Umncintiswano wabakhiqizi
Umcimbi wokukhiqiza ku-ATR consortium kwaba ukutholwa kwesitifiketi sohlobo kanye nokulethwa kwempahla yokuqala eyi-ATR 72-600F. Indiza ya-odwa yi-FedEx Express, amayunithi angama-30 kanye nezinketho ezingama-20.
Ngonyaka odlule, izitshalo ze-Embraer, i-Comac, i-Bombardier/de Havilland, i-ATR kanye ne-Sukhoi zinikeze izindiza ngezindiza zokuxhumana zesifunda eziyi-120, i.e. 48% ngaphansi konyaka odlule. Imiphumela ibiphakathi kwemibi kakhulu emashumini eminyaka ngenxa ye-COVID-19 kanye nokwehla okukhulu kokuhamba kwezindiza kanye nesidingo sezindiza ezintsha. Umkhiqizi ohamba phambili useyi-Brazilian Embraer, enikele ngama-E-Jets angama-44 (-51%). I-Chinese Comac (24 ARJ21-700) iqophe ukwanda okuphindwe kabili kokukhiqizwa, kuyilapho i-ATR yehla izikhathi ezingu-6,8. Ukwengeza, i-Xian MA700 turboprop yaseChina yayisesigabeni sokwakhiwa kwe-prototype, futhi uhlelo lwe-Mitsubishi's SpaceJet lwamiswa okwesikhashana.
Imizila yesifunda ithatha ingxenye enkulu yemakethe yezokuthutha emoyeni yomhlaba wonke. Basebenzisa kakhulu izindiza ezinomthamo wezihlalo eziyishumi nambili, ezidume kakhulu kuzo amajethi: i-Embraery E-Jets ne-ERJ, iBombardiery CRJ, i-Suchoj Superjet SSJ100 nama-turboprops: ATR 42/72, Bombardiery Dash Q, SAAB 340 no-de Havilland Twin. I-Otter.
Izinkampani zezindiza zasebenzisa amajethi esifunda angu-8000 ngonyaka odlule, okuhlanganisa u-27% wezindiza zomhlaba wonke. Inombolo yabo yashintsha ngamandla, ikhombisa umthelela we-coronavirus emsebenzini wabathwali (kusuka ku-20 kuya ku-80% wendiza ekhishwe emsebenzini). Ngo-Agasti, iphesenti eliphansi kakhulu lendiza emile lirekhodwe i-Bombardier CRJ700/9/10 (29%) kanye ne-Embraery E-Jets (31%), nephezulu kakhulu ye-CRJ100/200 (57%).
Ukuncintisana nokuhlanganiswa embonini yezindiza kubangele abakhiqizi bezindiza besifunda abambalwa abasebenza emakethe njengamanje. Ezinkulu kunazo zonke yilezi: i-Brazilian Embraer, i-Chinese Comac, i-French-Italian ATR, i-Russian Sukhoi, i-Canadian de Havilland kanye ne-Japanese Mitsubishi, futhi kamuva nje i-Ilyushin yaseRussia ene-Il-114-300.
I-Embraer ikhiqize ama-E-Jets angu-44, iningi lawo i-E175 (amayunithi angu-32). Isithombe sibonisa i-E175 ngemibala yenkampani yesifunda yaseMelika i-American Eagle.
Umsebenzi womdidiyeli ngo-2020
Ngonyaka odlule, abakhiqizi baletha izindiza zokuxhumana zesifunda eziyi-120 kubathwali, okuhlanganisa: Embraer - 44 (37% share market), Comac - 24 (20%), Bombardier/Mitsubishi - 17, Suchoj - 14, de Havilland - 11 kanye ne-ATR - 10 Lokhu kungaphansi kwe-109 kunonyaka odlule (229) futhi ngaphansi kwe-121 kuno-2018. izihlalo zabagibeli (isakhiwo sekilasi elilodwa).
Idatha yokukhiqiza ka-2020 ekhishwe izimboni ikhombise ukuthi ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 lube nomthelela omubi kanjani emiphumeleni yabo. Ayemabi kakhulu emashumini eminyaka, ngenxa yokwehla okukhulu kwesidingo sokuhamba ngendiza kanye nokwehla okuhlobene nama-oda wendiza entsha. Uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule, ukwehla okukhulu kokukhiqiza, izikhathi ezingu-6,8, kuqoshwe ilebula yesiFulentshi-Italian i-ATR (Avions de Transport Régional), kanye ne-Brazilian Embraer (Empresa Brasileira de Aeronáutica SA) - izikhathi ezingu-2. I-Comac (Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China) kuphela ebike imiphumela emihle, iletha izindiza eziningi eziphindwe kabili kubathwali. Lapho kuhlolwa ukusebenza kwe-Bombardier, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi ngokudayiswa kohlelo lwendiza ye-CRJ kwaMitsubishi, umkhiqizi waseCanada wanquma ukungawamukeli ama-oda amasha, futhi yonke imisebenzi yawo ngonyaka odlule yayigxile ekugcwaliseni izibopho ezidlulelwe yisikhathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Russian Il-114-300 turboprop yenza indiza yayo yokuqala, kuyilapho i-Chinese Xian MA700 isesiteji sokuhlolwa okumile kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-prototype yokuhlolwa kwendiza. Kodwa-ke, i-Mitsubishi SpaceJet (eyayiyi-MRJ) eyake yakhiqizwa ngaphambili yaqhubeka nokuhlolwa kwayo kwezitifiketi izinyanga ezimbalwa, njengoba lonke uhlelo lwamiswa okwesikhashana ngo-Okthoba. Ngonyaka wesibili olandelanayo, i-Antonov An-148 ayikhiqizwa, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuwohloka kobudlelwane bezomnotho base-Ukraine-Russian (indiza yakhiqizwa ngokubambisana eduze ne-Aviat plant e-Kyiv kanye ne-VASO yaseRussia).
44 izindiza ze-Embraer
I-Embraer yaseBrazil ingumkhiqizi wesithathu ngobukhulu wezindiza zokuxhumana emhlabeni. Ilokhu isemakethe yezindiza kusukela ngo-1969 futhi isilethe amayunithi angu-8000 10. Ngokwesilinganiso, njalo ngemizuzwana eyi-145 indiza eyenziwe nge-Embraer isuka endaweni ethile emhlabeni, ithwala abagibeli abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-44 ngonyaka. Ngonyaka odlule, u-Embraer wethule izindiza zokuxhumana ezingama-89 kubaqhubi, okuyisigamu esilingana nonyaka owandulele (32). Phakathi kwezimoto ezikhiqizwe yilezi: 175 E7, 195 E2-E4, 190 E2-E190 kanye ne-EXNUMX eyodwa.
Ama-Embraers angu-175 (amayunithi angu-32) alethwe kubathwali besifunda baseMelika: i-United Express (amayunithi angu-16), i-American Eagle (9), i-Delta Connection (6) kanye neyodwa ye-Belarusian Belavia. Izindiza ze-American Eagle, Delta Connection kanye ne-Belorussian Lines zenzelwe ukuthwala abagibeli abangu-76 ngendlela yezigaba ezimbili (eziyi-12 kwezamabhizinisi nezingu-64 kwezomnotho), kuyilapho i-United Express ithwala abagibeli abangu-70. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, indiza yayiyalelwe opharetha abakhulu baseMelika i-United Airlines (16) kanye ne-American Airlines (8), ehloselwe abathwali abangaphansi abaletha abagibeli ezindaweni zabo.
Umamukeli we-Embraer 190 eyodwa kwaba umugqa wesifunda waseFrance HOP! Inkampani yezindiza ye-Air France. I-odwe ekucushweni kwesigaba esisodwa nezihlalo eziyi-100 zesigaba somnotho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindiza ezine zesizukulwane esisha i-Embraer 190-E2 zadluliselwa ku-Swiss Helvetic Airways. Njengazo zonke ezinye zalesi sithwali, zihlonyiselwe ukuthwala abagibeli abangu-110 ezihlalweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Inombolo enkulu kunazo zonke, izindiza eziyisikhombisa, zakhiqizwa enguqulweni ye-E195-E2. Abayisithupha kubo bebekade benenkontileka yinkampani yase-Ireland eqashisayo i-AerCap yezindleko eziphansi zaseBrazil i-Azul Linhas Aéreas (5) kanye neBelarusian Belavia. Indiza yemigqa yaseBrazil iklanyelwe ukuthwala abagibeli abangu-136 ekucushweni kweklasi elilodwa, kanye ne-Belarusian-class-class - abagibeli abangu-124. I-E195-E2 eyodwa (kwayi-13 e-odiwe) yakhiqizelwa i-Nigerian Air Peace ekupheleni konyaka. I-African Line iyi-opharetha yokuqala eyethula izinto ezintsha, ezibizwa kanjalo. umklamo omangelengele wokuhlela izihlalo zekilasi lebhizinisi. Indiza ihlelwe ngokwezigaba ezimbili kubagibeli abangu-124 (abangu-12 kwezamabhizinisi nabangu-112 kwezomnotho). Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukusebenza kwe-E195-E2 yakamuva kungcono kunamamodeli amadala we-E195. Izindleko zokunakekela ziphansi ngo-20% (izikhathi zokuhlola eziyisisekelo amahora angu-10-25) kanti ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli umgibeli ngamunye kungaphansi ngo-1900%. Lokhu kwakubangelwa ikakhulukazi isitshalo samandla esinomnotho (izinjini zochungechunge lwePratt & Whitney PWXNUMXG ezinezinga eliphakeme lamandla ahamba kabili), amaphiko athuthuke kakhulu emoyeni (amaphiko athathelwa indawo ngamaphiko), kanye nezinhlelo ezintsha ze-avionics.
