Amadiski omkhathi - ayathengeka futhi ayashesha kakhulu
Njengamanje, into eshesha kakhulu eyethulwe ngumuntu emkhathini i-Voyager probe, ekwazile ukusheshisa ukuya ku-17 km/s isebenzisa iziqhumane zamandla adonsela phansi ezivela ku-Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus kanye ne-Neptune. Lokhu kuhamba kancane izikhathi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa kunokukhanya, okuthatha iminyaka emine ukufinyelela inkanyezi eseduze neLanga.
Ukuqhathanisa okungenhla kubonisa ukuthi uma kuziwa ebuchwephesheni be-propulsion ekuhambeni emkhathini, kusekuningi okufanele sikwenze uma sifuna ukuya endaweni ethile ngale kwemizimba eseduze yesimiso sonozungezilanga. Futhi lolu hambo olubonakala lusondele impela lude kakhulu. Izinsuku eziyi-1500 zokundiza uye ku-Mars nokubuya, futhi ngisho nokuhleleka okuhle kweplanethi, akuzwakali kukhuthaza kakhulu.
Ohambweni olude, ngaphezu kokushayela okubuthakathaka kakhulu, kunezinye izinkinga, isibonelo, ngempahla, ukuxhumana, izinsiza zamandla. Ama-solar panel awakhokhi uma ilanga noma ezinye izinkanyezi zikude. Ama-reactors enuzi asebenza ngokugcwele iminyaka embalwa kuphela.
Yimaphi amathuba namathemba okuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokwandisa nokudlulisela isivinini esiphezulu emkhathini wethu? Ake sibheke izixazululo esezivele zikhona kanye nalezo ezingenzeka ngokwethiyori nangokwesayensi, nakuba kuseyinganekwane.
Okwamanje: amarokhethi amakhemikhali nama-ion
Njengamanje, i-chemical propulsion isasetshenziswa ngezinga elikhulu, njenge-liquid hydrogen namarokhethi omoya-mpilo. Ijubane elikhulu elingafinyelelwa kubo lilinganiselwa ku-10 km/s. Uma singasebenzisa ngokugcwele imiphumela yamandla adonsela phansi esimisweni sonozungezilanga, kuhlanganise nelanga ngokwalo, umkhumbi onenjini yerokhethi yamakhemikhali ungafinyelela ngisho nangaphezu kuka-100 km/s. Ukunensa kweVoyager kungenxa yokuthi inhloso yayo bekungekhona ukuthola isivinini esiphezulu. Akazange futhi asebenzise i-afterburner ngezinjini ngesikhathi sokusiza amaplanethi adonsela phansi.
Ama-Ion thruster yizinjini zamarokhethi lapho ama-ion ashesha khona ngenxa yokusebenzisana kwe-electromagnetic ayisici esithwalayo. Isebenza kahle ngokuphindwe kashumi kunezinjini zamarokhethi zamakhemikhali. Umsebenzi wenjini waqala phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Ezinguqulweni zokuqala, i-mercury vapor yayisetshenziselwa idrayivu. Njengamanje, i-noble gas xenon isetshenziswa kabanzi.
Amandla akhipha igesi enjinini avela emthonjeni wangaphandle (ama-solar panel, i-reactor eyenza ugesi). Ama-athomu egesi aphenduka abe ama-ion amahle. Bese bayasheshisa ngaphansi kwethonya lensimu kagesi noma kazibuthe, efinyelela isivinini esingafika ku-36 km / s.
Isivinini esiphezulu sesici esikhishiwe siholela kumandla okushayela aphezulu ngeyunithi ngayinye yesisindo somkhiqizo okhishiwe. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yamandla aphansi wesistimu yokuhlinzeka, inqwaba yenkampani yenethiwekhi ekhishiwe incane, enciphisa ukuphonswa kwerokhethi. Umkhumbi ofakwe injini enjalo uhamba ngokusheshisa kancane.
Uzothola ukuqhubeka kwesihloko kumagazini ka-May
I-VASIMR inamandla aphelele
