Lapho i-ecology iphikisana nezinsiza ezivuselelekayo

Izinhlangano ezilwela imvelo muva nje zigxeke kakhulu iBhange Lomhlaba ngesikweletu esihlinzekwe ukwakha idamu i-Inga 3 emfuleni obizwa ngeCongo. Kungenye ingxenye yephrojekthi enkulu yokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi ezohlinzeka izwe elikhulukazi lase-Afrika ngamaphesenti angama-90 ezidingo zalo zikagesi (1).

1. Ukwakhiwa kwesiteshi sikagesi esiphehla ugesi i-Inga-1 e-Congo, esasebenza ngo-1971.

Abezemvelo bathi izoya emadolobheni amakhulu nacebile kuphela. Kunalokho, bahlongoza ukwakhiwa kwama-micro-installations asekelwe kuma-solar panel. Lokhu kuyingxenye eyodwa nje emzabalazweni oqhubekayo emhlabeni ubuso bomhlaba obunamandla.

Inkinga, ethinta iPoland ngokwengxenye, ukunwetshwa kokubusa kwamazwe athuthukile emazweni asathuthuka emkhakheni wobuchwepheshe obusha bamandla.

Akukhona nje ukubusa mayelana nenqubekelaphambili enkulu yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi mayelana nokufaka ingcindezi emazweni ampofu ukuba asuke ezinhlotsheni ezithile zamandla ezifaka isandla kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwe-carbon dioxide, maqondana ne- amandla e-carbon aphansi. Kwesinye isikhathi kuvela izimanga emzabalazweni walabo abanobuso bezobuchwepheshe ngokwengxenye futhi ngokwengxenye besopolitiki.

I-Breakthrough Institute yaseCalifornia, eyaziwa ngokukhuthaza izindlela zamandla ahlanzekile, ithi embikweni othi “Iplanethi Yethu Yamandla Aphezulu” ukuthi Ukuthuthukisa amapulazi elanga kanye nezinye izinhlobo zamandla avuselelekayo emazweni omhlaba wesithathu kuyi-neo-colonial futhi akuhambisani nezimiso zokuziphatha ngoba kuvame ukukhinyabeza intuthuko yamazwe ampofu egameni lezidingo zemvelo.

Umhlaba Wesithathu: Isiphakamiso Sobuchwepheshe obuphansi

2. Ukukhanya kwamandla adonsela phansi

Amandla ekhabhoni ephansi ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe nezinqubo ezinciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide.

Lokhu kubandakanya ugesi ophehlwa ngumoya, welanga kanye nophehlwa ngamanzi - okusekelwe ekwakhiweni kweziteshi zikagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi, amandla avela ku-geothermal kanye nokufakwa kusetshenziswa amagagasi olwandle.

Amandla enuzi athathwa njengekhabhoni ephansi ngokujwayelekile, kodwa ayimpikiswano ngenxa yokusebenzisa kwawo uphethiloli wenuzi ongavuseleleki.

Ngisho nobuchwepheshe bokushiswa kukaphethiloli wezinto ezimbiwa phansi bungabhekwa njengekhabhoni ephansi, inqobo nje uma buhlanganiswe nokunciphisa i-CO2 kanye/noma namasu okuthwebula.

Amazwe omhlaba wesithathu avame ukuhlinzekwa ngezixazululo zamandla "ezincane" ezikhiqizayo amandla ahlanzekilekodwa ngesilinganiso esincane. Lokhu, isibonelo, ukuklanywa kweGravityLight (2), okwakuhloswe ngayo ukukhanyisa izindawo ezikude zomhlaba Wesithathu.

Izindleko zisuka ku-30 ​​kuye ku-45 zloty ngesiqephu ngasinye. I-GravityLight ilenga ophahleni. Intambo ilenga ocingweni, okunamathiselwe kuso isikhwama esigcwele amakhilogremu ayisishiyagalolunye omhlaba namatshe. Njengoba yehla, i-ballast izungeza igiya ngaphakathi kweGravityLight.

Ishintsha isivinini esiphansi sibe yijubane eliphezulu ngokusebenzisa u-gearbox - okwanele ukushayela ijeneretha encane ku-1500 kuya ku-2000 rpm. Ijeneretha ikhiqiza ugesi okhanyisa isibani. Ukuze kugcinwe izindleko ziphansi, izingxenye eziningi zedivayisi zenziwe ngepulasitiki.

Ukwehliswa okukodwa kwesikhwama se-ballast kwanele isigamu sehora lokukhanya. Omunye umqondo enomdlandla futhi ehlanzekile kunendlu yangasese yelanga yamazwe omhlaba wesithathu. Idizayini yemodeli ye-Sol-Char (3) ayinakho ukusekela. Ababhali, iqembu i-Reinvent the Toilet, basizwa nguBill Gates uqobo kanye nesisekelo sakhe, esiphethwe unkosikazi wakhe uMelinda.

Umgomo walo msebenzi bekuwukwakha “indlu yangasese engenamanzi, ehlanzekile engadingi ukuxhunywa indle” ngemali engaphansi kwamasenti amahlanu ngosuku. I-prototype ishintsha indle ibe uphethiloli. Uhlelo lwe-Sol-Char luwashisisa aze afike ku-5°C. Umthombo wamandla adingekayo kulokhu yilanga. Umphumela walolu hlelo kuba into eqinile, efana namalahle engasetshenziswa nje njengophethiloli noma umanyolo.

Abadali bomklamo bagcizelela izimfanelo zayo zokuhlanzeka. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi zingu-1,5 million izingane ezifa minyaka yonke emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yokwehluleka ukuphatha kahle indle. Akukona nje ukuqondana ukuthi idivayisi ikhonjiswe okokuqala eNew Delhi, e-India, lapho le nkinga, njengakulo lonke elaseNdiya, ibucayi kakhulu.

I-athomu ingaba nkulu, kodwa...

Ngaleso sikhathi, umagazini i-NewScientist ucaphuna uDavid Ockwell waseNyuvesi yaseSussex. Phakathi nengqungquthela yakamuva e-UK, unikeze abantu abangaba ngu-300 4 okokuqala ngqa. amakhaya eKenya ahlome ngamaphaneli elanga (XNUMX).

4. I-solar panel ophahleni lwendlu yaseKenya.

Khona-ke, noma kunjalo, wavuma engxoxweni ukuthi amandla avela kulo mthombo anele ... ukushaja ifoni, amandla amalambu okukhanya asekhaya amaningana futhi, mhlawumbe, uvule umsakazo, kodwa amanzi abilayo eketela ahlala engafinyeleleki kubasebenzisi. . . Yebo, abantu baseKenya bangathanda ukuxhunywa kugridi kagesi evamile.

Siya ngokuya sizwa ukuthi abantu asebempofu kunabaseYurophu noma baseMelika akufanele bathwale umthwalo wezindleko zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amandla njengezitshalo zamandla kagesi ngamanzi noma amandla enuzi nazo ikhabhoni ephansi. Kodwa-ke, izinhlangano zezemvelo nezishoshovu azizithandi lezi zindlela futhi babhikishela ama-reactors namadamu emazweni amaningi.

Yiqiniso, akuzona izishoshovu kuphela, kodwa nabahlaziyi begazi elibandayo banokungabaza mayelana ne-athomu nomqondo wezomnotho wokudala izikhungo ezinkulu zikagesi wamanzi. I-Bent Flyvbjerg yase-Oxford University isanda kushicilela ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kwamaphrojekthi kagesi wamanzi angama-234 phakathi kuka-1934 no-2007.

Kubonisa ukuthi cishe zonke izimali ezitshaliwe zidlule izindleko ezihleliwe kabili, zafakwa eminyakeni yokusebenza ngemva komnqamulajuqu futhi azizange zilinganiswe ngokomnotho, zingabuyiseli izindleko zokwakha lapho kufinyelela ukusebenza kahle okugcwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona iphethini ethile - iphrojekthi enkulu, "izinkinga" zezezimali.

Kodwa-ke, inkinga enkulu emkhakheni wezamandla ukumosha kanye nendaba yokulahlwa kwayo okuphephile nokugcinwa kwayo. Futhi nakuba izingozi ezikhungweni zamandla enuzi zenzeka ngokungavamile, isibonelo seFukushima yaseJapane sibonisa ukuthi kunzima kangakanani ukubhekana nalokho okwenzeka phakathi nengozi enjalo, okugeleza okuvela kuma-reactors bese kusala endaweni noma endaweni, uma iyinhloko. ama-alamu ahambile. akhanseliwe...