Isiphetho Esimangalisayo Komakadebona Ohloniphekile

Isiphetho Esimangalisayo Komakadebona Ohloniphekile

Ekuseni ngoFebhuwari 18, 1944, amaJalimane azuza impumelelo yawo yokugcina enkulu ezimpini zaseMedithera neRoyal Navy, lapho umkhumbi-ngwenya u-U 35 ucwilisa i-HMS Penelope 410 miles nautical ukusuka eNaples ngokuhlasela okuphumelelayo kwe-torpedo. Lokhu kwaba ukulahlekelwa okungenakulungiseka kweRoyal Navy, njengoba ukuphahlazeka kwaba ukwakheka okuvelele, ngaphambili okwakwaziwa ngokubamba iqhaza kwayo emikhankasweni eminingi, ikakhulukazi eMedithera. Iqembu lasePenelope laliphumelele izikhathi eziningi emisebenzini eyingozi kanye nezimpi nesitha. Umkhumbi waseBrithani wawaziwa kakhulu amatilosi asePoland futhi ngenxa yokuthi abanye ababhubhisi kanye nemikhumbi-ngwenya ye-WWII babamba iqhaza nayo kweminye imisebenzi yokulwa noma ekuvikelweni okuqondile kweMalta.

Ukuzalwa komkhumbi

Umlando walo mkhumbi waseBrithani ovelele waqala endaweni yemikhumbi iHarland & Wolff eBelfast (eNyakatho Ireland), lapho kubekwa i-keel ngo-May 30, 1934 ukuze wakhiwe. Umkhumbi kaPenelope wethulwa ngo-Okthoba 15, 1935, futhi waqala inkonzo ngoNovemba 13. , 1936. Isebenza neRoyal Navy Fleet Commands, yayinenombolo yeqhinga elingu-97.

I-Cruiser elula i-HMS Penelope bekungumkhumbi wezempi wesithathu we-Arethusa-class ozokwakhiwa. Inani elikhudlwana lalezi ziyunithi (okungenani ezi-5) lalihlelwe, kodwa lokhu kwashiywa ukuze kuzuze abagibeli bemikhumbi abanamandla nabakhudlwana base-Southampton, ababezothuthukiswa kamuva njenge "mpendulo" yamaNgisi kumaJapane ahlome kakhulu akhiwe (nge 15 izibhamu ngaphezudlwana kwamasentimitha ayisithupha) Mogami-class cruisers. Umphumela wawuyi-4 kuphela yabahamba ngesikebhe baseBrithani abancane kodwa abaphumelele nakanjani (abaqanjwe ngo-Arethusa, Galatea, Penelope kanye ne-Aurora).

Izikebhe ezilula zekilasi i-Aretuza ezakhiwa ngo-1932 (ezincane kakhulu kunezakhelwe kakade ezakhiwe yiLeander-class light cruisers ezinamathani angaba ngu-7000 kanye nezikhali ezisindayo eziyizibhamu eziyi-8 152-mm) zazizosetshenziselwa inani lezinto ezibalulekile. imisebenzi esikhathini esizayo. Ayehloselwe ukuvala indawo yama-cruiser e-W no-D aphelelwe yisikhathi C kanye no-D weMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Lesi sakamuva saba nokufuduka okungamathani angama-4000-5000. Lapho sezakhiwe ngokuthi "ababhubhisi-ababhubhisi", nakuba lo msebenzi wawuphazanyiswe kakhulu isivinini esinganele, esingaphansi kwamafindo angu-30. ikwazi ukulawuleka kakhulu kunamaRoyal Cruisers amakhulu. Imikhumbi ezenzweni zamaqembu amakhulu emikhumbi kwakudingeka ibhekane nababhubhisi bezitha, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ihole amaqembu ayo ababhubhisi ngesikhathi sokulwa. Ayefaneleka kangcono futhi emisebenzini yokuhlola njengabahamba ngomkhumbi, ababebancane kakhulu ngakho-ke kwaba nzima ukubonwa yimikhumbi yezitha.

Amayunithi amasha angaba usizo nangezinye izindlela. AbaseBrithani babelindele ukuthi uma kwenzeka kuba nempi ne-Third Reich esikhathini esizayo, amaJalimane azophinde asebenzise ama-masked auxiliary cruisers ekulweni nolwandle. Imikhumbi ye-Arethus-class yayibhekwa njengefaneleka ngokukhethekile ukulwa nabasizi bezitha, ama-blockade breakers, kanye nemikhumbi yokuhlinzeka. Nakuba izikhali eziyinhloko zalawa mayunithi aseBrithani, izibhamu ezingu-6 152 mm, zazibonakala zingenamandla kakhulu kunezabagibeli baseJalimane abasizayo (futhi ngokuvamile babehlome ngenani elifanayo lezibhamu ezingama-intshi ayisithupha), izibhamu ezisinda kakhulu emikhunjini evalekile zaziyizibhamu ezinkulu kakhulu. ngokuvamile etholakala ukuze ohlangothini olulodwa, 4 kuphela inganono engadubula, futhi lokhu kunganikeza abaseBrithani ithuba lokushayisana okungenzeka nabo. Kodwa abaphathi bama-British cruisers kwadingeka bakhumbule ukuxazulula impi enjalo uma kungenzeka futhi okungcono ngendiza yabo yasolwandle, belungisa umlilo ovela emoyeni. Imisebenzi ye-British cruiser e-Atlantic kulesi sikhundla ingabachaya ekuhlaselweni kwe-U-boat, nakuba ingozi enjalo ibilokhu ikhona emisebenzini ehleliwe eMedithera, lapho ngokuvamile yayihloselwe ukusetshenziswa emisebenzini yokulwa yeRoyal Navy. imiyalo.

Ukufuduka kwe-cruiser "Penelope" kungamathani ajwayelekile angama-5270, amathani angama-6715 esewonke, ubukhulu 154,33 x 15,56 x 5,1 m. Ukufuduka kungamathani angama-20-150 ngaphansi kwalokho okuhlelwe ngamaphrojekthi. Lokhu kwasetshenziselwa ukuqinisa ukuzivikela emoyeni kwemikhumbi futhi kuthathelwe indawo izibhamu ezine ezilwa nezindiza ezihleliwe ekuqaleni. usayizi 200 mm kabili. Lokhu bekufanele kube kubaluleke kakhulu ezenzweni ezengeziwe zemikhumbi yalolu hlobo eMedithera phakathi nempi, ngoba ngesikhathi esinzima kakhulu sempi (ikakhulukazi ngo-102-1941) kwakukhona izimpi ezinonya nezindiza ezinamandla zaseJalimane nase-Italy. Ubukhulu obuncane bamayunithi ohlobo lwe-Arethusa kwasho ukuthi bathola indiza yasolwandle eyodwa kuphela, futhi ikati elifakiwe lalingamamitha angu-1942 ubude namamitha amabili amafushane kunamaLeanders amakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nabo, abakwaPenelope (namanye amawele amathathu) nabo babene-turret eyodwa kuphela enezibhamu ezimbili ezingama-14-mm ngemuva, kuyilapho "abafowabo abakhulu" benezimbili. Kude (futhi nge-angle ebukhali emnsalweni), i-silhouette yamathani amabili we-cruiser ifana neyunithi yohlobo lwe-Leander / Perth, nakuba i-Penelope's hull yayimfushane kunabo cishe ngamamitha angu-152.

Izikhali eziyinhloko ze-cruiser zazihlanganisa izibhamu eziyisithupha ze-6-mm Mk XXIII (kuma-turrets amathathu angama-Mk XXI). Uhlu oluphelele lwama-projectiles alezi zibhamu lwaluyi-152 23 m, ukuphakama kwe-engeli yomphongolo kwakungu-300 °, isisindo se-projectile sasingu-60 kg, futhi umthamo wezinhlamvu wawungama-50,8 amarounds isibhamu ngasinye. Kungakapheli umzuzu, umkhumbi ungadubula amavoli angama-200-6 kusuka kulezi zibhamu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibhamu eziyi-8 ze-anti-aircraft ezingu-102 mm ze-Mk XVI zafakwa kuyunithi (ekufakweni oku-4 kwe-Mk XIX). Ekuqaleni, izikhali ezilwa nezindiza zengezwe ngezibhamu eziyi-8 ezilwa nezindiza. I-caliber 12,7 mm Vickers (2xIV). Babeku-cruiser kwaze kwaba ngu-1941, lapho beshintshwa izibhamu zesimanje ezilwa nezindiza. I-20mm Oerlikon izoxoxwa kamuva.

Umkhumbi wawunezikhala ezimbili ezihlukene zokulawula umlilo; yezikhali ezinkulu ezilwa nezindiza.

Ukufakwa bekufakwe amashubhu e-torpedo angu-6 533 mm PR Mk IV we-Mk IX (2xIII) torpedoes.

Okuwukuphela kwemoto yokuhlola u-Penelope ayehlonyiswe ngayo kwakuyindiza entantayo i-Fairey Seafox (ku-catapult eyi-14m eshiwo ngenhla). Indiza yasolwandle kamuva yashiywa ngo-1940.

ukuthuthukisa umkhumbi we-AA.