Imicibisholo ye-Ballistic anti-ship yaseShayina
Isiqalisi semicibisholo elwa nomkhumbi i-DF-21D embukisweni e-Beijing.
Kunohlobo oluthile lobudlelwano obuphambene phakathi kokuthuthukiswa kombutho wezempi wasolwandle wePeople's Liberation Army kanye nokuvela kwezifiso zezombusazwe zaseBeijing - lapho ibutho lasolwandle liqina, likhulu isifiso samaShayina sokulawula izindawo zasolwandle eziseduze nezwekazi laseChina, kanye nezifiso zezombangazwe ezinkulu. . , kudingeka imikhumbi enamandla ukuze izisekele.
Ngemuva kokubunjwa kwePeople's Republic of China, umsebenzi omkhulu we-People's Liberation Army Navy (MW CHALW) kwakuwukuvikela ugu lwayo ekuhlaselweni okungase kwenziwe ngamasosha ase-US, okwakuthathwa njengokukhulu kakhulu. ongase abe yisitha esiyingozi ekuqaleni kwesifunda sikaMao Zedong. Kodwa-ke, njengoba umnotho waseShayina wawubuthakathaka, kwakukhona ukushoda kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe kokubili ebuthweni nasembonini, futhi usongo lwangempela lokuhlasela kwaseMelika lwaluluncane, amashumi ambalwa eminyaka umgogodla wemikhumbi yamaShayina wawuyi-torpedo ne-missile izikebhe. , bese kuba nababhubhisi namafrigate. , kanye nemikhumbi-ngwenya evamile, kanye nama-patrol nama-speeders. Kwakukhona amayunithi ambalwa amakhulu, futhi amandla abo okulwa awazange aphambuke ezindinganisweni zokuphela kweMpi Yezwe II isikhathi eside. Ngenxa yalokho, umbono wokubhekana ne-US Navy olwandle oluvulekile awuzange ucatshangelwe ngisho nabahleli bemikhumbi yaseShayina.
Izinguquko ezithile zaqala ngeminyaka yawo-90s, lapho i-China ithenga eRussia ababhubhisi abane besimanjemanje be-Project 956E/EM kanye nesamba semikhumbi-ngwenya evamile elungele ukulwa eyi-12 (emibili i-Project 877EKM, i-Project 636 emibili kanye ne-Project 636M eyisishiyagalombili). ), kanye nemibhalo yamafrigate kanye nababhubhisi besimanje. Ukuqala kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX ukwanda okusheshayo kwe-MW ChALW yasolwandle - i-flotilla yababhubhisi nama-frigates, esekelwa amayunithi angemuva asolwandle. Ukunwetshwa kwemikhumbi engaphansi kwamanzi bekuhamba kancane. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, i-China nayo yaqala inqubo eyisicefe yokuthola isipiliyoni sokusebenzisa abathwali bezindiza, osekusele kukhona ezimbili ezisebenzayo kanye nesithathu esakhiwayo. Noma kunjalo, ukungqubuzana okungenzeka kwezempi yasolwandle ne-United States kungasho ukunqotshwa okungenakugwenywa, ngakho-ke izixazululo ezingezona ezijwayelekile ziyasetshenziswa ukuze kusekelwe amandla e-Navy, okunganxephezela inzuzo yesitha ngezikhali zasolwandle kanye nolwazi lokulwa. Enye yazo ukusetshenziswa kwemicibisholo ye-ballistic ukulwa nemikhumbi engaphezulu. Baziwa ngesifinyezo sesiNgisi esithi ASBM (anti-ship ballistic missile).
Ukulayisha kabusha i-rocket ye-DF-26 ukusuka emotweni elayisha ukuthutha kuya kusiqalisi.
Lokhu akuwona neze umqondo omusha, ngoba izwe lokuqala elathakazelisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukusebenzisa imicibisholo ye-ballistic ukucekela phansi imikhumbi yempi kwakuyiSoviet Union ngeminyaka yama-60s. Kwakunezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokhu. Okokuqala, owayengase abe isitha, i-United States, yaba nenzuzo enkulu olwandle, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wemikhumbi engaphezulu, futhi lalingekho ithemba lokuyiqeda esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ngokwandisa imikhumbi yayo. Okwesibili, ukusetshenziswa kwemicibisholo eyi-ballistic akubandakanyi ithuba lokunqamuka futhi ngaleyo ndlela kwandise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokuhlasela. Kodwa-ke, inkinga enkulu yezobuchwepheshe kwakuyisiqondiso esinembe ngokwanele somcibisholo we-ballistic ukuya endaweni eqondiwe encane nehambayo, okuwumkhumbi wempi. Izinqumo ezenziwe ngokwengxenye beziwumphumela wokuba nethemba ngokweqile (ukutholwa kanye nokulandelelwa kokuhlosiwe kusetshenziswa amasathelayithi kanye nendiza yasekhaya esekelwe phansi i-Tu-95RTs), ngokwengxenye - i-pragmatism (ukunemba kokuqondisa okuphansi kwadingeka kunxeshezelwe ngokuhlomisa umcibisholo ngekhanda lenuzi elinamandla elikwaziyo. yokucekela phansi lonke iqembu lemikhumbi). Umsebenzi wokwakha waqala ku-SKB-385 kaViktor Makeev ngo-1962 - uhlelo lwakha umcibisholo "womhlaba wonke" owenziwe ngemikhumbi-ngwenya. Ekuhlukeni kwe-R-27, kwakuhloswe ukucekela phansi okuhlosiwe, futhi ku-R-27K / 4K18 - okuhlosiwe kolwandle. Ukuhlolwa okuphansi kwemicibisholo elwa nomkhumbi kwaqala ngoDisemba 1970 (esikhungweni sokuhlola saseKapustin Yar, kwakuhlanganisa ukwethulwa okungu-20, okungu-16 kwakho okwathathwa njengempumelelo), ngo-1972-1973. baqhutshekwa kumkhumbi-ngwenya, kwathi ngo-August, Disemba 15, 1975, uhlelo lwe-D-5K olunezici ezicitshwayo ze-R-27K lwafakwa esivivinyweni kanye nephrojekthi engumkhumbi-ngwenya i-K-102. Yakhiwa kabusha futhi yahlonyiswa ngeziqhumane ezine ngaphakathi. i-hull for conning tower, umkhumbi ojwayelekile wephrojekthi 605. Yahlala isebenza kwaze kwaba uJulayi 629. I-1981K bekufanele kube imikhumbi-ngwenya yenuzi yephrojekthi engu-27A Navaga, ehlome ngohlelo olujwayelekile lwe-D-667 olunezici ezicitshwayo ze-R-5 / 27K4 ukuze zilwe. okuhlosiwe, kodwa lokhu akwenzekanga kanye.
Ulwazi lwavela ukuthi ngemva kuka-1990, i-PRC, futhi ngokunokwenzeka ne-DPRK, yathola okungenani ingxenye yemibhalo yemicibisholo eyi-4K18. Engxenyeni yesine yekhulu, i-rocket yamanzi ye-Pukguksong izokwakhiwa ngesisekelo sayo e-DPRK, nase-PRC - ukuze kuthuthukiswe imicibisholo ye-ballistic evela phezulu kuya emanzini.
