Ukusebenza kahle kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi - siyakwazi ukusebenza kahle uma siqhathanisa
Okuqukethwe
Phakathi kwezici eziningi zezinqubo ezihlukahlukene emotweni, isici esinqumayo siwukuthi Ukusebenza kahle kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Ukuze uthole ingqikithi yalo mqondo, udinga ukwazi kahle ukuthi iyini injini yangaphakathi evuthayo yangaphakathi.
Ukusebenza kahle kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi - kuyini?
Okokuqala, i-motor iguqula amandla ashisayo okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokushiswa kukaphethiloli abe inani elithile lomsebenzi wemishini. Ngokungafani nezinjini zesitimu, lezi zinjini zilula futhi zihlangene. Ziyonga kakhulu futhi zisebenzisa uketshezi oluchazwe ngokuqinile kanye nezibaseli zegesi. Ngakho, ukusebenza kahle kwezinjini zanamuhla kubalwa ngokusekelwe ezicini zabo zobuchwepheshe nezinye izinkomba.
Ukusebenza kahle (i-coefficient of performance) isilinganiso samandla adluliselwa ku-shaft yenjini emandleni atholwe i-piston ngenxa yesenzo samagesi.. Uma siqhathanisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinjini zamandla ahlukene, singathola ukuthi leli xabiso ngalinye linezici zalo.
Ukusebenza kahle kwenjini kuncike ekulahlekelweni okuhlukahlukene kwemishini ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza. Ukulahlekelwa kuthonywa ukunyakaza kwezingxenye ngazinye zemoto kanye nokungqubuzana okuwumphumela. Lawa ama-pistons, ama-piston rings nama-bearings ahlukahlukene. Lezi zingxenye zibangela inani elikhulu lokulahlekelwa, okubalelwa cishe ku-65% wesamba sazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulahlekelwa kuvela esenzweni sezinqubo ezifana namaphampu, ama-magnetos nezinye, ezingafinyelela ku-18%. Ingxenye encane yokulahlekelwa yizingqinamba ezenzeka ohlelweni lukaphethiloli ngesikhathi sokuthatha kanye nenqubo yokukhipha.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukusebenza kahle kuyehla ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ukushisa. Isikhungo samandla sifudumeza zonke izakhi zesistimu, kuhlanganise nesipholisa, irediyetha yokupholisa kanye ne-heater, kanye nalokhu, ukushisa kuyalahleka. Ingxenye ilahlekile kanye namagesi aphumayo. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukulahlekelwa ukushisa kufinyelela ku-35% wokusebenza kahle, kanye nokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli ngomunye u-25%. Enye i-20% ibanjwe ukulahlekelwa kwemishini, i.e. ezintweni ezidala ukungqubuzana (amaphistoni, izindandatho, njll.). Amafutha enjini asezingeni eliphezulu asiza ekunciphiseni ukungqubuzana, kodwa lesi sici asikwazi ukuqedwa ngokuphelele.
Njengoba kunikezwe ukusebenza kahle okuphansi kwenjini, kungenzeka ukwethula ukulahlekelwa ngokucacile, isibonelo, ngenani likaphethiloli. Ngokusebenzisa isilinganiso sikaphethiloli esingamalitha ayi-10 ngamakhilomitha ayikhulu, kuthatha amalitha angu-2-3 kuphela kaphethiloli ukudlula lesi sigaba, okunye ukulahlekelwa. Injini kadizili inokulahlekelwa okuncane, kanye nenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi enemishini ye-gas-balloon. Uma indaba yokusebenza kahle kwenjini iyisisekelo, khona-ke kunezinketho ezine-coefficient engu-90%, kodwa lezi yizimoto zikagesi nezimoto ezinenjini ye-hybrid. Njengomthetho, izindleko zabo ziphakeme kakhulu futhi ngenxa yemininingwane yokusebenza (ukushaja okuvamile kuyadingeka futhi iphunga lokugijima lilinganiselwe), imishini enjalo iseyivelakancane ezweni lethu.
Ukuqhathanisa ukusebenza kahle kwenjini - uphethiloli nodizili
Uma siqhathanisa ukusebenza kahle kwenjini kaphethiloli nedizili, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi eyokuqala ayisebenzi kahle futhi iguqula kuphela u-25-30% wamandla akhiqizwe abe yisenzo esiwusizo. Isibonelo, ukusebenza kahle kwenjini ye-diesel kufinyelela ku-40%, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwe-turbocharging kanye ne-intercooling kwandisa lesi sibalo sibe ngu-50%.
Zombili izinjini, naphezu kokufana komklamo, zinezinhlobo ezahlukene zokwakheka kwengxube. Ngakho-ke, ama-pistons enjini ye-carburetor asebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu adinga ukupholisa kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, amandla ashisayo angase aphenduke amandla asetshenziswayo ahlakazeka kube nhlanga zimuka nomoya, ehlisa inani eliphelele lokusebenza kahle.
Nokho, ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle kwenjini kaphethiloli, kuthathwa izinyathelo ezithile. Isibonelo, ama-valve amabili okungenisa nawokukhipha angafakwa nge-cylinder ngayinye, esikhundleni se-valve eyodwa yokungenisa kanye ne-exhaust valve eyodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinjini zinekhoyili ehlukile yokuthungela ipulaki le-spark ngalinye. Ukulawulwa kwe-throttle ezimweni eziningi kwenziwa ngosizo lwedrayivu kagesi, hhayi ngekhebula elijwayelekile.
Ukusebenza kahle kwenjini ye-diesel - ukusebenza kahle okubonakalayo
Idizili ingenye yezinhlobonhlobo zezinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi, lapho ukushiswa kwengxube yokusebenza kwenziwa ngenxa yokucindezelwa. Ngakho-ke, umfutho womoya ku-cylinder uphakeme kakhulu kunowenjini kaphethiloli. Uma uqhathanisa ukusebenza kahle kwenjini kadizili nokusebenza kahle kweminye imiklamo, umuntu angabona ukusebenza kahle kwayo okuphezulu kakhulu.
Lapho kukhona isivinini esiphansi kanye nokufuduka okukhulu, inkomba yokusebenza kahle ingadlula ama-50%.
Ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ekusetshenzisweni okuphansi kakhulu kukaphethiloli wedizili kanye nokuqukethwe okuphansi kwezinto eziyingozi kumagesi aphumayo. Ngakho, ukubaluleka kokusebenza kahle kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi kuncike ngokuphelele kuhlobo lwayo kanye nomklamo. Ezimotweni eziningi, ukusebenza kahle okuphansi kususwa ukuthuthukiswa okuhlukahlukene ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza sekukonke.
