinde yathembisa ukunciphisa isisindo; inhloko yoMnyango Wezemishini yavuma futhi ngoJulayi 1939 bakhipha isabelo esihambisanayo samathangi angama-200 kanye nemodeli yokuhlola. Eyokugcina yalungiselelwa ngo-March 1940. Maphakathi no-1940, i-oda ye-A15 yanda yaba ngu-400, kwase kuba yimishini engu-1062, futhi iNuffield yaba ngumholi weqembu lezinkampani eziyisishiyagalolunye ezihilelekile ekukhiqizeni i-A15. Kuze kube ngu-1943, inani eliphelele lafinyelela izimoto ezingu-5300. "Izifo zezingane" ze-prototype zazihlanganisa ukungena komoya okungalungile, ukupholisa injini okunganele, nobunzima bokushintsha. Ukukhiqizwa ngaphandle kokuhlolwa isikhathi eside kwakusho ukuthi i-Crusader, njengoba yayibizwa kanjalo ekupheleni kuka-1940, yabonisa ukwethembeka okungekuhle. Ngesikhathi sokulwa ogwadule, ithangi le-Crusader laba ithangi eliyinhloko laseBrithani kusukela entwasahlobo ka-1941. Yaqala ukubona isenzo eCapuzzo ngoJuni 1941 futhi yabamba iqhaza kuzo zonke izimpi ezalandela eNyakatho Afrika, futhi ngisho nasekuqaleni kweMpi yase-El Alamein ngo-Okthoba 1942 yahlala isebenza ngesibhamu esingu-57 mm, nakuba ngaleso sikhathi yayisivele ithathelwa indawo yi-American MZ kanye ne-M4. Ekugcineni amathangi e-Crusader ahoxiswa emayunithi okulwa ngoMeyi 1943, kodwa le modeli yasetshenziswa njengokuqeqesha kuze kube sekupheleni kwempi. Kusukela maphakathi no-1942, i-chassis ye-Crusader yashintshwa ukuze isetshenziswe ezimotweni ezikhethekile ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise ne-ZSU, ogandaganda bezikhali kanye nama-ARV. Ngesikhathi i-Crusader iklanywa, kwase kwephuze kakhulu ukucabangela izifundo zokulwa eFrance ngo-1940. Ikakhulukazi, i-nose machine gun turret yaqedwa ngenxa yokungangeni kahle komoya kanye nokusebenza okulinganiselwe, futhi ngenjongo yokwenza lula ukukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba nokwenzeka ukwandisa kancane ukushuba kwezikhali engxenyeni engaphambili ye-hull ne-turret. Ekugcineni, i-Mk III iphinde yahlonywa kabusha kusukela ku-2-pounder kuya ku-6-pounder. AmaJalimane agubha ithangi le-Crusader ngesivinini salo esikhulu, kodwa alikwazanga ukuncintisana ne-German Pz III nge-cannon engu-50-mm - umphikisi wayo oyinhloko ogwadule - ebukhulu bezikhali, ukungena kwawo nokuthembeka kokusebenza. Izibhamu zama-anti-tank zaseJalimane ezingama-55-mm, 75-mm kanye nama-88mm nazo zawashaya kalula ama-Crusaders ngesikhathi kuliwa ogwadule. Izici ukusebenza ithangi MK VI "Crusider III" Ukulwa nesisindo I-19,7 T Ubukhulu:   isikhathi 5990 mm ububanzi 2640 mm ukuphakama 2240 mm Abadlali Umuntu we-3 Impi 1 x 51-mm isibhamu 1 х 7,92 mm isibhamu somshini 1 × 7,69 anti-aircraft isibhamu Izinhlamvu 65 amagobolondo 4760 imizuliswano Ukubhuka:   ingquza ebunzini 52 mm umbhoshongo ebunzini 52 mm uhlobo lwenjini carburetor "Naffid-Liberty" Amandla aphezulu 345 h.p. Максимальная скорость I-48 km / h Ukugcina amandla 160 km Ukuguqulwa: "I-Crusider" I (ithangi lokuhamba ngomkhumbi i-MK VI). Imodeli yokukhiqiza yokuqala enesibhamu esingu-2-pounder. "Crusider" I C8 (thangi lokuhamba ngomkhumbi Mk VIC8). Imodeli efanayo kodwa ene-howitzer engu-3-intshi engasetshenziswa njengemoto esekela umlilo oseduze.  "I-Crusider" II (ithangi lokuhamba ngomkhumbi i-MK U1A). Ngokufanayo ne-Crusader I, kodwa ngaphandle kwe-turret yesibhamu somshini. Ukubhukha okwengeziwe kwengxenye engaphambili ye-hull ne-turret.  "I-Crusider" IS8 (ithangi lokuhamba ngomkhumbi i-Mk U1A C8). Okufanayo "Crusider" 1S8. "I-Crusider" III. Ukuguqulwa kokugcina kwe-serial ngesibhamu esingu-6-pounder kanye nesikhali esilungisiwe se-hull ne-turret. I-prototype yahlolwa ngoNovemba-December 1941. Ekukhiqizeni kusukela ngoMeyi 1942, ngoJulayi 1942. waqoqa izimoto ezingu-144. I-Crusader NOMA (imoto ebheke phambili), i-Crusader Command. Izimoto ezinenganono ye-dummy, i-radio eyengeziwe nezikhali zokuxhumana zezibukeli zezikhali eziya phambili kanye nezikhulu eziphezulu, ezisetshenziswe ngemva kokuhoxiswa kwe-Crusider kumayunithi okulwa.  I-ZSU "Crusider" IIIAA Mk1. "I-Crusider" III ngokufaka isibhamu se-anti-aircraft engu-40-mm "Bofors" esikhundleni se-turret. Ezimotweni zokuqala, isibhamu esivamile sokulwa nendiza sasisetshenziswa ngaphandle kwezinguquko, sabe sesimbozwa kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ngamapuleti ezikhali, okushiya phezulu kuvuliwe.  I-ZSU "Crusider" III AA Mk11. "I-Crusider" III ngokushintshwa kwe-turret yethangi nge-turret entsha evaliwe enesibhamu esiphindwe kabili esingu-20-mm se-Oerlikon anti-aircraft. I-ZSU "Crusider" III AA Mk11. I-ZSU MkP, enomsakazo ongabekwanga embhoshongweni, kodwa phambi kwesikebhe (ngemuva komshayeli).  I-ZSU "Crusider" AA enokufakwa kwemiphongolo emithathu "Oerlikon". Izimoto eziningi bezihlome ngesibhamu esiphezulu esinemigqomo emithathu ye-Oerlikon engu-20 mm. Zazisetshenziswa kuphela njengemishini yokuqeqesha. Lezi zinguquko zeZSU zalungiselelwa ukuhlasela enyakatho yeYurophu ngo-1944, amayunithi eZSU afakwa kunkampani ngayinye yendlunkulu yezigaba. Kodwa-ke, ukuphakama kwe-Allied air kanye nokuhlasela komoya kwesitha okungajwayelekile kwenza amayunithi e-ZSU angadingeki kakhulu ngemuva kokufika kweNormandy ngoJuni 1944.  "I-Crusider" II ugandaganda wokudubula wesivinini esiphezulu uMk I. "I-Crusider" II ene-bropsrubka evulekile kanye nokuqiniswa kokubeka amashothi, yayihloselwe ukudonsa isibhamu esilwa nethangi esingamakhilogremu angu-17 (76,2-mm) kanye nokubalwa kwaso. Yayisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimisweni zokulwa nethangi ze-BTC phakathi nomkhankaso eYurophu ngo-1944-45. Ukuze unqobe ama-deep ford, izimoto ze-assault Division ku-Operation Overlord zifake ikesi elikhethekile.  BREM "Crusider" AKU. I-chassis evamile ngaphandle kwe-turret, kodwa ngemishini yokulungisa imishini. Imoto yayine-A-boom ekhishwayo kanye ne-winch esikhundleni se-turret esusiwe.  I-Bulldozer Crusader Dozer. Ukulungiswa kwethangi elijwayelekile leRoyal Corps of Engineers. Esikhundleni sombhoshongo, bafaka iwintshi nomcibisholo, insipho yedoza yayilenga ohlakeni olubekwe ezinhlangothini zomkhumbi. I-Crusader Dozer ne-Crane (KOR). I-Crusader Dozer, eguqulelwe ukuze ihambisane nezidingo zeRoyal Ordnance Factory, yasetshenziselwa ukususa izikhali nezimayini ezingaqhume. I-dozer blade yayibanjwe endaweni ephakanyisiwe njengesihlangu sezikhali, futhi izingcwecwe zezikhali ezengeziwe zazinanyathiselwe ngaphambili kwesikebhe. Imithombo: M. Baryatinsky. Crusader nabanye. (Iqoqo lezikhali, 6 - 2005); G.L. Kholyavsky "The Complete Encyclopedia of Tanks World 1915 - 2000"; Yu. F. Katorin. Amathangi. I-Illustrated Encyclopedia; I-Crusader Cruiser 1939-45 [Osprey - New Vanguard 014]; uFletcher, uDavid; Sarson, Peter. I-Crusader ne-Covenanter Cruiser Tank 1939-1945.