Ukuhlukaniswa kwamafutha enjini

Izinhlangano zamazinga nemboni ezifana ne-American Petroleum Institute (API), i-Association of European Automobile Designers (ACEA), i-Japan Automobile Standards Organisation (JASO), kanye ne-Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) zibeka izindinganiso ezithile zokuthambisa. Izinga ngalinye lichaza izici, izici ezibonakalayo (isb. viscosity), imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwenjini kanye nezinye izindlela zokwenza izinto zokuthambisa namafutha. Izithambisi ze-RIXX zithobelana ngokugcwele nezimfuneko ze-API, i-SAE ne-ACEA.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-API yamafutha enjini

Inhloso enkulu yohlelo lokuhlukaniswa kwamafutha enjini ye-API ukuhlukanisa ngekhwalithi. Ngokusekelwe ezigabeni, ukuqokwa kwencwadi kwabelwa ikilasi. Incwadi yokuqala ibonisa uhlobo lwenjini (S - uphethiloli, C - diesel), eyesibili - izinga lokusebenza (izinga eliphansi, eliphakeme lezinhlamvu zezinhlamvu).

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamafutha enjini ye-API yezinjini zikaphethiloli

Inkomba ye-API	Ukusebenza
СГ	1989-91 Izinjini
Ш	1992-95 Izinjini
SJ	1996-99 Izinjini
СЛ	2000-2003 Izinjini
Ы	izinjini 2004 - 2011 unyaka
Inombolo yomkhiqizo	izinjini 2010-2018
CH+	izinjini eziqondile zesimanje
Uhambo oluhlanganisile	izinjini eziqondile zesimanje

Ithebula "Ukuhlukaniswa kwamafutha enjini ngokuya nge-API yezinjini zikaphethiloli

I-API SL Standard

Amafutha ekilasi le-SL afanele ukushiswa okuthambile, okune-turbocharged kanye nezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ezinamavalvu amaningi anezidingo ezikhuphukile zokuhambisana nemvelo nokonga amandla.

I-API SM ejwayelekile

Izinga lavunywa ngo-2004. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-SL, i-anti-oxidation, i-anti-wear kanye ne-low-temperature properties iyathuthukiswa.

I-API ejwayelekile SN

Igunyazwe ngo-2010. Amafutha esigaba se-SN athuthukise izakhiwo ze-antioxidant, okokuhlanza kanye nezindawo ezivikela ukushisa, ahlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okuphezulu ekugqwaleni nasekuguge. Ilungele izinjini ezine-turbocharged. Amafutha e-SN angafaneleka ukonga amandla futhi ahlangabezane nezinga le-GF-5.

I-API SN+ ejwayelekile

Izinga lesikhashana lethulwa ngo-2018. Idizayinelwe izinjini ezine-turbocharged ezifakwe umjovo oqondile wamafutha. Amafutha e-SN+ avimbela ukushiswa kwe-in-cylinder pre-ignition (LSPI) avamile ezinjini eziningi zesimanje (GDI, TSI, njll.)

I-LSPI (Low Speed) ​Lena into evamile ezinjinini zesimanje ze-GDI, i-TSI, njll., lapho emithwalweni emaphakathi nesivinini esimaphakathi, ingxube yesibaseli somoya ithungela ngokuzenzakalelayo phakathi kokucindezelwa kwe-stroke. Umphumela uhlotshaniswa nokungena kwezinhlayiya ezincane zamafutha ekamelweni elivuthayo.

Standard API SP

5W-30SPGF-6A

Kwethulwe ngoMeyi 1, 2020 amafutha e-API SP adlula i-API SN kanye ne-API SN+ amafutha enjini ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

• Ukuvikelwa ekushisweni okungalawulwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwengxube yamafutha omoya (LSPI, Low Speed ​​​​Pre Ignition);
• Ukuvikelwa ekufakweni kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ku-turbocharger;
• Ukuvikelwa ekufakweni kokushisa okuphezulu ku-piston;
• Ukuvikelwa kokugqoka kweketango lesikhathi;
• Ukwakhiwa kwe-sludge ne-varnish;

Amafutha enjini yesigaba se-API SP angakwazi ukonga izinsiza (i-preservative, RC), lapho anikezwa isigaba se-ILSAC GF-6.

Hlola	I-API SP-RC ejwayelekile	I-API CH-RC
Ukulandelana kwe-VIE (ASTM D8114). Ukuthuthukiswa komnotho kaphethiloli ku-%, uwoyela omusha / ngemva kwamahora angu-125
xW-20a	3,8% / 1,8%	2,6% / 2,2%
xW-30a	3,1% / 1,5%	1,9% / 0,9%
10W-30 nabanye	2,8% / 1,3%	1,5% / 0,6%
Ukulandelana kwe-VIF (ASTM D8226)
xW-16a	4,1% / 1,9%	2,8% / 1,3%
Ukulandelana kwe-IIIHB (ASTM D8111), % phosphorus evela kuwoyela wangempela	Ubuncane obungu-81%	Ubuncane obungu-79%

Ithebula "Umehluko phakathi kwamazinga e-API SP-RC kanye ne-SN-RC"

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-API motor kawoyela wezinjini zikadizili

Inkomba ye-API	Ukusebenza
CF-4	Izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ezinemivimbo emine kusukela ngo-1990
CF-2	Izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ezinemivimbo emibili kusukela ngo-1994
KG-4	Izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ezinemivimbo emine kusukela ngo-1995
Ch-4	Izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ezinemivimbo emine kusukela ngo-1998
KI-4	Izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ezinemivimbo emine kusukela ngo-2002
I-KI-4 plus	izinjini 2010-2018
I-CJ-4	yethulwa ngo-2006
I-SK-4	yethulwe ngo-2016
FA-4	izinjini ze-diesel zomjikelezo wewashi ezihlangabezana nezidingo zokukhishwa kwe-2017.

Ithebula "Ukuhlukaniswa kwamafutha enjini ngokuya nge-API yezinjini zikadizili

I-API CF-4 ejwayelekile

Amafutha e-API CF-4 ahlinzeka ngokuvikeleka kumadiphozithi e-carbon kuma-piston futhi anciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-carbon monoxide. Idizayinelwe ukusetshenziswa ezinjinini ezivuthayo zedizili ezine-stroke ezine ezisebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu.

I-API CF-2 ejwayelekile

Amafutha e-API CF-2 aklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa ezinjinini zikadizili ezine-stroke. Ivimbela ukugqokwa kwesilinda nendandatho.

I-API Standard CG-4

Isusa ngempumelelo amadiphozithi, ukuguga, insipho, igwebu kanye ne-piston oxidation yokushisa ephezulu. Ububi obuyinhloko wukuncika kwensiza kawoyela ngekhwalithi kaphethiloli.

I-API CH-4 ejwayelekile

Amafutha e-API CH-4 ahlangabezana nezidingo ezikhulayo zokugqoka okuncishisiwe kwama-valve namadiphozithi ekhabhoni.

I-API CI-4 ejwayelekile

Izinga lethulwa ngo-2002. Amafutha e-CI-4 athuthukise izakhiwo zokuhlanza nezihlakazayo, ukumelana okuphezulu ne-oxidation eshisayo, ukusetshenziswa kwemfucuza ephansi kanye nokumpompa okungcono okubandayo uma kuqhathaniswa namafutha e-CH-4.

I-API CI-4 Plus Standard

Izinga lezinjini zikadizili ezinezidingo eziqinile zensimu.

I-CJ-4 ejwayelekile

Izinga lethulwa ngo-2006. Amafutha e-CJ-4 aklanyelwe izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ezifakwe izihlungi zezinhlayiya nezinye izinhlelo zokwelashwa kwegesi yokukhipha umoya. Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli onesulfure efinyelela ku-500 ppm kuvunyelwe.

I-CK-4 ejwayelekile

Izinga elisha lisekelwe ngokuphelele ku-CJ-4 yangaphambilini ngokwengezwa kokuhlolwa kwenjini okusha okubili, i-aeration ne-oxidation, kanye nokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri okuqinile. Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli onesulfure efinyelela ku-500 ppm kuvunyelwe.

1. Isivikelo sokupholisha i-cylinder liner
2. Ukuhambisana Kwesihlungi Se-Dizeli Particulate
3. Corrosion ukuvikelwa
4. Gwema ukuqina kwe-oxidative
5. Ukuvikelwa ekufakweni kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu
6. Ukuvikelwa kwensiza
7. Anti-wear properties

I-API FA-4

Isigaba se-FA-4 sakhelwe amafutha enjini kadizili ane-SAE xW-30 kanye ne-HTHS viscosities kusuka ku-2,9 kuya ku-3,2 cP. Amafutha anjalo aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukusetshenziswa ezinjini ezine-cylinder ezinesivinini esikhulu, zinokuhambisana okuhle neziguquli ze-catalytic, izihlungi ze-particle. Okuqukethwe kwesibabule okuvumelekile kuphethiloli akukho ngaphezu kwe-15 ppm. Izinga alihambisani nokucaciswa kwangaphambilini.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamafutha enjini ngokuya nge-ACEA

I-ACEA yi-European Automobile Manufacturers Association, ehlanganisa ndawonye abakhiqizi abangu-15 abakhulu base-Europe bezimoto, amaloli, amaveni namabhasi. Yasungulwa ngo-1991 ngaphansi kwegama lesiFulentshi i-l'Association des Constructeurs Européens d'Automobiles. Ekuqaleni, abasunguli bayo kwakungu: BMW, DAF, Daimler-Benz, FIAT, Ford, General Motors Europe, MAN, Porsche, Renault, Rolls Royce, Rover, Saab-Scania, Volkswagen, Volvo Car kanye ne-AB Volvo. Muva nje, le nhlangano ivule iminyango yayo kubakhiqizi abangewona abaseYurophu, ngakho manje iHonda, iToyota kanye neHyundai nayo ingamalungu enhlangano.

Izimfuneko ze-European Association of European Automobile Manufacturers zamafutha okugcoba zidlula kude lezo ze-American Petroleum Institute. Ukuhlukaniswa kwamafutha e-ACEA kwamukelwa ngo-1991. Ukuze uthole ukugunyazwa okusemthethweni, umenzi kufanele enze izivivinyo ezidingekayo ngokuhambisana nezidingo ze-EELQMS, inhlangano yaseYurophu ebhekele ukuhambisana nowoyela wezimoto namazinga e-ACEA kanye nelungu le-ATIEL.

Класс	Ukwaziswa
Amafutha ezinjini zikaphethiloli	Ax
Amafutha ezinjini zikadizili afinyelela ku-2,5 l	B x
Amafutha kaphethiloli nezinjini zikadizili afakwe iziguquli zegesi ephumayo	C x
Amafutha enjini kadizili angaphezu kwamalitha angu-2,5 (amaloli e-diesel asindayo)	Eyokuqala

Ithebula No. 1 "Ukuhlukaniswa kwamafutha enjini ngokuya nge-ACEA"

Ekilasini ngalinye kunezigaba eziningana, ezikhonjiswe izinombolo zesi-Arabhu (isibonelo, A5, B4, C3, E7, njll.):

1 - amafutha okonga amandla;

2 - amafutha asetshenziswe kabanzi;

3 - amafutha asezingeni eliphakeme anesikhathi eside sokushintsha;

4 - isigaba sokugcina samafutha anezindawo zokusebenza eziphezulu kakhulu.

Uma inani liphezulu, ziphakama izidingo zamafutha (ngaphandle kwe-A1 ne-B1).

UKUTHI 2021

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamafutha enjini ye-ACEA ngo-Ephreli 2021 kube nezinguquko ezithile. Ukucaciswa okusha kugxile ekuhloleni ukuthambekela kwamafutha okugcoba ukushiya amadiphozithi ezinjinini ezine-turbocharged futhi amelane nokuvutha kwangaphambili kwe-LSPI.

I-ACEA A/B: Amafutha omlotha agcwele kaphethiloli nezinjini zikadizili

I-ACEA A1 / B1

Amafutha ane-viscosity ephansi eyengeziwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye namazinga aphezulu okugunda asindisa uphethiloli futhi awalahlekelwa izici zawo zokugcoba. Asetshenziswa kuphela lapho kunconywe khona abakhiqizi benjini. Wonke amafutha emoto, ngaphandle kwesigaba A1 / B1, amelana nokuwohloka - ukubhujiswa ngesikhathi sokusebenza enjini yama-molecule e-polymer ye-thickener eyingxenye yawo.

I-ACEA A3 / B3

Amafutha okusebenza okuphezulu. Zisetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ekusebenzeni okuphezulu kukaphethiloli kanye nezinjini zedizili zokujova ezingaqondile ezimotweni zabagibeli namaloli amancane asebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima ezinezikhathi ezinde zokushintsha uwoyela.

I-ACEA A3 / B4

Amafutha okusebenza okuphezulu afanele izikhawu zokushintsha uwoyela ezinde. Zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinjini zikaphethiloli ezinesivinini esikhulu nasezinjini zikadizili zezimoto namaloli amancane anomjovo oqondile kaphethiloli, uma kunconyelwa uwoyela wale khwalithi. Ngokuqokwa, zihambisana namafutha enjini yesigaba A3 / B3.

I-ACEA A5 / B5

Amafutha anezinto zokusebenza eziphakeme kakhulu, anesikhawu sokudonsa isikhathi eside, anezinga eliphezulu lokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli. Zisetshenziswa kuphethiloli wejubane eliphezulu kanye nezinjini zikadizili zezimoto namaloli alula, aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukusetshenziswa kwe-viscosity ephansi, amafutha awonga amandla emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Idizayinelwe ukusetshenziswa nezikhawu ezinwetshiwe zokudonsa uwoyela wenjini**. Lawa mafutha angase angafaneleki ezinye izinjini. Kwezinye izimo, angeke anikeze ukugcoba kwenjini okuthembekile, ngakho-ke, ukunquma ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukusebenzisa uhlobo olulodwa noma olunye lwamafutha, umuntu kufanele aqondiswe yibhukwana lemiyalo noma izincwadi zokubhekisela.

I-ACEA A7 / B7

Amafutha enjini azinzile agcina izici zokusebenza kwawo njalo kuyo yonke impilo yawo yesevisi. Idizayinelwe ukusetshenziswa ezinjinini zezimoto namaloli amancane afakelwe umjovo kaphethiloli oqondile kanye ne-turbocharging enezikhawu zesevisi ezinwetshiwe. Njengamafutha e-A5/B5, aphinde ahlinzeke ngokuvikeleka ekushiseni ngesivinini esiphansi (LSPI), ukuguga kanye nokufaka ku-turbocharger. Lawa mafutha awafanele ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izinjini.

I-ACEA C: amafutha enjini kaphethiloli nezinjini zikadizili afakwe izihlungi zezinhlayiya (GPF/DPF)

I-ACEA C1

Amafutha omlotha ophansi ahambisana neziguquli zegesi ephumayo (okuhlanganisa izindlela ezintathu) nezihlungi zezinhlayiya zedizili. Zingamafutha awonga amandla ane-viscosity ephansi. Banokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-phosphorus, isulfure kanye nokuqukethwe okuphansi komlotha we-sulphated. Inweba impilo yezihlungi ze-diesel particulate kanye neziguquli ze-catalytic, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli wemoto**. Ngokukhishwa kwezinga le-ACEA 2020, alisetshenziswa.

I-ACEA C2

Amafutha omlotha amaphakathi (Ama-Mid Saps) wezinjini ezithuthukisiwe zikaphethiloli nezinjini zikadizili zezimoto namaloli amancane, aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha awonga amandla ane-viscosity ephansi. Ihambisana neziguquli zegesi ephumayo (kuhlanganise nezingxenye ezintathu) nezihlungi zezinhlayiya, kwandisa impilo yazo yesevisi, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli wezimoto**.

I-ACEA C3

Amafutha omlotha aphakathi nendawo aqinile ahambisana neziguquli zegesi eqeda amandla (kuhlanganise nezingxenye ezintathu) nezihlungi zezinhlayiya; ukwandisa ukuphila kwayo okuwusizo.

I-ACEA C4

Amafutha anomlotha ophansi (Low Saps) wezinjini zikaphethiloli nezidizili eziklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa namafutha ane-HTHS>3,5 mPa*s

I-ACEA C5

Amafutha omlotha aphansi aqinile (Ama-Low Saps) okuthuthukisa ukonga kukaphethiloli. Idizayinelwe izinjini zesimanje zikaphethiloli nezinjini zikadizili ezidizayinelwe ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha ane-viscosity ephansi ane-HTHS engekho ngaphezu kuka-2,6 mPa*s.

I-ACEA C6

Amafutha afana ne-C5. Ihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okwengeziwe kumadiphozithi e-LSPI kanye ne-turbocharger (TCCD).

Ikilasi le-ACEA	I-HTHS (KP)	I-Sulphate Ash (%)	Okuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus (%)	Okuqukethwe kwesibabule	Inombolo enkulu
A1/B1
A3/B3	> 3,5	0,9-1,5
A3/B4	≥3,5	1,0-1,6	≥10
A5/B5	2,9-3,5	1,6	≥8
A7/B7	2,9 3,5	1,6	≥6
С1	≥ 2,9	0,5	0,05	0,2
С2	≥ 2,9	0,8	0,07-0,09	0,3
С3	≥ 3,5	0,8	0,07-0,09	0,3	≥6,0
С4	≥ 3,5	0,5	0,09	0,2	≥6,0
С5	≥ 2,6	0,8	0,07-0,09	0,3	≥6,0
С6	≥2,6 kuya ku-≤2,9	≤0,8	≥0,07 kuya ku-≤0,09	≤0,3	≥4,0

Ithebula "Ukuhlukaniswa kwamafutha ezimoto ngokuya nge-ACEA yezinjini zezimoto zabagibeli nezimoto ezilula zokuhweba"

I-ACEA E: i-heavy duty commercial car engine diesel oil

LOKHO E2

Amafutha asetshenziswa ezinjinini zikadizili ezine-turbocharged nezingezona i-turbo ezisebenza ezimeni ezimaphakathi nezinzima ezinezikhawu ezijwayelekile zokushintsha uwoyela wenjini.

LOKHO E4

Amafutha asetshenziswa ezinjini zedizili ezinesivinini esikhulu ezihambisana nezindinganiso zemvelo ze-Euro-1, Euro-2, Euro-3, Euro-4 futhi asebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima ezinezikhathi ezinde zokushintsha uwoyela wenjini. Kunconyelwe futhi ezinjinini zikadizili ezine-turbocharged efakwe uhlelo lokunciphisa i-nitrogen oxide*** kanye nezimoto ezingenazo izihlungi zezinhlayiya zedizili. Banikeza ukuguga okuphansi kwezingxenye zenjini, ukuvikelwa kumadiphozithi ekhabhoni futhi babe nezindawo ezizinzile.

LOKHO E6

Amafutha alesi sigaba asetshenziswa ezinjini zedizili ezinesivinini esikhulu ezihambisana nezindinganiso zemvelo ze-Euro-1, Euro-2, Euro-3, Euro-4 futhi zisebenza ezimeni ezinzima ezinezikhathi zokushintsha uwoyela wenjini ende. Kunconyelwe futhi ezinjinini zikadizili ezine-turbocharged ezinezihlungi ze-diesel particulate uma zisebenza kuphethiloli wedizili enokuqukethwe kwesibabule okungu-0,005% noma ngaphansi***. Banikeza ukuguga okuphansi kwezingxenye zenjini, ukuvikelwa kumadiphozithi ekhabhoni futhi babe nezindawo ezizinzile.

LOKHO E7

Zisetshenziswa ezinjinini zedizili ezinesivinini esikhulu ezihambisana nezindinganiso zemvelo ze-Euro-1, Euro-2, Euro-3, Euro-4 futhi zisebenza ezimeni ezinzima ezinezikhathi zokushintsha uwoyela wenjini ende. Kunconyelwe futhi ezinjinini zikadizili ezine-turbocharged ezingenazo izihlungi zezinhlayiya, ezinohlelo lokujikeleza kabusha kwegesi ephumayo, efakwe uhlelo lokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-nitrogen oxide***. Banikeza ukuguga okuphansi kwezingxenye zenjini, ukuvikelwa kumadiphozithi ekhabhoni futhi babe nezindawo ezizinzile. Yehlisa ukwakheka kwamadiphozithi ekhabhoni ku-turbocharger.

LOKHO E9

Amafutha omlotha ophansi wezinjini zikadizili zamandla aphezulu, ahlangabezana namazinga emvelo afinyelela ku-Euro-6 ahlanganisiwe futhi ahambisana nezihlungi ze-diesel particulate (DPF). Isicelo ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile zokudonsa amanzi.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamafutha enjini ye-SAE

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamafutha ezimoto nge-viscosity, okusungulwe yi-American Society of Automotive Engineers, kuvame ukwamukelwa emazweni amaningi omhlaba.

Isigaba siqukethe amakilasi ayi-11:

6 ubusika: 0 W, 5 W, 10 W, 15 W, 20 W, 25 W;

Iminyaka engu-8: 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60.

Amafutha esimo sezulu sonke anencazelo ephindwe kabili futhi abhalwe nge-hyphen, ebonisa kuqala isigaba sasebusika, bese kuba yihlobo (ngokwesibonelo, 10W-40, 5W-30, njll.).

Ibanga le-SAE viscosity	Amandla okuqalisa (CCS), mPas-s	Ukusebenza kwephampu (MRV), mPa-s	I-kinematic viscosity ku-100 ° C, hhayi ngaphansi	I-kinematic viscosity ku-100 ° С, hhayi ngaphezulu	I-Viscosity HTHS, mPa-s
0 W	6200 at -35°C	60000 at -40°C	3,8	-	-
5 W	6600 at -30°C	60000 at -35°C	3,8	-	-
10 W	7000 at -25°C	60000 at -30°C	4.1	-	-
15 W	7000 at -20°C	60000 at -25°C	5.6	-	-
20 W	9500 at -15°C	60000 at -20°C	5.6	-	-
25 W	13000 at -10°C	60000 at -15°C	9.3	-	-
8	-	-	4.0	6.1	1,7
12	-	-	5,0	7.1	2.0
neshumi nesithupha	-	-	6.1	8.2	23
amashumi amabili	-	-	6,9	9.3	2,6
amashumi amathathu	-	-	9.3	12,5	2,9
40	-	-	12,5	16,3	2,9 *
40	-	-	12,5	16,3	I-3,7 **
amashumi amahlanu	-	-	16,3	21,9	3,7
60	-	-	21,9	26.1	3,7

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamafutha ezimoto ngokuya nge-ILSAC

I-Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA) kanye ne-American Automobile Manufacturers Association (AAMA) ngokuhlanganyela basungule i-International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee (ILSAC). Inhloso yokwakhiwa kwe-ILSAC kwakuwukuqinisa izidingo zabakhiqizi bamafutha emoto ezinjini zikaphethiloli.

Amafutha ahlangabezana nezidingo ze-ILSAC anezici ezilandelayo:

• ukunciphisa i-viscosity yamafutha;
• ukunciphisa ukuthambekela kwegwebu (ASTM D892 / D6082, ukulandelana I-IV);
• okuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus kuncishisiwe (ukwandisa impilo yesiguquli se-catalytic);
• ukuhlunga okuthuthukisiwe emazingeni okushisa aphansi (ukuhlolwa kweGM);
• ukwanda kokuzinza kwe-shear (amafutha enza imisebenzi yawo ngisho nasekucindezelweni okuphezulu);
• ukonga uphethiloli okuthuthukisiwe (ukuhlolwa kwe-ASTM, Ukulandelana kwe-VIA);
• ukuguquguquka okuphansi (ngokusho kwe-NOACK noma i-ASTM);

isigaba	Incazelo
GF-1	Yethulwe ngo-1996. Ihlangabezana nezimfuneko ze-API SH.
GF-2	Yethulwe ngo-1997. Ihlangabezana nezimfuneko ze-API SJ.
GF-3	Yethulwe ngo-2001. I-API SL iyahambisana.
GF-4	Yethulwe ngo-2004. Ivumelana nezinga le-API SM elinezinto eziphoqelekile zokonga amandla. I-SAE viscosity amabanga 0W-20, 5W-20, 5W-30 kanye no-10W-30. Iyahambisana nama-catalysts. Inamandla okumelana ne-oxidation, izakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe ezijwayelekile.
GF-5	Kwethulwe ngo-Okthoba 1, 2010 Ivumelana ne-API SN. Ukonga amandla kukhuphuka ngo-0,5%, ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo ezivimbela ukugqokwa, ukunciphisa ukwakheka kodaka ku-turbine, ukunciphisa amadiphozithi e-carbon enjinini. Ingasetshenziswa ezinjinini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ezisebenza ngama-biofuels.
GF-6A	Yethulwe ngoMeyi 1, 2020. Ingokwesigaba sokulondoloza insiza ye-API SP, ihlinzeka umthengi ngazo zonke izinzuzo zayo, kodwa ibhekisela kuwoyela we-multigrade kumakilasi e-viscosity e-SAE: 0W-20, 0W-30, 5W-20, 5W-30 kanye no-10W-30. Ukuhambisana Emuva
GF-6B	Yethulwe ngomhla ka-1 Meyi 2020. Isebenza kumafutha enjini ye-SAE 0W-16 kuphela futhi ayihambisani emuva nezigaba ze-API ne-ILSAC.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamafutha ezimoto ngokuya nge-ILSAC

I-ILSAC GF-6 ejwayelekile

Izinga lethulwe ngoMeyi 1, 2020. Ngokusekelwe kuzidingo ze-API SP futhi kufaka phakathi izithuthukisi ezilandelayo:

• ukonga uphethiloli;
• ukusekela ukonga kwamafutha;
• ukulondolozwa kwezinsiza zezimoto;
• Ukuvikelwa kwe-LSPI.

1. Ukuhlanza i-piston (Seq III)
2. Ukulawulwa kwe-oxidation (Seq III)
3. Ikephu yokuvikela yokuthekelisa (Seq IV)
4. Ukuvikelwa kwediphozithi yenjini (Seq V)
5. Umnotho Wamafutha (Se VI)
6. Ukuvikelwa kokugqokwa okulimazayo (Seq VIII)
7. Ukuvutha kwangaphambili kwesivinini esiphansi (Seq IX)
8. I-Timing Chain Wear Protection (Seq X)

I-ILSAC ikilasi GF-6A

Ingokwesigaba sokulondoloza insiza ye-API SP, ihlinzeka umthengi ngazo zonke izinzuzo zayo, kodwa ibhekisela kuwoyela we-multigrade kumakilasi e-viscosity e-SAE: 0W-20, 0W-30, 5W-20, 5W-30 kanye ne-10W-30. Ukuhambisana Emuva

Ikilasi ILSAC GF-6B

Isebenza kuwoyela wezimoto we-SAE 0W-16 viscosity grade kuphela futhi ayihlehli emuva iyahambisana nezigaba ze-API ne-ILSAC. Kulesi sigaba, kwethulwe uphawu olukhethekile lwesitifiketi - "Isihlangu".

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-JASO kwezinjini zedizili ezisindayo

I-JASO DH-1	Ikilasi lamafutha ezinjini zikadizili zamaloli, ezihlinzeka ngokuvikela ukumelana nokugqoka, ukuvikela ukugqwala, ukumelana ne-oxidation kanye nemiphumela emibi yensiza kawoyela kunconyelwe izinjini ezingafasiwe ngesihlungi se-diesel particulate (DPF) esivumelekile ukusebenza enjini esebenza kuphethiloli enokuqukethwe kwesulfure okungaphezu kuka-0,05%.
I-JASO DH-2	Ikilasi lamafutha ezinjini zikadizili zamaloli ahlome ngezinhlelo zokwelapha emva kwalokho njengezihlungi ze-diesel particulate (DPF) kanye nama-catalysts. Amafutha angawesigaba I-JASO DH-1 ukuvikela injini ekugugeni, ekufakweni, ekugqwaleni nasensimini.

Ithebula "I-JASO Classification for Heavy Duty Diesel Engines"

I-Engine Oil Specifications for Caterpillar Engines

EKF-3	Amafutha enjini yomlotha aphansi ezinjini zakamuva zeCaterpillar. Ihambisana nezihlungi ze-diesel particulate (DPF). Ngokusekelwe kuzidingo ze-API CJ-4 kanye nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwe-Caterpillar. Ihlangabezana nezimfuneko zezinjini ze-Tier 4.
EKF-2	Ibanga likawoyela wenjini lezinto zokusebenza zeCaterpillar, okuhlanganisa izinjini ezihlonyiswe ngamasistimu e-ACERT nawe-HEUI. Ngokusekelwe kuzidingo ze-API CI-4 kanye nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwenjini Isibungu.
ECF-1a	Ibanga likawoyela wenjini lezinto zokusebenza zeCaterpillar, okuhlanganisa nezinjini ezifakelwe I-ACERT ne-HEUI. Ngokusekelwe kuzidingo ze-API CH-4 kanye nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwe-Caterpillar.

Ithebula "Izincazelo zamafutha enjini yezinjini zeVolvo"

Imininingwane kawoyela wenjini yezinjini zeVolvo

I-VDS-4	Amafutha enjini yomlotha aphansi ezinjini zakamuva zakwaVolvo, okuhlanganisa ne-Tier III. Ihambisana nezihlungi ze-diesel particulate (DPF). Ihambisana neleveli yokusebenza ye-API CJ-4.
I-VDS-3	Amafutha enjini ezinjini zeVolvo. Ukucaciswa kususelwa kuzimfuneko ze-ACEA E7, kodwa kunezidingo ezengeziwe zokwakheka kwediphozithi yokushisa okuphezulu nokuvikelwa kwamasilinda ekupholishweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucaciswa kusho ukuphumelela ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwezinjini zeVolvo.
I-VDS-2	Amafutha enjini ezinjini zeVolvo. Imininingwane iyaqinisekisa ukuthi izinjini zakwaVolvo ziphumelele izivivinyo zasensimini ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima kakhulu.
ТЫ	Amafutha enjini ezinjini zeVolvo. Kufaka imininingwane ye-API CD/CE kanye nokuhlolwa kwenkambu yezinjini ze-Volvo.

Ithebula "Izincazelo zamafutha enjini yezinjini zeVolvo"

1. Isivikelo sokupholisha i-cylinder liner
2. Ukuhambisana Kwesihlungi Se-Dizeli Particulate
3. Corrosion ukuvikelwa
4. Gwema ukuqina kwe-oxidative
5. Ukuvikelwa ekufakweni kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu
6. Ukuvikelwa kwensiza
7. Anti-wear properties

Imininingwane Yamafutha Enjini Yezinjini Ze-Cummins

I-KES 20081	Izinga likawoyela lezinjini zedizili ezisindayo ezifakelwe amasistimu e-EGR exhaust gas recirculation. Ihambisana nezihlungi ze-diesel particulate (DPF). Ngokusekelwe kuzidingo ze-API CJ-4 kanye nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwe-Cummins.
I-KES 20078	Izinga likawoyela lezinjini zikadizili ezinamandla aphezulu ezifakwe i-EGR exhaust gas recirculation system. Ngokusekelwe kuzidingo ze-API CI-4 kanye nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwe-Cummins.
I-KES 20077	Izinga likawoyela lezinjini zedizili ezisindayo ezingahlomeziwe nge-EGR, ezisebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima ngaphandle kwaseNyakatho Melika. Ngokusekelwe kuzidingo ze-ACEA E7 kanye nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwe-Cummins.
I-KES 20076	Izinga likawoyela lezinjini zikadizili ezinamandla aphezulu ezingenazo i-EGR exhaust gas recirculation system. Ngokusekelwe kuzidingo ze-API CH-4 kanye nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwe-Cummins.

Ithebula "Izici zamafutha enjini ezinjini zeCummins"