Imikhumbi nezinhlelo zemikhumbi yempi enkundleni yezempi ka-2018
Thumela i-corvette yephrojekthi ye-PS-500.
IForamu Yezempi, ehlelwe eRussia kusukela ngo-2014, ngokuyinhloko iyithuba lokwethula imishini yamasosha angaphansi. Kodwa kukhona umbukiso wezindiza: ezinye izindiza ezinophephela emhlane zingabonakala endaweni yombukiso eyinhloko ePatriot Park eduze kwaseMoscow, izindiza zethulwa esikhumulweni sezindiza eKubinka engumakhelwane, nangaphezulu kwenkundla yokuqeqesha e-Alabino. Ukwethula impumelelo kanye neziphakamiso zomkhakha wokwakha imikhumbi kuyinselelo enkulu.
Ngokusemthethweni, imibukiso yamasosha iqhutshwa nakwamanye amadolobha aseRussia, kanye naseSt. Petersburg, Vladivostok naseSeveromorsk, okungukuthi, ezisekelweni zeNavy (Navy), kodwa "isisindo" sale mibukiso sincane kakhulu kune lokho komcimbi omaphakathi. Naphezu kwalokhu, impumelelo yomkhakha wokwakha imikhumbi yethulwa emahholo amakhulu ePatriot. Ngonyaka odlule, igumbi elihlukile elinelogo yesakhiwo somkhumbi - i-USC (Inkampani Yokwakha Umkhumbi Ehlangene) yasetshenziselwa le njongo. Yethula amamodeli emikhumbi kuphela, futhi amanye amasampula ezikhali zawo kanye nemishini yawo abukiswa kwezinye izitendi.
Imikhumbi yamakilasi amakhulu
Ngenhloso yokuhleleka, ake siqale ngomqondo wemikhumbi emikhulukazi. Baphinde bakhombisa imodeli yendiza ethwala indiza. Kulokhu kuzoba "iyunithi yemisebenzi eminingi engasindi".
ngokufuduka okungamathani angama-44 kuphela (owokuqala bekungamathani angama-000). Uma kuqhathaniswa nokucushwa kwangaphambilini, izinguquko zibalulekile: izakhiwo ezimbili ezinkulu ezifana ne-HMS Queen Elizabeth zilahliwe, uhlaka lwedekhi yendiza selwenziwe lula, elicishe lilingane, futhi “i-counterweight” yedekhi yendiza eyehlelayo ifakiwe. enendawo enwetshiwe yendiza eduze kwesakhiwo esikhulu.
Enguqulweni eyodwa yephrojekthi, kungenzeka ukugingqa izindiza ngemuva kwakho. Ngakho-ke, izilinganiso zedekhi azijwayelekile - 304x78 m (esikhumbeni sangaphambilini - 330x42). Ama-hangars azofaka izindiza ezingama-46 nezindiza ezinophephela emhlane (ngaphambilini ezingama-65). Bazothathelwa indawo i-Su-33 (manje enqanyuliwe, ngakho-ke umkhumbi omusha ngeke ubonakale), i-MiG-29KR ne-Ka-27, kodwa ekugcineni izoba yi-Su-57K ne-Ka-40 emikhudlwana. . Umbuzo wendiza etholwa yi-radar yebanga elide usalokhu uvulekile, njengoba okwamanje ayikaklanywa ngisho naseRussia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbono wokusebenzisa izimoto ezinkulu zasemoyeni ezinganamuntu ubonakala ungabonakali esimweni sokuntula ulwazi ngezimoto ezihamba phansi ezinosayizi ofanayo.
Umqondo womthwali wendiza uyisibonelo esihle kakhulu sokuncika komunye nomunye komsebenzi wokuthuthukisa owenziwa ngokwentshisekelo yamakhasimende ahlukene. Kodwa-ke, into ebaluleke kakhulu yenkampani yezindiza yaseRussia ezayo ihlukile: lesi yisiphakamiso esivela eSt. Krylov, okungukuthi, isikhungo socwaningo. Ayigunyazwa yinoma yimaphi ama-design bureaus adumile, nanoma yimaphi amagceke amakhulu emikhumbi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma kwenzeka kunesithakazelo sangempela (kanye nokuxhaswa) okuvela eMnyangweni Wezokuvikela WaseRussia, umkhumbi onjalo kuzodingeka uklanywe kuqala, bese kufanele kuhlelwe inethiwekhi yabahlanganyeli, bese kuqala ukwakhiwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayikho indawo yemikhumbi yaseRussia okwamanje ekwazi ukwakha umkhumbi omkhulu futhi oyinkimbinkimbi kangaka. Ngokwesibonelo, lo mbono usekelwa izinkinga eziqhubekayo zesizukulwane esisha semikhumbi ephihliza iqhwa yenuzi emincane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu nokuthatha isikhathi kwingqalasizinda kuyodingeka ukuze kuqalwe ukwakha. Idokodo elikhulu elomile (480 × 114 m) lisanda kuqala ukwakhiwa endaweni yemikhumbi yeZvezda (Bolshoi Kamen, Primorsky Krai eMpumalanga Ekude), kodwa ngokusemthethweni kufanele isebenzele izisebenzi zikawoyela kuphela. Ngakho-ke, ukube isinqumo sokuwakha senziwe namuhla, umkhumbi ngabe usungene enkonzweni eminyakeni eyishumi nambili noma emibili, futhi ubungeke uguqule ibhalansi yamandla e-World Ocean kuphela.
Umqondo wesibili uvela emthonjeni ofanayo, i.e. U-Kryłów ungumbhubhisi omkhulu we-Project 23560 Lider, kulo nyaka ebizwa ngokuthi i-Szkwał. Futhi endabeni yakhe, konke ukubhuka okuphathelene nesithwali sezindiza okukhulunywe ngaso kungaphindaphindwa, umehluko kuphela ukuthi umkhumbi walolu hlobo ungakhiwa kusetshenziswa izakhiwo ezikhona zokwakha umkhumbi. Kodwa-ke, amayunithi alesi sigaba kuzodingeka akhiqizwe ngobuningi - uma i-WMF ifuna okungenani ukuvuselela amandla eSoviet ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-80s, okungenani kuzomele kwakhiwe ishumi nambili. Ngu
Ngemikhawulo yanamuhla kungathatha iminyaka eyi-100, okwenza lonke uhlelo lube okungenangqondo. Umkhumbi uzoba mkhulu (ukususwa okungamathani ayi-18, ubude obungu-000 m) - mkhulu ngokuphindwe kabili kunababhubhisi be-Soviet Project 200 Sarych, mkhulu nakakhulu kune-Project 956 Atlant cruisers. I-silhouette yayo izofana nabagibeli bezikhali zenuzi abasindayo bephrojekthi ye-1164 Orlan. Futhi, ukuhlelwa kwezikhali kuzofana, kodwa inani lemicibisholo elilungele ukusetshenziswa liyoba likhulu: imicibisholo ecitshwayo eyi-1144 ngokumelene nezibhamu ezingama-70 nezingu-20 ezilwa nezindiza eziyi-128. uhlelo lwe-propulsion, kanye nenguqulo yesiRashiya eyenuzi (ezokwandisa isikhathi esingenzeka sokwakha futhi izokwandisa izindleko zayo).
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kwesinye sezitendi kwakukhona umklamo (ongenasihloko) womkhumbi wezilinganiso ezifanayo, kodwa ngokubukeka okuqinile kakhulu. Kungokwemodeli yeSoviet yama-80s, isibonelo, i-1165 ne-1293 - inezakhiwo ezincane kakhulu futhi "ezihlanzekile" kanye nebhethri elinamandla labaqhubi be-rocket elibekwe ngokuqondile ku-hull.
Omunye umqondo "i-Russian Mistral", okungukuthi, isikebhe sokuhlala "Priboy" esithutha amathani angu-23 000. Izothutha izikebhe eziyisi-6 ezinomthamo wokuthwala amathani angama-45, izikebhe ezi-6, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane eziyi-12, amathangi ayi-10, abathuthi abangama-50. kanye namasosha afika ku-900. Idizayini yayo kanye nemishini izoba lula kunaleyo yoMholi, kodwa imikhumbi yalesi sigaba manje ayisadingeki ku-WMF njengoba kwakunjalo iMistrals yaseFrance eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Uma uhlelo lwesikhathi eside nolubiza kakhulu lokwandiswa okuphelele kwemikhumbi beluqalwa, imikhumbi ehlala emanzini yalolu sayizi ibingeke ibe yinto ehamba phambili. Esikhundleni salokho, amaRussia asevele ehlola izinhlobo ezithile zemikhumbi yabathengisi njengamayunithi okusekelwa kwempahla yebutho lokufika, elifakazelwe, ngokwesibonelo, ngokuqondisa okukhulu kweVostok-2018. Naphezu kwalokhu, kusashiwo ngokusemthethweni ukuthi iSt. Petersburg Northern Shipyard kumele yakhe imikhumbi yemikhumbi emibili ezosuswa endaweni engaphezu kwamathani angu-2026 ngo-20.
Ukunikezwa kwe-OSK kusahlanganisa imikhumbi emikhulu, ababhubhisi kanye nama-frigates asekelwe kumiklamo yaseSoviet kusukela kuma-80s, amathuba okubatholela abathengi bangaphandle awuziro, futhi i-WMF ikhetha ukutshala imali kumayunithi esimanje. Ngandlela-thile, ukuqalisa kabusha ukukhiqizwa kwabo lapho bebhekene nokulahlekelwa abahlanganyeli abaningi kusukela enkathini yamaSoviet bekungeke kube lula noma kushibhile. Kodwa-ke, lezi ziphakamiso kufanele zishiwo. Umbhubhisi weProjekthi 21956 ovela eSevernovo ungoweProjekthi 956 ngokwe-GDP, unokususwa okufanayo - amathani angama-7700 uma kuqhathaniswa namathani angama-7900. Kodwa-ke, kufanele iqhutshwe amayunithi kagesi we-turbine enamandla angu-54 kW, hhayi izinjini zomusi, izikhali zayo. izocishe ifane, izinga lesibhamu kuphela I-000mm izoba umphongolo owodwa, hhayi ophindwe kabili. I-Project 130 "Corsair" ngokususwa okungamathani angama-11541 isuka eZelonodolsk ingenye inhlobo yephrojekthi 4500 "Yastrib" enezikhali ezijwayelekile. Imikhumbi yawo womabili amaphrojekthi ihlongozwa iminyaka - ngaphandle kwempumelelo.
