Uphalafini TS-1. Amafutha ezimoto ezinamaphiko
Izici zobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza
Ikhiqizwe ngokuhambisana nezidingo zobuchwepheshe ze-GOST 10277-86, ibanga likaphalafini TS-1 lisetshenziswa ezindizeni ezisebenzisa isivinini se-subsonic. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqizwa kwayo abuhlukani nokwamukeleka ngokuvamile, ngaphandle kwezidingo eziqinile ezikhawulela ukuba khona kokungcola okuqukethe isulfure nesibabule. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kwezigaba ezijwayelekile zokukhishwa kwe-distillation yezinto zokusetshenziswa kwe-hydrocarbon, umkhiqizo osuphelile ungaphansi kwe-hydrotreatment noma i-demercaptanization - izinqubo ze-desulfurization ekhethiwe kaphalafini phambi kwe-nickel-molybdenum catalysts kanye ne-hydrogen emazingeni okushisa okusebenza angu-350. 400 ° C nezingcindezi ze-3,0 ... 4,0 MPa. Ngenxa yalokhu kwelashwa, sonke isibabule esitholakalayo somsuka wezinto eziphilayo siguqulwa sibe i-hydrogen sulfide, kamuva ehlukaniswa, ifakwe i-oxid futhi ikhishwe emkhathini ngendlela yemikhiqizo yegesi.
Okuqukethwe kwesibabule esincishisiwe kuphalafini TS-1 kubangela ukuncipha kwezinqubo eziyingozi ze-oxidative ezenzeka enjinini egijimayo. Bafaka isandla ekwakhiweni kwe-surface deposits ezingxenyeni, ngenxa yalokho, amandla ensimbi ayancipha.
I-GOST 10227-86 inikeza amamaki amabili kaphalafini TS-1, ahluke ekusebenzeni kwawo kwezakhiwo kanye nezindawo zokusetshenziswa okunengqondo.
Izici
Ukuchazwa komkhiqizo okukhulunywa ngawo kulula - izinhlamvu zisho ukuthi yi-Aircraft Fuel, inombolo isho ukuthi ukulandelana kwe-distillation yezingxenye ezincane ekukhiqizeni uphethiloli kwenzeka kuqala, okungukuthi, ekushiseni okuphansi okuvumelekile - kusuka ku-150ºC.
Izici eziyinhloko zomzimba namakhemikhali kaphethiloli, ezijwayele i-GOST 10227-86, zivezwa etafuleni:
| Igama lepharamitha | I-unit of measurement | Inani lenombolo | |
| Ngeprimiyamu ye-TS-1 | Okwe-TS-1 ebangeni lokuqala | ||
| Ukuminyana okuncane ekamelweni lokushisa | t/m3 | 0,780 | 0,775 |
| I-kinematic viscosity ekamelweni lokushisa, hhayi ngaphezulu | мм2/ kusuka | 1,30 | 1,25 |
| Izinga lokushisa elincane lokufaka isicelo, | 0С | -20 | -20 |
| Ubuncane bevelu ye-calorific ethile | MJ / kg | 43,12 | 42,90 |
| Iphoyinti elikhanyayo eliphansi | 0С | 28 | 28 |
| Ingxenyana enkulu yesibabule, ayisekho | % | 0,20 | 0,25 |
Izinga liphinde lilawule okuqukethwe komlotha kaphethiloli, ukubola kwawo kanye nokuzinza kokushisa.
Ngokuvinjelwa, kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa lo mafutha ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ne-arctic, kanye nangesikhathi sokugcina isikhathi eside, ngaphezu kweminyaka emithathu (ukuhlukana kungenzeka, ngakho-ke ukufaneleka kwalowo parafini kunqunywa imiphumela yokuhlolwa okwengeziwe) .
Izakhiwo nokugcinwa
Ukwakheka kwe-fractional kaphalafini TS-1 kunomthelela kulokhu:
- Ukuguquguquka okufanayo kukaphethiloli, okuqinisekisa izinga eliphezulu lokuvutha.
- Amandla aphezulu aqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okuncane.
- Ukwenyuka kwe-fluidity kanye nokudonsa, okunciphisa ukushuba kwediphozithi engaphezulu kolayini bamafutha nezingxenye zenjini yendiza.
- Izakhiwo ezinhle zokulwa nokugqoka (ezihlinzekwe ngokuba khona kwezithasiselo ezengeziwe ezikhulisa ukumelana nogesi omile).
Lapho uphethiloli ugcinwa isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka emi-5, iphesenti lezinto ezincibilikayo kulo liyakhula, inani le-asidi liyakhula, futhi ukwakheka kwe-sediment mechanical kungenzeka.
Ukugcinwa kukaphalafini i-TS-1 kuvunyelwe kuphela ezitsheni ezivaliwe, okufanele ziphathwe kusetshenziswa amathuluzi angangenhlansi kuphela. Umhwamuko kaphethiloli uvutha ngokuzenzakalelayo kakade emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-25ºС, futhi ngevolumu yokugxila emoyeni engaphezu kuka-1,5%, ingxube ijwayele ukuqhuma. Lezi zimo zinquma izimo eziyinhloko zokugcina okuphephile - ukukhanya kukagesi okusebenzisekayo, ukufakwa kukagesi okuvikelwe, ukungabikho kwemithombo yomlilo ovulekile, ukunikezwa okusebenzayo kanye nokukhipha umoya.
Kuvunyelwe ukugcina uphalafini wohlobo lwe-TS-1 kanye nezinye izinhlobo zikaphethiloli ezifanayo - KT-1, KO-25, njll., uma indawo yokugcina impahla ifakwe i-carbon dioxide noma izicishamlilo ze-Foam. Wonke umsebenzi ngophethiloli kufanele wenziwe kusetshenziswa izinto zokuzivikela.
