Kuyini ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kukawoyela?
Okuqukethwe
Ochwepheshe baphendula ukuthi kungani injini entsha ichitha imali ethe xaxa nokuthi ingagwemeka kanjani ukulahleka
Akumangazi ukuthi izinjini zesimanje zisebenzisa uwoyela omningi. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, umthwalo ezingxenyeni zezinjini ukhule kakhulu futhi lokhu kuthinta nakanjani ukukhuthazela kwawo. Ukucindezela okwandisiwe nokucindezela okwandayo kumasilinda kukhuthaza ukungena kwamagesi ngamasongo e-piston ohlelweni lokungenisa umoya we-crankcase, ngakho-ke, egumbini lomlilo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinjini ezengeziwe zine-turbocharged, izimpawu zazo ezingacinene, futhi inani elincane lamafutha lingena ngokungenakuphikwa ku-compressor, ngakho-ke lingene kumasilinda. Ngokunjalo, izinjini ezine-turbocharged nazo zisebenzisa uwoyela omningi, ngakho-ke izindleko zomkhiqizi ezicashunwe ku-1000km akumele zimangaze noma ngubani.
Izizathu ezi-5 zokuthi kungani uwoyela unyamalala
Ukuxubana. Amasongo e-piston adinga ukuthambisa njalo. Owokuqala wabo ngezikhathi ezithile ushiya "ifilimu kawoyela" ebusweni besilinda, futhi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ingxenye yayo iyanyamalala. Kukhona ukulahleka kukawoyela okuphelele okuhambisana nokusha komlilo.Njengamabhayisikili amasha, le ngxenye ingaba nkulu.
Enye inkinga kulokhu ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha asezingeni eliphansi, izici zazo ezingahambelani nalezo ezimenyezelwe umenzi wenjini. Igrisi ye-viscosity ephansi evamile (uhlobo 0W-16) nayo ivutha ngokushesha kunamafutha asebenza kangcono.
UKUPHUTHUMA. Amafutha ahlala ehwamuka njalo. Ukuphakama kokushisa kwalo, le nqubo iba namandla kakhulu kunkwikesi. Kodwa-ke, izinhlayiya ezincane kanye nomusi kungena egumbini lomlilo ngohlelo lokungenisa umoya. Ingxenye kawoyela iyasha, enye idlula emfuleni ize iye emgwaqweni, ilimaze i-catalyst endleleni.
UKUVUZA. Esinye sezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokulahlekelwa uwoyela ngokusebenzisa izimpawu ze-crankshaft, ngokusebenzisa izigxivizo zekhanda le-cylinder, ngesembozo se-valve, izimpawu zokuhlunga uwoyela, njll.
PENETRATION ENKOZINI YOKUPHOLA. Kulesi simo, isizathu siwumshini kuphela - ukulimala kwe-cylinder head seal, iphutha ekhanda ngokwalo noma ngisho ne-cylinder block ngokwayo. Ngenjini yomsindo wobuchwepheshe, lokhu ngeke kwenzeke.
UKUNGCOLA. Lapho ivezwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, noma uwoyela ojwayelekile (ingasaphathwa eyokuthi ususetshenziswe isikhathi eside) ungangcoliswa. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ukungena kwezinhlayiya zothuli ngezimpawu zezimpawu zohlelo lokudonsa, ezingabambi, noma ngesihlungi somoya.
Ungakunciphisa kanjani ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela?
Lapho imoto ihamba ngamandla, ingcindezi eyengeziwe kumasilinda enjini. Ukukhishwa kokukhipha kuyanda ngamasongo wohlelo lokungenisa umoya nge-crankcase, kusuka lapho uwoyela ekugcineni ungena egumbini lomlilo. Lokhu kwenzeka futhi uma ushayela ngejubane elikhulu. Ngokunjalo, ama "racers" anokudla okuphezulu kukawoyela kunabashayeli abazolile.
Kunenye futhi inkinga ngezimoto ezinama-turbocharged. Lapho umshayeli ethatha isinqumo sokuphumula ngemuva kokushayela ngejubane elikhulu bese ecisha injini ngokushesha ngemuva kokuma, i-turbocharger ayipholi. Ngokunjalo, izinga lokushisa liyakhuphuka futhi amanye amagesi e-exhaust aphenduka i-coke, engcolisa injini futhi iholele ekusetshenzisweni kukawoyela okwandisiwe.
Uma izinga lokushisa likawoyela likhuphuka, ukulahleka nakho kuyakhuphuka, ngoba ama-molecule asesigcawini sendawo aqala ukuhamba ngokushesha futhi angene ohlelweni lokungenisa umoya olunamandla. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuqapha ukuhlanzeka kwe-radiator yenjini, ukusebenziseka kwe-thermostat nenani le-antifreeze ohlelweni lokupholisa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izimpawu kufanele zihlolwe futhi, uma kunesidingo, zishintshwe ngokushesha. Uma amafutha engena ohlelweni lokupholisa, ukuvakashela ngokushesha esikhungweni sesevisi kuyadingeka, ngaphandle kwalokho injini ingase ihluleke futhi ukulungisa kungase kubize.
Ezimotweni eziningi, umehluko phakathi kwelophawu eliphansi neliphezulu kunawo wonke kudiploma yitrethi elilodwa. Ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukunquma ngokunemba okukhulu ukuthi uwoyela ulahlekile kangakanani.
Izindleko ezengeziwe noma ezijwayelekile?
Isimo esihle lapho umnikazi engacabangi nhlobo ngamafutha phakathi nesikhathi esiphakathi kokulungiswa kwemoto okubili. Lokhu kusho ukuthi njengoba igijima ibanga lika-10 000 - 15 000 km, injini ibingadli ngaphezu kwelitha.
Eqinisweni, ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela kwe-0,5% kaphethiloli kuthathwa njengokujwayelekile. Isibonelo, uma imoto yakho igwinye amalitha angu-15 kaphethiloli ngamakhilomitha angu-000, khona-ke ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela okuphezulu okuvunyelwe kungamalitha ayi-6. Lena amalitha angu-0,4 ngekhilomitha elingu-100.
Yini okufanele uyenze ngentengo ekhuphukile?
Lapho i-mileage yemoto incane - isibonelo, cishe amakhilomitha angu-5000 ngonyaka, akukho lutho lokukhathazeka ngalo. Kulokhu, ungakwazi ukwengeza amafutha amaningi njengoba kudingeka. Kodwa-ke, uma imoto ishayela amashumi ezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ngonyaka, kunengqondo ukugcwalisa amafutha nge-viscosity ephakeme esimweni sezulu esifudumele, njengoba izoshisa futhi ihwamuke kancane kancane.
Qaphela intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Lapho uthenga imoto, khumbula ukuthi injini enesifiso semvelo isebenzisa uwoyela omncane kunenjini ene-turbocharged. Iqiniso lokuthi imoto isebenzisa i-lubricant ethe xaxa alikwazi ukunqunywa ngeso lenyama, ngakho-ke kuhle ukuthi uchwepheshe akubone. Kodwa-ke, uma kuphuma intuthu emfuleni, lokhu kukhombisa ukwanda kwesifiso "samafutha" esingafihliwe.
