Carbin - one-dimensional carbon
Njengoba umagazini we-Nature Materials ubike ngo-Okthoba 2016, ososayensi abavela e-Faculty of Physics e-University of Vienna bakwazi ukuthola indlela yokwenza i-carbine ezinzile, i.e. Ikhabhoni enohlangothi olulodwa, okukholakala ukuthi inamandla amakhulu kune-graphene (i-carbon-dimensional carbon).
I-Graphene, isabhekwa njengethemba elikhulu kanye ne-harbinger yenguquko yezinto zokwakha ngisho nangaphambi kokuba ibe ngokoqobo kwezobuchwepheshe, kungenzeka ukuthi isivele yehliswa esihlalweni ngumzala wayo wekhabhoni - I-Carbine. Izibalo zibonise ukuthi amandla e-carbyne aqinile aphindwe kabili kunawe-graphene, kuyilapho ukuqina kwayo okuqinile kuhlala kuphakeme ngokuphindwe kathathu kunedayimane. I-Carbyne (ngokwethiyori) izinzile ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, futhi lapho imicu yayo igcinwa ndawonye, iyanqamula ngokubikezela.
Sikhuluma ngohlobo lwekhabhoni ye-allotropic enesakhiwo se-polyalkyne (C≡C)n, lapho ama-athomu enza amaketanga amade anamabhondi ashintshanayo angawodwa nakathathu noma anqwabelene amabhondi amabili. Isimiso esinjalo sibizwa ngokuthi isakhiwo esine-one-dimensional (1D) ngoba akukho okunye okunamathiselwe entanjeni ewugqinsi ye-athomu eyodwa. Isakhiwo se-graphene sihlala sinezinhlangothi ezimbili ngenxa yokuthi yinde futhi ibanzi, kodwa ishidi liwugqinsi lwe-athomu eyodwa kuphela. Ucwaningo olwenziwe kuze kube manje luphakamisa ukuthi uhlobo oluqine kakhulu lwe-carabiner lungenziwa ngemicu emibili elukwe ndawonye (1).
Kuze kube muva nje, bekukuncane okwaziwayo nge-carbine. Izazi zezinkanyezi zithi yaqala ukutholakala kuma-meteorite nothuli lwe-interstellar.
UMingjie Liu kanye nethimba lase-Rice University babala izici zethiyori ze-carbine ezingasiza ukuqondisa ucwaningo lokucwaninga. Abacwaningi bethule ukuhlaziya kucatshangelwa amandla aqinile, amandla aguquguqukayo kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-torsional strain. Babala ukuthi amandla athile e-carbyne (okungukuthi amandla maqondana nesisindo) asezingeni elingakaze libonwe ngaphambili (6,0-7,5 × 107 N∙m/kg) - uma kuqhathaniswa ne-graphene (4,7-5,5. 107×4,3 N∙m/kg ), ama-carbon nanotubes (5,0-107×2,5 N∙m/kg) nedayimane (6,5-107×10 N∙m/kg). Ukwephula isibopho esisodwa ochungechungeni lwama-athomu kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla angaba ngu-14 nN. Ubude beketango endaweni yokushisa yekamelo bungaba ngu-XNUMX nm.
Ngokungeza iqembu elisebenzayo i-CH2 ukuphela kweketango le-carbyne kungasonteka njenge-DNA strand. "Ngokuhlobisa" amaketanga e-carabiner ngama-molecule ahlukahlukene, ezinye izakhiwo zingashintshwa. Ukwengeza ama-athomu athile e-calcium ahlangana nama-athomu e-hydrogen kuzophumela ekwakhekeni kwesipontshi sokugcina i-hydrogen esiminyene kakhulu.
Impahla ethakazelisayo yezinto ezintsha yikhono layo lokwakha izibopho ngamaketanga aseceleni. Inqubo yokwenza nokugqabula lezi zibopho ingasetshenziswa ukugcina nokukhulula amandla. Ngakho-ke, i-carabiner ingaba yinto ephumelela kakhulu yokugcina amandla, ngoba ama-molecule ayo ayi-athomu eyodwa ububanzi, futhi amandla ezinto ezibonakalayo asho ukuthi izibopho zingakhiwa ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi ziphulwe ngaphandle kwengozi yokubhujiswa. i-molecule ngokwayo iyahlakazeka.
Konke kubonisa ukuthi ukwelula noma ukusonta i-carabiner kushintsha izakhiwo zayo zikagesi. Ama-Theorists aze ahlongoza ngisho nokubeka "izibambo" ezikhethekile ekugcineni kwe-molecule ezokwenza kube lula ukushintsha ngokushesha futhi kalula ukuqhutshwa noma i-bandgap ye-carbyne.
2. Iketango lama-carabiner ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo se-graphene
Ngeshwa, zonke izakhiwo ezaziwayo nezingakatholakali ze-carbine zizohlala ziyinkolelo-mbono enhle kuphela uma singakwazi ukukhiqiza izinto ezishibhile futhi ngamanani amakhulu. Amanye amalabhorethri ocwaningo abike ukuthi alungiselela i-carbine, kodwa impahla yabonakala ingazinzile ngokwedlulele. Abanye osokhemisi bakholelwa ukuthi uma sixhuma izintambo ezimbili ze-carabiner, kuzoba khona ukuqhuma. Ngo-Ephreli walo nyaka, kwavela imibiko yokuthuthukiswa kwe-carabiner ezinzile ngendlela yezintambo ngaphakathi "kwezindonga" zesakhiwo se-graphene (2).
Mhlawumbe indlela yeNyuvesi yaseVienna okukhulunywe ngayo ekuqaleni iyimpumelelo. Kufanele sithole ngokushesha.
