Ukushisa komoya akusebenzi: ungakugwema kanjani ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke emotweni yakho

Uhambo lwasehlobo ngemoto indololwane yesokunxele ikhiphe ifasitela futhi amanye amafasitela evulekile ukuze kungene umoya ngokuphelele ekhabetheni yinto yesikhathi esidlule. Iningi labashayeli namuhla banama-air-conditioning ezimotweni zabo enza ukushayela endaweni eshisayo kube ntofontofo. Kodwa-ke, izinhlelo zokulawula isimo sezulu ngezimoto ziyizinto eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezisengozini ezimweni ezinzima zomgwaqo. Kungenzeka yini ukusungula ngokushesha ukungasebenzi kahle okuvele ku-air conditioner futhi kufanelekile ukuzama ukuzilungisa ngokwakho?

I-air conditioner emotweni ayisebenzi - izimbangela nokuqedwa kwazo

I-air conditioner engavuli noma engavuli, kodwa engapholi indawo yabagibeli, iholela kumphumela odabukisayo ngokufanayo, nakuba izizathu zalokhu zingahluka kakhulu. Ukukhubazeka okuvame kakhulu ohlelweni lwe-air conditioning yemoto kubangelwa:

• ukuntuleka kwesiqandisi;
• ukungcoliswa kwe-air conditioner;
• isithiyo esikhulu;
• inkinga ye-compressor;
• ukwehluleka kwe-capacitor;
• ukwephulwa kwe-evaporator;
• ukwehluleka umamukeli;
• ukwehluleka kwe-valve ye-thermostatic;
• izinkinga zabalandeli;
• ukwehluleka kwenzwa yokucindezela;
• ukwehluleka ekusebenzeni kwesistimu kagesi.
  

  Lena yindlela i-air conditioning system esebenza ngayo emotweni.

Asikho isiqandisi esanele

Uma kukhona ukuntuleka kwesiqandisi ngendlela ye-freon ohlelweni, ivinjelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kulokhu, akusizi ukuzama ukuvula i-air conditioner usebenzisa iyunithi yokulawula. Ayikho inkinga encane imizamo yokunxephezela ngokuzimela ukushoda kwe-freon ohlelweni. Ochwepheshe bathi akunakwenzeka ngezobuchwepheshe ukwenza lo msebenzi egaraji. Ikakhulukazi uma kukhona ukuvuza kwesiqandisi ohlelweni, okungenakwenzeka ukukubona ngokwakho. Imizamo yabanye abashayeli bezimoto yokugcwalisa uhlelo ngo-R134 freon bebodwa besebenzisa isifutho ivamise ukuphelela ngesando samanzi esicisha i-air conditioner. Ochwepheshe esiteshini sesevisi bagcwalisa uhlelo lwe-air conditioning nge-freon besebenzisa ukufakwa okukhethekile kanye nenkokhelo yesevisi ebangeni lama-ruble angu-700-1200.

Ochwepheshe abatusi ukugcwalisa uhlelo lwesimo sezulu nge-freon ngokwabo, nakuba abanye abashayeli bezimoto benza lokhu ngamazinga ahlukene empumelelo.

Ukungcoliswa kwesimo somoya

Le nkinga iyimbangela evame kakhulu yokwehluleka kwesistimu yokubhala ikhodi ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ukunqwabelana kokungcola nomswakama kubangela ukugqwala kumapayipi olayini kanye ne-condenser, okuholela ekugcineni ekucindezelekeni kwesekethe yokupholisa. Njengendlela yokuvimbela lesi simo, kufanele ugeze imoto yakho kaningi ngokuwashwa kwemoto, noma ungakhohlwa mayelana negumbi lenjini lapho ugeza imoto yakho. Izimpawu zokungcoliswa kwe-air conditioner ngokweqile yilezi:

• ukwehluleka kwesistimu ukuvula;
• ukuvala shaqa ngokuzenzekelayo ngenkathi ungenzi lutho esiminyaminyeni sezimoto;
• ukuvala shaqa lapho ushayela ngesivinini esiphansi.

Lesi simo sichazwa ngokushisa okweqile kwedivayisi, okuholela ekwandeni kokucindezela kumjikelezo kanye nokuvala okuzenzakalelayo okulandelayo kwesistimu. Uma ushayela ngesivinini esikhulu, ukuvunguza komoya okunamandla kwezingxenye zesistimu ye-air conditioning kuzivumela ukuthi ziphole bese isiphephetha-moya sivula futhi. Lesi simo siyisignali ecacile yokugeza izimoto ngokuphelele.

Kulesi simo, uhlelo lwe-air conditioning cishe alukwazi ukudala izimo ezikhululekile ku-cabin.

Ukuvinjwa kwesifunda

Lesi simo siwukuqhubeka kwalokhu okungenhla futhi singesinye sezizathu ezivame kakhulu zokwehluleka kwesistimu yokupholisa umoya. Ukungcola okunqwabelanayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto emagopheni omgwaqo omkhulu nasezindaweni ezinomfutho ophansi kuholela ekwakhekeni kwezimoto ezivimbela ukujikeleza kwesiqandisi futhi ziguqule isimo somoya sibe yithuluzi elingenamsebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kwe-compressor kusengozini, eqala ukuzwa ukuntuleka kokugcoba okuhlinzekwa nge-freon. Futhi ukusuka lapha akukude nokugcwala kwe-compressor - ukuwohloka okubiza kakhulu. Ukuze uqede ukuvinjelwa kwesifunda, kuzodingeka uhlukanise ingxenye ye-air conditioner bese uphonsa umugqa ngaphansi kwengcindezi.

Enye inkinga engenzeka ekusebenzeni kwesekethe ngokuvamile ukucindezeleka kwayo. Ngokuvamile, kuholela ekuguqulweni kwezimpawu kanye nama-gaskets ngaphansi kwethonya lezimo zezulu nezangaphandle. Okufanayo kungenzeka ngamapayipi amakhulu. Ukuze kuqedwe inkinga, kuyadingeka ukufaka esikhundleni izingxenye zesifunda esikhulu esiye sangasebenziseki, okunconywa ukuba sikwenze esiteshini sesevisi. Futhi njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, kufanele futhi uvule i-air conditioner okungenani izikhathi ezi-2 ngenyanga ebusika futhi uyivumele isebenze imizuzu eyi-10. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ebusika i-air conditioner ingavulwa kuphela lapho i-cabin ifudumele.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Compressor

Ngenhlanhla, le nkinga ayivamile ukwenzeka, ngoba isisombululo sayo, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, siyabiza. Futhi kuholela ekugugeni kweyunithi kusukela ekusebenzeni kwesikhathi eside, noma ukuntuleka kokugcoba. Isici sokugcina yisona esiyinhloko futhi siwumphumela wezizathu ezixoxwe ngenhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-compressor enamathele ingabangela ukuthi isibandisi somoya sisebenze isikhathi eside ngokweqile ngaphandle kokusivula. Ezimweni eziningi, i-compressor ehlanganisiwe idinga ukushintshwa kwayo, okungenziwa kuphela ngosizo lochwepheshe.

Kulula kakhulu ukuxazulula inkinga ehambisana nokuhluleka kwe-compressor ukusebenza ngenxa yesimo sebhande lokushayela. Uma ibuthakathaka noma idabukile ngokuphelele, kufanele iqiniswe noma ifakwe entsha. Yomibili le misebenzi ingaphakathi kwamandla anoma yimuphi umshayeli. Njengendlela yokuvimbela, kunconywa ukuthi uhlole njalo ibhande lokushayela. Ngisho noma ivamise ukushuba, umonakalo omncane kuyo kufanele kakade usebenze njengesignali yokushintshwa kwayo.

Yilokhu okubukeka kwesici esibaluleke kakhulu sesistimu ye-air conditioning

Ukuhluleka kwe-Capacitor

I-condenser ye-air conditioning system, ephambi kwe-radiator yemoto, ithola umoya ozayo ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, ohambisana nawo umswakama, ukungcola, uthuli, udoti, nezinambuzane. Konke lokhu kuvala amaseli e-condenser futhi kunciphisa kakhulu izinqubo zokushintshanisa ukushisa, ngenxa yalokho idivayisi ishisa ngokweqile. Lokhu kuthinta ngokushesha lapho imoto isesiminyaminya noma ishayela ngesivinini esiphansi, njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla.

Lesi sici sesimo sezulu semoto simi phambi kwe-radiator futhi sithatha wonke udoti olethwa umoya ozayo.

Ukuze ulungise inkinga, vula i-condenser ngomoya ocindezelwe noma uyishaye ngamanzi anomfutho ophezulu. Kulokhu, kunconywa ukususa i-grille ye-radiator emotweni, ukhulule ama-bolts akhuphukayo ku-condenser futhi uthole ukufinyelela ohlangothini lwawo olungemuva. Isikhiphi sezinambuzane esisetshenziswayo singayihlanza kahle i-condenser phakathi nengxenye yehora, futhi uphethiloli ungasusa amadiphozithi kawoyela nokunye ukungcola kuwo.

Uma ama-honeycombs akhubazekile atholakala ku-radiator ye-condenser, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuwaqondisa ngezinto zokhuni ezifana ne-toothpick.

Ukuhluleka kwe-evaporator

Ngokuvamile, ukuvula i-air conditioner kuhambisana nokubonakala kwephunga elimnandi ekamelweni. Umthombo wabo yi-evaporator, etholakala ngaphansi kwedeshibhodi futhi imele irediyetha. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, iyakwazi ukuvala uthuli futhi iqongelele umswakama, okudala izimo ezikahle zokukhiqizwa kwama-microorganisms, akhipha iphunga elibi.

Ungalungisa isimo ngokwakho ngokusebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekile elifuthwe ngekani le-aerosol. Kodwa-ke, kufaneleka kakhulu ukuphendukela kochwepheshe abanazo izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokuhlanza i-biological kanye ne-ultrasonic hhayi kuphela kwe-radiator evaporator, kodwa nawo wonke amapayipi omoya aseduze. Lokhu kufiseleka kakhulu, njengoba i-evaporator evalekile, ngaphezu kwephunga elingafuneki, ingaba umthombo wezifo ezithathelwanayo.

Kusuka kulo mshini lapho kungavela khona iphunga elibi ngaphakathi emotweni.

Ukuhluleka kokuhlunga okomisa

Uma isistimu ye-air conditioning yemoto yona ngokuvala okuzenzakalelayo okuzenzakalelayo, futhi amapayipi esistimu embozwe isithwathwa, lokhu kubonisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwesamukeli, esibizwa nangokuthi isihlungi somile. Umsebenzi wawo ukususa uketshezi ohlelweni nokuhlunga isiqandisi. Isihlungi sikhipha i-freon emikhiqizweni yemfucuza evela ku-compressor.

Akunzima ukufika kule divayisi, okungenakushiwo mayelana nokuzibona ukuvuza.

Ngokuvamile, icala lokucindezeleka komemukeli, ngenxa yokuthi liyeka ukwenza imisebenzi yalo, i-freon ngokwayo, isibonelo, amamaki R12 no-134a. Iqukethe i-fluorine ne-chlorine, isiqandisi, lapho sihlanganiswa namanzi, sakha ama-acids aqeda izakhi ze-air conditioner. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi be-air conditioner batusa ukuthi abathengi bashintshe okomisa okokuhlunga okungenani kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-1.

I-depressurization yomamukeli kanye nokuvuza kwe-freon kuyo kuhambisana nokwakheka kokumiswa okumhlophe ebusweni bedivayisi. Ngemva kokuqaphela lokhu, kubalulekile ukuphendukela ngokushesha kochwepheshe abazogcwalisa uhlelo ngegesi likadayi futhi basheshe bathole ukuvuza besebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Ezimweni zegalaji le-amateur, kuyinkinga ukwenza lokhu uwedwa.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-valve yokwandisa

Lesi sici se-air conditioner senzelwe ukwandisa umbuso wokushisa futhi ubhanqe nokucindezela ohlelweni, okudingekayo esimweni esivamile sesiqandisi. Uma i-valve yokwandisa ihluleka, kuzoba nokuphazamiseka ekunikezeni umoya obandayo. Ngokuvamile, ukuqandisa kwamapayipi amakhulu kubonakala.

Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuhluleka kwale ngxenye ye-air conditioner ukulimala komshini noma ukulungiswa okungalungile. Esimweni sokugcina, kuyadingeka ukulungisa ukulungiswa, futhi ukulimala komshini kudinga ukushintshwa kwedivayisi. Kukhona futhi izimo lapho ukungcoliswa kwesistimu kubangela i-valve yokwandisa ibe yi-jam, okudinga futhi ukushintshwa kwayo.

Ngokuvamile, lesi sisetshenziswa esinephutha kufanele sishintshwe.

Ukuhluleka kwabalandeli

Lesi sici sohlelo lwe-automotive air conditioning alukho kuwo wonke ama-air conditioner, futhi lapho lukhona, aluvamile ukwehluleka. Kodwa-ke, uma lokhu kwenzeka, kuzwakala ngokupholisa kancane kwekhompathi yabagibeli, noma ngokuvala idivayisi. Imisebenzi yefeni ukupholisa i-freon kanye nokugqugquzela ukugeleza komoya obandayo kukhabethe. Uma i-fan ihluleka, isiqandisisi sishisa ngokweqile, siphakamisa ingcindezi ohlelweni, okuvimbela ngokuzenzakalelayo ukusebenza kwayo. Umlandeli angase ahluleke ngenxa:

• ukuphulwa kwesekethe yokunikeza amandla;
• ukuphuka kwe-motor kagesi;
• ukugqoka okuthwala;
• ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinzwa zokucindezela;
• ukukhubazeka kwemishini kuma-blades.

Ngokuvamile, abashayeli bezimoto bathola kalula othintana nabo abangathembekile kunethiwekhi kagesi futhi baqede ukungasebenzi kahle. Ngokuqondene nokukhubazeka kwangaphakathi kwe-fan, lapha ngokuvamile kufanele uphendukele kochwepheshe noma ushintshe ngokuphelele iyunithi.

Ukuwohloka kwayo kubonakala ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-air conditioner.

Ukwehluleka kwenzwa yokucindezela

Lesi sici sesistimu yokupholisa ingaphakathi lemoto yakhelwe ukuvala i-air conditioner lapho ingcindezi ohlelweni ikhuphuka ngokweqile, njengoba ingcindezi engaphezu kwesilinganiso ingaholela ekubhujisweni ngokomzimba kohlelo. Inzwa yokucindezela nayo inesibopho sokuvula noma ukuvala ifeni ngesikhathi. Imvamisa, inzwa yokucindezela iyehluleka ngenxa yokungcoliswa ngokweqile, ukulimala komshini, noma othintana nabo abaphukile kuzixhumi. Ngosizo lokuxilongwa kwekhompiyutha esiteshini sesevisi, ukwehluleka ekusebenzeni kwale divayisi kutholakala ngokushesha okukhulu. Ezimweni zegaraji, lokhu kuyinkinga, kodwa ngemva kokwenza ukuxilongwa okulungile, akunzima ukushintsha inzwa engasebenzi kahle ngokwakho. Lokhu kuzodinga imbobo yokubuka kanye nesikrufu esivulekayo kokuthi "14". Inqubo yokushintsha ingxenye imi kanje:

1. Kuyadingeka ukucisha injini, ngoba ukushintshwa kwenziwa kuphela ngokucisha umlilo.
2. Bese udinga ukunyakazisa kancane isivikelo sebhampa yepulasitiki futhi uthole ukufinyelela kunzwa yokucindezela etholakala kwesokudla.
3. Ukuze uyiqaqe, khulula i-latch kupulaki bese unqamula izintambo ezixhunyiwe.
4. Manje kuyadingeka ukukhulula inzwa nge-wrench, ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuvuza kwe-freon, ngoba uhlelo lune-valve ekhethekile yokuphepha.
5. Ngemuva kwalokho, kusala kuphela ukujiya idivayisi entsha kule ndawo futhi wenze izinyathelo zangaphambilini ngokulandelana.
   

   Lo mniningwane omncane unikezwe amandla okucisha ngokuzenzakalelayo lonke uhlelo lwesimo sezulu.

Ezinye izizathu okungenzeka ukuthi kungani i-air conditioner ingasebenzi

Uma ezimotweni eziningi izindawo zezinkinga ezithile engxenyeni kagesi zitholakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho-ke, ngokusho kochwepheshe, iphesenti le-solder esezingeni eliphansi kanye noxhumana nabo ababuthakathaka kuzixhumi kumasekhethi kagesi wamayunithi omoya aphakeme nakakhulu.

Imvamisa, ama-electronics angaphakathi ebhodini yiwona onecala ngokuhluleka kwe-air conditioner ukuvula. Isibonelo, lapho inkinobho yokuvula isistimu ye-air conditioning icindezelwa, isignali evela kuyo iya ku-electronic control unit (ECU) yemoto. Uma kukhona izinkinga kumjikelezo kagesi wesistimu noma kunkinobho ngokwayo, ikhompyutha ingase ingaphenduli esignali evela kunkinobho ye-air conditioner, futhi uhlelo ngeke lusebenze. Ngakho-ke, esimweni esinjalo futhi njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, kuyasiza "ukukhala" umjikelezo kagesi wesistimu ye-air conditioning kanye nenkinobho yamandla ngokwayo usebenzisa i-multimeter.

Imvamisa, i-clutch ye-electromagnetic ye-compressor iyehluleka. Esiteshini sesevisi, ngokuvamile ishintshwa ngokuphelele. Le ngxenye iyabiza, kodwa akunconywa ukuyilungisa ezingxenyeni futhi ngokuzimela, njengoba umkhuba ubonisa. Okokuqala, izingxenye zayo ngazinye sezizonke zizobiza cishe okufana ne-clutch entsha, futhi, okwesibili, ukuzilungisa ngokwakho kunzima futhi kuthatha isikhathi esiningi namandla okwethuka.

Le ngxenye ebizayo ngokuvamile kufanele ishintshwe ngokuphelele.

Ukuzilungisa kuyakufanelekela?

Isibonelo esine-electronic compressor clutch sibonisa ukuthi ukuzilungisa kwezakhi ezihlulekile zesistimu ye-auto air conditioning akulungile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Nakuba ngezinga elifanele leziqu zomshayeli, kuyamukeleka futhi kuvame ukwenziwa. Isilinganiso sezindleko zezinto zomuntu ngamunye zesistimu ye-air conditioning yemoto (kuye ngokuthi isigaba sayo kanye nomkhiqizo) kanye nentengo yokulungiswa esiteshini sesevisi ingahlulelwa ngezibalo ezilandelayo:

• I-clutch ye-elekthronikhi ye-compressor ibiza ebangeni lama-ruble ayi-1500-6000;
• i-compressor ngokwayo - ruble 12000-23000;
• evaporator - 1500-7000 ruble;
• i-valve yokwandisa - ama-ruble angu-2000-3000;
• I-radiator ye-air conditioner - ama-ruble angu-3500-9000;
• Isihlungi se-cabin - ruble 200-800;
• ukugcwalisa uhlelo nge-freon, i-compressor oil - ama-ruble angu-700-1200.

Izindleko zokulungisa zincike enkingeni yayo, uhlobo lwemoto, uhlobo lwe-air conditioner yayo kanye nezinga lesithunzi sesiteshi sesevisi. Uma siqhubeka kusuka ezinkomba ezijwayelekile, khona-ke ukulungiswa okuphelele kwe-compressor, isibonelo, kubiza phakathi kwama-ruble angu-2000-2500, futhi ukuxosha uhlelo lwe-air conditioning lwesifunda esisodwa (+ flushing fluid) kungaholela kuma-ruble angu-10000. Ukushintsha i-pulley ye-compressor, okulula ukuyenza ngokwakho, izindleko (ngaphandle kwezindleko zebhande ngokwayo) okungenani ama-ruble angu-500. Uma sithatha intengo yokulungiswa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-air conditioner emotweni ye-premium ngokushintshwa kwefriji, uwoyela kanye ne-compressor njengophahla olunemibandela, inani lingafinyelela kuma-ruble angu-40000.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukwehluleka kwe-air conditioner

I-air conditioner esebenza kahle emotweni entsha isadinga ukuhlolwa njalo eminyakeni engu-2-3. Le mfuneko ichazwa yiqiniso lokuthi ngisho nesistimu evalwe ngokuphelele minyaka yonke ilahlekelwa cishe ku-15% we-freon ejikelezayo kuyo. Imoto esifinyelele eminyakeni engu-6 isivele ingaphansi kokuhlolwa kwaminyaka yonke kwesistimu yayo yesimo sezulu, njengoba ama-gaskets emajoyini aguga ngesikhathi sokusebenza, futhi imifantu emincane ibonakala kumapayipi amakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengesinyathelo sokuvimbela, ochwepheshe batusa:

1. Faka i-mesh eyengeziwe kubhampa ukuze uvikele irediyetha ye-air conditioner emfucumfucwini namatshe amancane. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezimotweni ezinama-radiator grilles anezikhala ezinkulu.
2. Vula njalo i-air conditioner nangesikhathi eside sokuphumula kwemoto, ngisho nasebusika. Ukusebenza kwemizuzu engu-10 kwedivayisi izikhathi ezimbalwa ngenyanga kuzosiza ukugwema ukomiswa kwezakhi eziyinhloko.
3. Vala idivayisi yesimo sezulu ngaphambi nje kokuphela kohambo nesitofu sisebenza, okuvumela umoya ofudumele ukuba womise imigudu yomoya, kungashiyi ithuba lokuba amagciwane aphindaphindeke kuwo.

Ividiyo: indlela yokuhlola ngokushesha ukusebenza kwe-air conditioner ngokwakho

Ukuxilongwa kwe-air conditioner ngokwakho

Ukwehluleka ekusebenzeni kwesistimu yesimo sezulu yemoto kungabangelwa yizo zombili izinkinga ezijulile kudivayisi ehambisana nokusebenza okungalungile kwezakhi zayo ngazinye, kanye nokuntuleka kwesiqandisi esiyisisekelo. Kodwa kunoma yikuphi, izenzo zokuvimbela, ezivezwe ngokuyinhloko ekunakekeleni ukuhlanzeka kwemoto yakho, zikhokha izikhathi eziningi ngokukhanya kwezindleko zokulungisa ezilandelayo.