Amapuleti elayisensi abomvu eRussia nasemhlabeni jikelele

Izimoto ezinamapuleti okubhaliswa abomvu ngokuvamile zingatholakala emigwaqweni yomphakathi kokubili eRussia nakwamanye amazwe. Ngakho-ke, kuyasiza ukuqonda ukuthi zisho ukuthini nokuthi kufanele uziphathe kanjani nabanikazi bazo.

Izinombolo zemoto ebomvu: zichaza ukuthini

Izinhlinzeko eziyisisekelo zamapuleti okubhaliswa kwezimoto eRussia zibekwe emibhalweni emibili:

• ku-GOST R 50577–93 “Izimpawu zokubhaliswa kwezimoto kuhulumeni. Izinhlobo nobukhulu obuyisisekelo. Izidingo zobuchwepheshe (ezinezichibiyelo No. 1, 2, 3, 4)”;
• ku-Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia yango-Okthoba 5, 2017 No. 766 "Kumapuleti okubhaliswa kombuso wezimoto".

Idokhumenti yokuqala ibonisa uhlangothi lobuchwepheshe lwenkinga: imingcele yepuleti lelayisense, phakathi kwezinye izinto, umbala, ubukhulu, into, njalonjalo. Umyalo oshiwo woMnyango Wezangaphakathi ugunyaze uhlu lwamakhodi edijithali ezinhlangano ezingaphansi kweRussian Federation, kanye namakhodi ezinombolo zezimoto zemishini yezobunxusa, amanxusa, okubandakanya abahlonishwayo, izinhlangano zamazwe omhlaba kanye nabasebenzi bazo abagunyazwe nguMnyango. Wezindaba Zangaphandle zeRussian Federation.

Isithasiselo A kuya ku-GOST R 50577–93 siqukethe uhlu olunezithombe lwazo zonke izinhlobo zamapuleti elayisensi agunyazwe ukusetshenziswa eRussia. Phakathi kwabo, ake sinake ngokukhethekile amapuleti okubhalisa ohlobo lwe-9 no-10: yibo kuphela umbala wabo wangemuva obomvu. Izinombolo zemoto ezinjalo, njengoba kushiwo kuzinga likahulumeni, zikhishelwa izimoto zemishini yangaphandle e-Russian Federation egunyazwe nguMnyango Wezangaphandle WaseRussia.

Ngokusho kwe-GOST, imibhalo ebhalwe kumapuleti okubhaliswa kwemoto yohlobo lwe-9 no-10 yenziwa ngezinhlamvu ezimhlophe kungemuva elibomvu.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amapuleti okubhalisa ohlobo lwe-9 angaba kuphela izinhloko zezithunywa zezombusazwe (izinga le-ambassador), futhi uthayiphe i-10 - kwabanye abasebenzi bamanxusa, ama-consulates kanye nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe.

Ngokungeziwe kumbala wangemuva wamapuleti elayisensi, umthandi wemoto onelukuluku kufanele anake izinombolo nezinhlamvu ezibhalwe kuzo. Yilolu lwazi oluzokuvumela ukuthi uthole ingxenye ebalulekile yolwazi mayelana nomnikazi wemoto.

Funda ukuthi ungasifaka kanjani isicelo selayisensi yokushayela yamazwe ngamazwe: https://bumper.guru/voditelskie-prava/mezhdunarodnoe-voditelskoe-udostoverenie.html

Ukuqokwa kwezincwadi

Ngezinhlamvu ezisepuleti lelayisense elibomvu, unganquma izinga lesisebenzi semishini yangaphandle.

Ngokwesigaba 2 se-Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia yango-Okthoba 5, 2017 No. 766 "Emapuletini okubhaliswa kwezimoto", lezi zincwadi ezilandelayo zisetshenziswa:

1. Uchungechunge lwama-CD olwezimoto zezinhloko zemishini yezikhulu.

   

   Amapuleti okubhalisa ochungechunge lwe-"CD" angabekwa kuphela ezimotweni zamakhanda emishini yezobunxusa

2. Uchungechunge D - lwezimoto zamanxusa, izikhungo zamanxusa, okuhlanganisa lezo eziholwa izikhulu ezihlonishwayo zamanxusa, izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe (amazwe ngamazwe) kanye nabasebenzi bazo abagunyazwe nguMnyango Wezangaphandle Wezwe LaseRussia futhi abanamakhadi enxusa noma amanxusa.

   

   Izinombolo zochungechunge lwe-"D" zingafakwa ezimotweni zabasebenzi bemishini yangaphandle enesimo sobunxusa

3. Uchungechunge T - lwezimoto zabasebenzi bemishini yobunxusa, amahhovisi enxusa, ngaphandle kwamahhovisi enxusa eliholwa izikhulu ezihlonishwayo zamanxusa, izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe (amazwe ngamazwe) ezigunyazwe nguMnyango Wezangaphandle WeRussian Federation futhi zinamakhadi enkonzo noma izitifiketi.

   

   Izinombolo zezimoto zochungechunge lwe-"T" zikhishelwa izimoto zabasebenzi bokuphatha nezobuchwepheshe abangenaso isimo sobuzwe.

Ukuqokwa kwezinombolo

Ngaphezu kwezinhlamvu, "izinombolo zediplomatic" ziqukethe ikhodi yezinombolo enezinombolo ezintathu. Ibonisa ubuzwe besikhungo senxusa noma inxusa noma igama lenhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe. I-Appendix 2 ku-Order of Ministry of Internal Affairs yaseRussia yango-Okthoba 5, 2017 No. 766 inikeza ikhodi yedijithali ngayinye kuhulumeni ngamunye noma inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe. Izinombolo ezisuka ku-001 ziye ku-170 zingezamazwe, ukusuka ku-499 kuya ku-560 - kuya ezinhlanganweni zamazwe ngamazwe (eziphakathi), ezingama-900 - ezikhungweni zamanxusa, okuhlanganisa nezihlonishwayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zimelela liphi izwe.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izinombolo ezikulesi sithasiselo zihambisana nendlela ubudlelwano bezombangazwe bamazwe ahlukahlukene neSoviet Union obavela ngayo kusukela ngo-1924 kuya ku-1992.

Ngaphandle kwamakhodi abo, ezinombolweni zemoto ebomvu, njenganoma iyiphi enye yaseRussia, ikhodi yesifunda evela ku-Appendix 1 ye-Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. 766 iboniswa ngakwesokudla kwepuleti yokubhalisa.

Ithebula: amakhodi amahhovisi amele ezinye izifundazwe nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe

Ikhodi yamaphoyisa omgwaqo	Ukumelwa kwamanye amazwe
001	Великобритания
002	Germany
004	США
007	France
069	Finland
499	Izithunywa ze-EU
511	Ukumelwa kwe-UN
520	I-International Labour Organisation
900	I-Honorary Consuls

Ubani onelungelo lokufaka izinombolo zemoto ebomvu

Abasebenzi bezikhungo zamanxusa nezamanxusa kuphela, kanye nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe (zamazwe ngamazwe), abanelungelo lokufaka amapuleti okubhalisa anesizinda esibomvu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi akuwona kuphela ama-diplomatic agents anelungelo elinjalo, kodwa futhi nabasebenzi bokuphatha nezobuchwepheshe bemishini yangaphandle. Okokugcina, ukuze uthole isivikelo esengeziwe, isimo esikhethekile esingokomthetho sinikezwa amalungu omndeni ahlala nabo.

Ngokuhambisana neNgxenye 3 ye-Article 12.2 ye-Code of Administrative Offences (Code of Administrative Offences) ye-Russian Federation, ukusetshenziswa kwezinombolo zombuso wamanga emotweni kuhlawuliswa inhlawulo yama-ruble angu-2500 ezakhamuzi, kusukela ku-15000 kuya ku-20000 ruble. izikhulu, kanye nezinhlangano ezisemthethweni - kusuka ku-400000 kuya ku-500000 ruble. I-athikili efanayo engxenyeni yesi-4 ibeka isijeziso esinzima nakakhulu sokushayela imoto enezinombolo zomgunyathi: ukuphucwa amalungelo isikhathi esiyizinyanga eziyisi-6 kuya ku-1 unyaka.

Ngokwami ​​uhlangothi, ngithanda ukukuxwayisa ngokusetshenziswa okungekho emthethweni kwezinombolo zezinombolo ezibomvu. Okokuqala, azibaniki abanikazi bazo inzuzo ebalulekile emigwaqweni yomphakathi ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezikhethekile. Okwesibili, ukukhohlisa kwepuleti lokubhaliswa kwemoto kulula kakhulu ukukubona, njengoba amaphoyisa omgwaqo anekhono lobuchwepheshe lokuthola ubuqiniso bezinombolo, ngisho nalapho ezikhundleni zabo. Okwesithathu, kunezinhlawulo ezibalulekile zokusebenzisa izinombolo zomgunyathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma amaphoyisa omgwaqo ekwazi ukufakazela ukuthi awuzange nje ushayele imoto ngamapuleti okubhaliswa okungamanga, kodwa futhi uwafake ngokwakho, khona-ke uzojeziswa ku-aggregate yeNgxenye 3 nengxenye 4 ye-Art. 12.2 yeKhodi Yamacala Okuphatha we-Russian Federation: inhlawulo kanye nokuphucwa amalungelo isikhathi esiyizinyanga eziyisithupha kuya onyakeni.

Ikakhulukazi ngenxa yesimo sengxenye yenkohlakalo ekukhishweni kwamapuleti okusebenzela abashayeli bezimoto, bathole idumela elibi.

Uma kubhekwa ukungathembeki nobungozi bokuthola izinombolo ezingelona iqiniso, labo abafuna ukwenza kube lula ngabo ukusebenzisa imoto bathole izindlela “zokuzungeza” umthetho. Okokuqala, ukuba nokuxhumana, osomabhizinisi abaningi abacebile kanye nezingxenye zobugebengu bathola lezi zinombolo ukuze bathole umvuzo wezinto ezibonakalayo, ngakho-ke amalungelo avela kubanikazi bazo ngokusebenzisa amanxusa ezifunda ezincane. Okwesibili, kwakusemthethweni ukuthola izinombolo zohlobo lwe-9 zezakhamuzi ezaba ngamanxusa ahloniphekile. Izibonelo zezindaba ezimbi kakhulu zokukhishwa okungalawuleki kwamapuleti elayisensi avela kumanxusa namanxusa zingatholakala emaphephandabeni (bona, isibonelo: isihloko ephephandabeni i-Argumenty i Fakty noma i-Kommersant).

Isimo esingokomthetho sezimoto eziphethwe amahhovisi amele angaphandle e-Russian Federation

Amapuleti emoto abomvu akhethekile, amukelwa ezweni lakithi ukuze aqoke izimoto zezithunywa zezombusazwe, enza umsebenzi obalulekile: avumela amaphoyisa omgwaqo ukuba ahlukanise izimoto ezinesimo esikhethekile somthetho ekugelezeni kwethrafikhi. Ngokuhambisana neNgxenye 3 ye-Art. 22 we-1961 Convention on Diplomatic Relations waphothulwa e-Vienna, kanye neNgxenye yesi-4 ye-Art. I-31 ye-1963 ye-Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, izimoto zezithunywa zamanxusa kanye namanxusa avikelekile ekusesheni, izicelo (ukuthunjwa yiziphathimandla), ukuboshwa kanye nezinye izenzo zokuphatha.

Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi iRussia isungule inqubo ekhethekile yokusungula ukuzivikela kanye namalungelo, ngokungafani nalawo amukelwa emazweni amaningi omhlaba. Ngalinye lamazwe lapho i-Russian Federation inobudlelwano be-consular, kusayinwa umhlangano ohlukile wamanxusa amabili. Kuyo, umthamo wezintandokazi ezinikeziwe ungahluka kakhulu kulokho okuvamile okuqinisekiswe yi-Vienna Convention ka-1963. Ngakho-ke, isimo sezimoto ze-consular ezivela emazweni ahlukene zingahluka kakhulu.

Ngaphandle kwezimoto, yiqiniso, ama-diplomats ngokwabo, abasebenzi bamahhovisi e-consular banezivivinyo ngokuhambisana nesimo sabo. Isibonelo, i-Article 31 ye-Vienna Convention ka-1963 ibona ukungavikeleki emandleni obugebengu bezwe elisingethe, kanye negunya lokuphatha kanye nelezakhamuzi, elinemikhawulo emincane, kuma-diplomatic agents. Okungukuthi, i-ejenti yenxusa, kanye nabanye abasebenzi bemishini yangaphandle, abanakuthweswa icala yizindikimba zombuso nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngaphandle uma izwe elithumelayo likuhoxisa ukungavikeleki kwabo (I-Article 32 ye-1961 Vienna Convention).

Ukungavikeleki akusho ukujeziswa okuphelele kwesisebenzi sezithunywa zezombusazwe noma ihhovisi le-consular, ngoba angabekwa icala ngumbuso owamthumela eRussian Federation.

Abanikazi bezinombolo ezibomvu bajabulela i-diplomatic immunity

Okushiwo ezivumelwaneni zamazwe ngamazwe ezigunyazwe iRussia kubaluleke kakhulu kunomthetho kazwelonke ngokwengxenye yesi-4 ye-Art. I-15 yoMthethosisekelo weRussian Federation, ngakho-ke, imithetho yokuvikeleka kwezimoto nayo ibonakala emithethweni yethu. Emthethweni omusha wokuphatha wamaphoyisa omgwaqo (I-Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia yangomhla zingama-23.08.2017 ku-August 664 N 292), isigaba esihlukile sinikezelwe emithethweni yokuxhumana nezimoto zabantu abangenawo amandla okuphatha. Ngokuhambisana nesigaba XNUMX se-Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, yizinyathelo zokuphatha ezilandelayo kuphela ezingasetshenziswa ezakhamuzini zakwamanye amazwe ezijabulela ukungavikeleki:

• ukugadwa kwethrafikhi, okubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zobuchwepheshe kanye nezindlela zobuchwepheshe ezikhethekile ezisebenza ngendlela ezenzakalelayo;
• ukumisa imoto;
• isitobhi sabahamba ngezinyawo;
• ukuqinisekiswa kwemibhalo, amapuleti okubhaliswa kombuso wemoto, kanye nesimo sobuchwepheshe semoto esebenzayo;
• ukudweba umthetho olandelwayo ngecala lokuphatha;
• ukukhipha isinqumo sokuvula icala ngecala lokuphatha kanye nokwenza uphenyo lokuphatha;
• ukukhishwa kwesinqumo sokwenqaba ukuqala icala ngecala lokuphatha;
• ukuhlolwa kwesimo sokudakwa kotshwala;
• ukudluliselwa kokuhlolwa kodokotela ngenxa yokudakwa;
• ukukhishwa kwesinqumo ecaleni lecala lokuphatha;
• ukudweba iphrothokholi yokuhlolwa kwendawo yokwenza icala lokuphatha.

Funda indlela yokuhlola imoto nge-VIN: https://bumper.guru/pokupka-prodazha/gibdd-proverka-avtomobilya.html

Kodwa izikhulu zamaphoyisa azinalo igunya lokuheha izakhamuzi zakwamanye amazwe ezingavikelekile emandleni okuphatha eRussian Federation. Ngokusho kwesigaba 295 se-Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, ezimweni lapho imoto idala ingozi kwabanye, amaphoyisa anelungelo lokumisa imoto ngamapuleti e-diplomatic esebenzisa izindlela ezitholakalayo kuyo. Baphoqelekile ukuthi babike ngokushesha lokhu kozakwabo emnyangweni woMnyango Wezangaphakathi ezingeni lesifunda. Kumelwe futhi badlulisele ulwazi mayelana nalesi sigameko eMnyangweni Wezindaba Zangaphandle WaseRussia kanye nomsebenzi wobunxusa abangabanikazi bemoto. Amaphoyisa omgwaqo ngokwawo awavumelekile ukungena emotweni futhi ngandlela thize athinte umshayeli nabagibeli ngaphandle kwemvume yabo.

Amaphoyisa omgwaqo, esaba ihlazo elingase libe khona, awakunaki ukuphulwa kwabashayeli bezimoto ezinezinombolo ezibomvu.

Uma kungenjalo, izimoto ezinezinombolo ezibomvu zingaphansi kwemithetho evamile yomgwaqo futhi azinayo inzuzo ngaphezu kwabanye abasebenzisi bomgwaqo. Okuhlukile emithethweni kuvame ukwenzeka lapho kudlula izimoto zamanxusa, ziphelezelwa izimoto zamaphoyisa omgwaqo ezisebenzisa izimpawu ezikhethekile ngokuhambisana neSahluko sesi-3 se-SDA. Imoto enamalambu akhanyayo ingawanaki amarobhothi, imikhawulo yesivinini, imithetho yokuqondisa nokudlula, nokunye. Izimali ezikhethekile, njengomthetho, zisetshenziswa kuphela izinhloko zemishini ezimweni zezingxoxo ezibalulekile neziphuthumayo.

Ngokunemba kwakho konke lokhu okungenhla, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amaphoyisa omgwaqo anqena kakhulu ukumisa izimoto ezinamapuleti okubhaliswa kwamanxusa, ancamela ukuvala amehlo ukwephulwa kwemithetho emincane. Futhi abanikazi bezimoto ezinezinombolo ezibomvu ngokwabo bavame ukuziphatha ngendlela engafanele emigwaqweni, benganaki kuphela izindinganiso zokuziphatha, kodwa futhi nemithetho yomgwaqo. Ngakho-ke, qaphela emigwaqweni futhi, uma kungenzeka, ugweme ukuhlanganyela ezingxabanweni ezingenangqondo!

Okuningi ngezingozi zomgwaqo: https://bumper.guru/dtp/chto-takoe-dtp.html

Izinombolo ezibomvu ezimotweni emhlabeni jikelele

Abantu bakithi abaningi ohambweni lwamazwe ngamazwe bayanqaba izithuthi zomphakathi bakhetha ezomuntu siqu. Kubalulekile ukuba bafunde imithetho eyisisekelo yokuziphatha emigwaqweni yezwe elibanjelwe, elingahluka kakhulu kumaRussia. Isimo siyafana namapuleti elayisensi abomvu: kuye ngokuthi isimo, athola izincazelo ezahlukene.

Ukraine

Amalayisense abomvu ase-Ukraine anezinhlamvu ezimhlophe nezimnyama nezinombolo abonisa izimoto zokuhamba. Njengoba zikhishwa isikhathi esilinganiselwe, impahla yepuleti lokubhalisa ipulasitiki, hhayi insimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyanga yokukhishwa ikhonjiswe enombolweni ngokwayo, ukuze kube lula ukusetha umnqamulajuqu wokusetshenziswa.

Izinombolo zezokuthutha zase-Ukraine zibomvu

Belarus

E-Union Republic, amapuleti elayisensi abomvu, njengasezweni lethu, akhishelwa izimoto zemishini yangaphandle. Kukhona okuhlukile kuphela: isikhulu esiphezulu soMnyango Wezindaba Zangaphakathi WeRiphabhulikhi yaseBelarus singase sibe umnikazi wemoto enenombolo ebomvu.

IYurophu

E-European Union, imodeli eyodwa yokusetshenziswa kwamapuleti emoto ebomvu ayizange yenziwe. E-Bulgaria nase-Denmark, izimoto ezinamapuleti okubhaliswa abomvu zisebenza ezikhumulweni zezindiza. E-Belgium, izinombolo ezijwayelekile zibomvu. EGreece, abashayeli bamatekisi bathola izinombolo ezibomvu. Futhi iHungary inikezwe ezokuthutha ezikwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini esiphansi kuphela.

Ividiyo: mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezinombolo ezibomvu eJalimane yanamuhla

Izinombolo ezibomvu eJalimane, kungani zidingeka nokuthi zingenziwa kanjani?

E-Asia

E-Armenia, eMongolia naseKazakhstan, amapuleti elayisensi abomvu, njengaseRussia, anelungelo labameleli bangaphandle.

E-Turkey, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinombolo ezinengemuva elibomvu:

• ezezimoto zikahulumeni;
• kumarektha kanye nabasebenzi bokuphatha basekhaya.

США

I-United States iyizwe lombuso likahulumeni, ngakho igunya lokumisa izindinganiso zamapuleti okubhaliswa kwemoto lingelesifunda ngasinye. Isibonelo, ePennsylvania, izimoto zezimo eziphuthumayo zithola amapuleti abomvu, futhi e-Ohio, umbhalo obomvu ongemuva ophuzi ugqamisa abashayeli abaphuzile emgwaqeni.

Amanye amazwe

E-Canada, amapuleti elayisensi ajwayelekile abomvu kungemuva elimhlophe. Ngenkathi use-Brazil, ingemuva elibomvu lamapuleti elayisensi likhona kwezokuthutha zomphakathi.

Amapuleti okubhaliswa kwezimoto abomvu emazweni omhlaba anezinhloso ezahlukene. Banento eyodwa abafana ngayo - isifiso seziphathimandla zikahulumeni ukugqamisa imoto emgwaqeni, ukuze ibonakale kwabahamba ngezinyawo abaseduze, abashayeli namaphoyisa. E-Russia, izinombolo ezibomvu ngokwesiko ziphethwe amanxusa. Imibala egqamile yamapuleti ihloselwe ukukhombisa isimo esikhethekile semoto yezithunywa zezombusazwe noma esinye isikhungo sangaphandle.