Imaphi amafutha ongawasebenzisela amalunga ebhola kanye namathiphu okuqondisa
Okuqukethwe
Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bezimoto kuhambisana nenani elincane le-vector yokulungisa phakathi kokushintshwa okujwayelekile kwezingxenye ngisho namayunithi wonke. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kufana nendlela esetshenziswa ezindizeni, lapho ukwethembeka okuphelele kubalulekile, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimoto akufanele namanje zingadingi izindleko zokunakekelwa kwezindiza. Ngakho-ke, ngezinye izikhathi izingxenye zigcotshwa futhi zilungiswe phakathi kokushintshwa.
Kungani ugcoba amalunga ebhola
Le hinge iyiphinikhodi eyisiyingi ezungezayo futhi iphambuke kuma-engeli acacisiwe ngaphakathi kwendlu. Ibhola limbozwa kakhulu ngokufakwa kwepulasitiki, kwesinye isikhathi lilayishwe kuqala isiphethu ukuze kuqedwe ngokuphelele ukuhlehla emuva ekusebenzeni.
Lapho ushayela, ukumiswa kusebenza ngokuqhubekayo, amalunga ebhola kanye namathiphu okuqondisa, akhelwe phezu kwalesi simiso, lapho ehlala enyakaza, ehlangabezana nokungqubuzana namandla amakhulu okucindezela.
Ngaphandle kokugcotshwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu, ngisho nomugqa wenayiloni oshelelayo ngeke umelane. Kokubili insimbi yomunwe kanye ne-liner ngokwayo kuzoguga. I-grease ekhethekile, okungukuthi, i-viscous lubricant, ifakwa efektri impilo yonke yehinge.
Kwamanye ama-node, isevisi iphelela lapho, anomklamo ongahlukaniseki. Ukusekela noma ithiphu ivalwe uphawu, inhlanganisela ivaliwe ngekhava enwebekayo futhi eqinile. Kodwa imikhiqizo eminingi ivumela ukungena ngaphansi kwe-anther, okukuvumela ukuthi ubeke inani elengeziwe noma lokulungisa lamafutha amasha lapho.
Akunangqondo ukugcoba i-hinge, esevele ihambe nekhava eyonakele. Amanzi nokungcola kungene ekuhlanganyeleni kwebhola, akunakwenzeka ukukususa lapho. Izikhathi zemikhiqizo egoqeka ngokugcwele, lapho kwakungenzeka ngisho nokushintsha ulayini, seziphelile. Akekho nomkhiqizi oyedwa okwazi ukufinyelela ibhola, umkhiqizo ulahlwa ngokuqinile.
Ngisho noma kungenzeka ukususa futhi esikhundleni se-anther, amanye ama-hinge ahlinzekela ukulethwa kwawo ezingxenyeni ezisele, akunakwenzeka ukubamba ngokunembile isikhathi sokuqala kokucindezeleka. Ukungcola sekuvele kwashaya futhi kwagcoba phezu kwalezi ziphambano. Kodwa ukufaka okokugcoba emkhiqizweni omusha kuyasiza. Imvamisa ayanele, futhi ayilona izinga eliphezulu kakhulu.
Imibandela Yokukhetha Yokugcoba Amalunga Ebhola Nezinto Zokugcoba
Izidingo zomkhiqizo wokugcoba zijwayelekile lapha, azikho izinto ezikhethekile:
- izinga lokushisa elibanzi, kusukela emakhazeni ezindaweni zokupaka zasebusika kuya ekushiseni ngokweqile lapho usebenza ehlobo emigwaqweni emibi nangesivinini esikhulu;
- ukungabi nalutho okuphelele ngokuphathelene nerabha noma i-anther yepulasitiki;
- ikhono lokunamathela kahle ensimbi, emboza ibhola;
- amandla efilimu kawoyela ngaphansi komthwalo osindayo;
- izakhiwo zokucindezela okukhulu;
- ukumelana kwamanzi, akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuqeda ngokuphelele indlela yomswakama emunweni;
- ukuqina, lawa ma-node anomthombo obalulekile.
Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, noma yimaphi amafutha asezingeni eliphezulu anelisa zonke lezi zimo. Kodwa njalo umkhiqizo owodwa ungcono kunomunye, futhi abashayeli bavame ukufuna ukusebenzisa ezifanele kakhulu, okungcono okukhethekile.
Isisekelo sokuthambisa
Isisekelo sihlala sifana - lawa amafutha atholakala emafutheni. Kodwa iwuketshezi, ngakho-ke zonke izinhlobo zama-thickeners zisetshenziswa. Ngokuvamile le nsipho yenziwa ngezinto ezihlukahlukene, i-lithium, i-calcium, i-sulfates noma i-barium.
Eyakamuva ifaneleka kakhulu izisekelo, kodwa ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa ngenxa yezizathu eziningi. Amafutha asetshenziselwa izinto eziningi asebenzisa i-lithium ne-calcium thickeners.
Ibanga lokushisa elisebenzayo
Ama-lubricant amahle kakhulu asebenza kusuka ku--60 kuya ku-+90 degrees. Lokhu akudingekile ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngakho umkhawulo ophansi ungaba ku -30. Kodwa lokhu akunakwenzeka ukuthi kuhambisane nezakhamuzi zezifunda lapho kuvela khona isithwathwa esinamandla, ngakho-ke singakhuluma ngokukhethwa kwendawo ethile.
Izinga lokushuba komthwalo
Mayelana nalokhu, zonke izinto zokugcoba zicishe zifane. Ukuchezuka okuncane ezicini ze-tribological kanye nemithwalo yokushisela noma ama-burrs maqondana nokuhlanganisa amabhola akubalulekile.
izindleko
Kwabaningi, intengo yomkhiqizo ibalulekile. Izithambisi ezisabalele emhlabeni wonke azibizi, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwazo, uma kubhekwa izici zohlelo lokusebenza, kuncane kakhulu. Kunalokho, inkinga ingase ibe ukutholakala kwezimpahla.
5 izinto zokugcoba ezithandwayo
Singasho ukuthi bazosebenza isikhathi eside ngokulinganayo nangokwethembeka. Kodwa zikhona izici.
I-SHRB-4
Igrisi ye-Classic yamalunga ebhola. Kuthuthukiswe emuva e-USSR kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe base-Italy be-FIAT. Nguye owayesetshenziswa embonini yokufaka uphethiloli ezimotweni zeVAZ.
Izici ze-ShRB-4:
- izici ezingcono kakhulu zokuphepha kwezembozo zokunwebeka;
- ukuqina okuphezulu;
- ukumelana kwamanzi okuyisibonelo;
- izakhiwo ezinhle ze-tribological kanye nengcindezi enkulu;
- ububanzi bezinga lokushisa;
- inani elamukelekayo.
Mayelana nokufinyeleleka, izinto ziba zimbi kakhulu lapha. I-ShRB-4 nama-analogues ayo akhiqizwa amabhizinisi ambalwa, kodwa kukhona ama-fake amaningi lapho imikhiqizo evame kakhulu yokusetshenziswa okubanzi ithengiswa ngaphansi kwalolu hlobo.
Ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa eyangempela ngombala kanye nokuvumelana kwe-fibrous. I-lubricant ilula njengoshizi wekhwalithi ephezulu eshisiwe, kuyilapho inombala onsundu ngokukhanyayo. Okuwukuphela kwento ekhiqizwa ku-thickener ye-barium. Ngokusobala, ngenxa yobungane bemvelo obumpofu bokukhiqiza. Inhloso - amanodi alayishwe kakhulu.
I-Lithol 24
Igrisi eguquguqukayo kakhulu enensipho ye-lithium. Idizayinelwe ama-bearings, kodwa futhi ibhekana kahle nezisekelo. Intengo ephansi, i-tribology enhle. Ukumelana nomswakama okwanelisayo.
Ayiziphathi kahle kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphansi, singakhuluma ngomngcele we--40 degrees. Kodwa ivumela ukushisa kuze kufike ku-+130.
I-Lubrication ayiklanyelwe ukunikeza izakhiwo zokucindezela okwedlulele, kodwa ezimotweni zabagibeli lokhu akudingekile kumahinge. Ingasetshenziselwa ukugcwaliswa okwengeziwe kwamakhava ngaphambi kokufakwa.
Ciatim-201
Umkhiqizo wezempi ojwayelekile onebanga lokushisa elibanzi, odizayinelwe ukusetshenziswa isikhathi esifushane. Ayihlukani nokumelana namanzi aphezulu, ukuqina kanye nezindawo ezikhethekile zokulwa nokungqubuzana. Ingasetshenziswa, kodwa ayiqhudelani nemikhiqizo ekhethekile. I-Lithium thickener.
Liqui moly
Izinto ezibizayo nezisezingeni eliphezulu ezivela enkampanini eyaziwayo. Zisebenza kahle kakhulu, kepha zibiza kakhulu. Imikhiqizo ethile ehlukene inezici ezihlukene, kodwa ngokuvamile, izinkomba zingakhethwa ngebha ephezulu kakhulu yezimpawu zomuntu ngamunye.
Kuyoba yisinqumo esingcono kakhulu sabathengi bobuhle, abalungele ukuyikhokhela. Kodwa asikho isidingo esithile sokukhetha okunjalo, amanye ama-lubricant azosebenza kahle, futhi izimo ezimbi kakhulu zokusekela namathiphu azilindelekile.
Gcoba iCalcium
Izinto zokugcoba ezisekelwe ku-calcium sulfonate zinenani lezinzuzo ezibalulekile. Lona umkhawulo ophezulu kakhulu wokushisa, ukumelana kwamanzi nokuvikelwa kwensimbi. I-drawback eyinhloko ukuthi ayisebenzi eqhweni elinzima, ingasetshenziswa kuphela ezindaweni eziseningizimu.
Kodwa-ke, ukungabi nalutho mayelana namanzi, umkhathi kanye nenjoloba yezembozo kungafakazela intengo ephezulu. Lona kanye umkhiqizo ongathathwa njenge-elite, nakuba unezinkinga ezinkulu.
Indlela yokugcoba kahle amathiphu namalunga ebhola
Akunakwenzeka ukugcoba ibhola kanye ne-liner, futhi asikho isidingo salokhu, i-lubrication isivele ikhona. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokufaka ingxenye, ikhava ihlukaniswe ngokucophelela, uma lokhu kungenzeka ngesakhiwo, futhi inani elithile lokugcoba lifakwe ngaphansi kwalo cishe ingxenye yesithathu yevolumu.
Awukwazi ukugoqa kakhulu ngaphansi kwe-anther, ngesikhathi sokusebenza izokhubazeka kakhulu futhi ilahlekelwe ukuqina, futhi okweqile kusazokhishwa. Kumelwe kube ne-air cushion ebalulekile.
Kwanele nje ukumboza indawo engaphandle yebhola ngongqimba lwamamilimitha ambalwa. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, inani elidingekayo lizodonswa esikhaleni, futhi okusele kuzovikela umbhangqwana wokungqubuzana emvelweni futhi kube uhlobo lokugcinwa.
Okufanayo kungenziwa uma ubona ukuqhekeka kwe-anther ngesikhathi futhi uthole indawo yayo. Esimweni esisodwa - akufanele kube nothuli namanzi ngaphansi kwe-anther, ngaphandle kwalokho akusizi futhi akuphephile ukugcoba ingxenye. Ihinge ayibizi, futhi imisebenzi yokufaka esikhundleni sokuhlangana nokugcoba kuyafana.
