Okufanele ukwenze uma igiya lokuqala livuleka kabi

Uhlelo lokuvula imoto endaweni nokushintsha amagiya lufundiswa esikoleni sokushayela, futhi wonke umshayeli uyazi ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani. Akukhathalekile ukuthi imoto yakhe inebhukwana noma enye yezinhlobo ze-automatic transmission (automatic transmission). Kodwa ngokushesha noma kamuva, wonke amabhokisi aqala ukuhluleka, okuzibonakalisa ngezindlela eziningi, kuhlanganise nokuguquguquka kwegiya okunzima.

Ungalifaka kanjani igiya lokuqala ngaphandle kokulimaza i-gearbox

Ukuze ubandakanye igiya lokuqala elidingekayo ukuze uqalise kahle, esimweni sebhokisi le-manual, cindezela i-clutch pedal bese uhambisa i-lever endaweni efanele.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma i-lever "iphumule" futhi igiya lingafuni ukushintshwa - abafundisi ezikoleni. Noma bengakunaki kakhulu. Uzodinga ukuvuselela inkumbulo yakho yokuthi kwenzakalani ngempela ekuhanjisweni kwemoto.

Lapho ushintsha amagiya, kwenzeka izinqubo eziningana:

• ukucindezela i-clutch pedal kunikeza ikhefu ekugelezeni kwe-torque kusuka ku-flywheel yenjini kuya ku-shaft yokufaka yebhokisi le-gearbox, i-disc drive ikhulula eshayelayo, evame ukuboshwa ngokuqinile phakathi kwayo nendawo ye-flywheel;
• i-shaft yebhokisi iyama noma inciphisa isivinini sokujikeleza, izimo ezivumayo zenziwa ukuze kuhlanganiswe amarimu egiya lokuqala;
• ukulungiswa okuphelele kwesivinini, ukuze amazinyo ahlanganyele ngaphandle komthelela futhi buthule, i-synchronizer isetshenziswa - idivayisi enciphisa ijubane elisheshayo lababili abathintekayo ngokuphathelene nesibili;
• i-synchronizer izodinga isikhathi esithile ukuze igcwalise ngokugcwele imisebenzi yayo, futhi incike ekuhlukeni kokuqala ngesivinini sokujikeleza, kanye nokuphelela kokuxoshwa kwe-clutch;
• ekupheleni kwenqubo, amagiya ahlangene, ijubane livuliwe, ungakwazi ukukhulula i-clutch.

Ukuze unciphise ukuguga kanye nethuba lokuphuka, izimo ezimbalwa kufanele zihlangabezane:

• i-clutch kufanele ilungiswe kahle, okungukuthi, kufanele ikhishwe ngokuphelele futhi ingadluliseli ingxenye yesikhathi ngenxa yokungqubuzana okusele;
• kuyinto efiselekayo ukunciphisa umehluko ngesivinini segiya, khona-ke umthwalo ku-synchronizer uzobe uphansi;
• ungasheshi ukushintsha bese ucindezela i-lever yokuphumula, kuzoba nokuwohloka kwe-synchronizer ngokugqoka okungenakugwemeka kokushaqeka.

Uma imoto imile, akufanele wengeze isivinini ngaphambi kokukhulula i-clutch, njengoba ijubane elihlobene lama-shafts lizokhula, kuzodingeka ucime amandla angaphezu kwamandla ngokungqubuzana ku-synchronizer. Cindezela i-accelerator kuphela ngemva kokuvula isivinini.

Indlela yokuguqula amagiya, amaphutha okushintsha

Uma imoto iginqika, khona-ke umphumela ohlukile uvela, i-synchronizer kuzodingeka isheshise i-shaft yokufaka, ezochitha isikhathi nengxenye yensiza yayo. Ungamsiza ngokuba ingcweti isu lokuphinda uqhulule. Lokhu kwafundiswa abashayeli bamaloli lapho kusetshenziswa khona u-gearbox ongavumelanisiwe ngokuphelele.

Indlela yokushintsha "phansi", okungukuthi, isibonelo, kusukela kwesibili kuya kweyokuqala ngemoto ehambayo, ibukeka kanje:

• ngaphansi kokukhishwa kwegesi ngokunyakaza okubushelelezi, i-lever idluliswa isuka endaweni yesibili yegiya ukuya kokungathathi hlangothi, lokhu ngeke kulimaze ibhokisi nganoma iyiphi indlela ngisho nangaphandle kokucindezela i-clutch, awudingi nje ukusebenzisa amandla;
• ngokucindezela i-accelerator, ama-revolution anezelwa kulawo lapho imoto izohamba khona ngesivinini esinikeziwe ngegiya lokuqala, kanye ne-margin ethile yesikhathi sokushintsha;
• i-clutch pedal icindezelwa ngokushesha futhi ngesikhathi esisodwa, igesi ikhishwa, isivinini esifunayo sivuliwe, i-clutch ihileleke, igesi yengezwe futhi.

Uma uqonda isimiso sokusebenza kwama-synchronizers webhokisi futhi ukwazi indlela elula yokuphinda i-automatism, khona-ke lokhu kuzokwandisa insiza yebhokisi le-gearbox ukuze licishe liphele futhi lidabuke futhi lilahlwe yonke imoto, ibhokisi liba "eliphakade". Futhi i-clutch ene-pedaling enekhono cishe ayigugi.

Izimbangela zokuphazamiseka komakhenikha

Inkinga enkulu ekuvimbela ekufakeni igiya ebhokisini lemanuwali eliwumshini ukukhululwa kwe-clutch okungaphelele ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene:

• ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-mechanical noma i-hydraulic drive ukusuka ku-pedal kuya ku-relearing bearing;
• i-deformation noma ukuqala kokubhujiswa kwediski eqhutshwayo kanye nemigqa yayo;
• ukugoba kwe-diaphragm petal spring yepuleti lokucindezela (ubhasikidi);
• i-pedal engacindezelwe ngokugcwele umshayeli;
• ukuwela kwe-input shaft support bear.

I-clutch, njengoba bethi, "ihola", i-shaft ejikelezayo yebhokisi ayinikeli emizamweni ye-synchronizer yokuvimbela indandatho. I-lever idluliselwa endaweni yokuqala yegiya kuphela ngomzamo omkhulu, ohambisana ne-crunch kanye ne-jerk yemoto yonke.

Kungase kube nezinkinga ebhokisini ngokwalo. Konke kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu lapho, kungase kudingeke ulungise umshini, ushintshe umhlangano we-clutch we-synchronizer namagiya. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amafoloko e-shift aguga, umdlalo uvela kumabheringi we-shaft, futhi amafutha okudlulisa athululwe ku-crankcase alahlekelwa izakhiwo zawo.

Cishe zonke izindawo zokuhlola ezinjalo zihlelwe cishe ngendlela efanayo, okwenza kube lula ukuqonda isimiso sokusebenza kanye nezimbangela zezinkinga ezingenzeka. Isimo sinzima kakhulu ngokuthi "okuzenzakalelayo"

Izinkinga zokushintshwa kwamagiya ku-automatic transmission

Kumagiya azenzakalelayo, umgomo wokusebenza uwukuthi wonke amagiya, njengokungathi, avuliwe njalo. Ushintsho lwesilinganiso segiya ezindleleni zeplanethi lwenziwa ngokubhuleka okuhlangene nokulungiswa kwamanye amagiya ahlobene namanye.

Ngenxa yalokhu, kusetshenziswa amaphakethe e-friction disc, amanye ama-analogues we-clutch, acindezelwa amapiston we-hydraulic.

Ingcindezi yokulawula uwoyela odingekayo kulesi simiso se-hydraulic idalwe yipompo yamafutha, futhi isatshalaliswa yiyunithi ye-hydraulic ene-solenoids - ama-valve kagesi. Ziyalwa yi-electronic control unit eqapha ukufundwa kwezinzwa zayo.

Ukwehluleka kwe-Shift kungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene:

• ukuntuleka kokusebenza kwepompo yamafutha, ukucindezela okuphansi;
• ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-solenoids ngenxa yokuvinjwa, ukugqoka noma ukugqwala;
• amafutha asebenza njengesisekelo sokudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo awahlangabezani nezidingo, kodwa ayaguga futhi abe angcolile, kuvela kuwo ukuthi zonke izinkinga zivame ukuvela;
• ama-clutches ashisiwe;
• iyunithi yokulawula ithole ukungasebenzi kahle futhi yafaka ibhokisi kumodi ephuthumayo.

Njengomthetho, umshini othomathikhi we-hydraulic othomathikhi uzoshintshela ekuhlulekeni izikhathi eziningi futhi uzobika izinkinga ngokuphulwa ekusebenzeni kwezindlela ezihlukahlukene, ama-jerks, ukukhethwa kwamagiya anganele, ukushisa ngokweqile kanye nezibonakaliso zephutha. Konke lokhu kudinga ukulungiswa ngokushesha.

Izindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga

Ekusebenzeni kokudluliselwa, konke kunqunywa izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Kudingekile ukushintsha uwoyela kumayunithi ngesikhathi, ungalaleli iziqinisekiso zemiyalo ukuthi igcwaliswe lapho kuze kube phakade. Sebenzisa imikhiqizo yokugcoba kuphela yezigaba ezidingekayo mayelana nokubekezelelana nekhwalithi.

Ama-automatic transmissions awawathandi amamodi ezemidlalo, ukusheshisa okuzumayo lapho i-accelerator icindezelwe ngokugcwele, noma ukushelela kwamasondo okushayela. Ngemuva kokuzivocavoca okunjalo, amafutha athola iphunga elivuthayo, okungenani kufanele lishintshwe ngokushesha kanye nesihlungi.

Ekuhanjisweni kwemishini, kuyadingeka ukuqapha isimo se-clutch, esikhundleni saso ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala zokushelela noma ukuvala okungaphelele. Akudingekile ukusebenzisa amandla amaningi ku-lever, ibhokisi elisebenzisekayo lishintsha kalula nangokuthula. Indlela echazwe ngaphambilini ye-ressasing iyasiza kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuqina.

Uma inkinga isavela ebhokisini, akufanele uzame ukuyilungisa ngokwakho. Ama-gearbox, kokubili okuzenzakalelayo kanye namanuwali, ayinkimbinkimbi futhi awadingi ulwazi kuphela, kodwa futhi nolwazi lokukhanda. Kufanele zenziwe ngochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe ekulungiseni amayunithi ngemishini efanele.

Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ekudluliseni okuzenzakalelayo, lapho ngokuvamile kungenangqondo ukukhuphuka nesethi evamile yamathuluzi omshayeli. Ngisho nokushintsha uwoyela okulula kuhlukile ekusebenzeni okufanayo kokudluliswa kwe-manual noma injini.

Enye into ebucayi kakhulu i-CVT automatic transmission. Empeleni, okuhlukile kulula, kodwa ukuqaliswa okusebenzayo kudinga iminyaka eminingi yokuthuthukiswa nokuhlola. Kuwubuwula ukucabanga ukuthi kungamane kuhlakazwe futhi kulungiswe. Lokhu, ngomhlangano othile, kwenzeka kuma-scooters anamandla aphansi, kodwa hhayi ezimotweni.

Ukuze kwenziwe okuzimele, uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lokulungisa lungahlukaniswa - ukushintshwa kwe-clutch. Ngokulinganiselwa, ngoba akufanele ukwenze lokhu ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa kumarobhothi namabhokisi akhethiwe.

Imvamisa, i-clutch entsha izoxazulula inkinga yokuguqula amagiya okunzima lapho idonsa.