Yiziphi izinkinga ezijwayelekile zenjini kaloliwe kaloliwe? [ukuphatha]

Ikakhulukazi ezihlokweni ezimayelana nezinjini zikadizili ze-Common Rail, igama elithi "ukungasebenzi kahle okujwayelekile" lisetshenziswa. Kusho ukuthini lokhu futhi kuhlanganisani? Yini okufanele ngiyinake lapho ngithenga noma iyiphi injini ye-diesel evamile? 

Ekuqaleni, kafushane kakhulu mayelana nokuklanywa kohlelo lwe-Common Rail fuel. Udizili wendabuko unamaphampu kaphethiloli amabili - umfutho ophansi futhi okuthiwa. umjovo, i.e. umfutho ophezulu. Ezinjinini ze-TDI (PD) kuphela lapho ipompo yomjovo yathathelwa indawo ebizwa ngokuthi. iphampu yomjovo. Kodwa-ke, i-Common Rail iyinto ehluke ngokuphelele, elula. Kukhona kuphela iphampu yokucindezela okukhulu, eqoqa uphethiloli omuncwa ethangini ungene kulayini kaphethiloli / ujantshi wokusabalalisa (Isitimela Esivamile), lapho ingena khona kuma-injection. Njengoba lawa ma-injection anomsebenzi owodwa kuphela - ukuvula ngesikhathi esithile futhi isikhathi esithile, alula kakhulu (ngokweqile, ngoba ekusebenzeni anembile kakhulu), ngakho asebenza ngokunembile futhi ngokushesha, okwenza izinjini zedizili ezijwayelekile ze-Rail Rail zihluke kakhulu. ukonga.

Yini engase ingahambi kahle ngenjini ye-diesel evamile?

Amanzi tank - kakade ezinjini ze-diesel zesikhathi eside ezine-mileage ephezulu (i-refueling evamile) kukhona ukungcola okuningi ethangini okungangena empompini yomjovo nama-nozzles, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kukhubaze. Lapho iphampu kaphethiloli iminyene, i-sawdust ihlala ohlelweni, esebenza njengokungcola, kodwa eyingozi nakakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi i-fuel cooler nayo iyasuswa (ukulungisa okushibhile) ngoba iyavuza.

Isihlungi se-Fuel - ekhethwe ngokungalungile, engcolile noma enekhwalithi ephansi ingabangela izinkinga ngokuyiqalisa, kanye nokwehla kwengcindezi “engajwayelekile” kumzila kaphethiloli, okuholela ekutheni injini iye esimweni esiphuthumayo.

Iphampu yesibaseli (umfutho ophezulu) - ngokuvamile ivele iguge, izinto ezingezinhle zazisetshenziswa ezinjinini zakuqala ze-Common Rail ngenxa yokuntula ulwazi lwabakhiqizi. Ukwehluleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwephampu ngemva kokushintshwa kungase kube ngenxa yokuba khona kokungcola ohlelweni lukaphethiloli.

Nozzles – kungamadivayisi anembe kakhulu ohlelweni lwe-Common Rail ngakho-ke asengozini enkulu yokulimala, isibonelo, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi noma ukungcola osekuvele kuhlelo. Amasistimu kaloliwe ajwayelekile asekuqaleni ayefakwe izinto ezingathembeki kakhudlwana, kodwa ezilula futhi ezishibhile ukukhiqiza kabusha ama-injection kagesi. Ezintsha, ze-piezoelectric zinembile kakhulu, zihlala isikhathi eside, azikho ngengozi, kodwa zibiza kakhulu ukuvuselela, futhi lokhu akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi.

umjovo wesitimela - ngokuphambene nokubukeka, kungase futhi kubangele izinkinga, nakuba kunzima ukuyibiza ngokuthi isici esiphezulu. Kanye nenzwa yokucindezela kanye ne-valve, isebenza kakhulu njengesitoreji. Ngeshwa, uma kwenzeka, isibonelo, ipompo ehlanganisiwe, ukungcola nakho kuqoqa futhi kuyingozi kangangokuthi ilungile phambi kwama-nozzles athambile. Ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka kuba nokuqhekeka okuthile, imigqa yesitimela neyomjovo kufanele ishintshwe kufakwe emisha. Uma izinkinga ezithile zenzeka, kuphela ukushintshwa kwenzwa noma i-valve kusiza.

ama-flaps wokungenisa - Izinjini eziningi ze-Common Rail diesel zifakwe lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-swirl flaps alawula ubude bezindawo zokungena, okufanele zikhuthaze ukushiswa kwengxube kuye ngesivinini senjini nomthwalo. Kunalokho, kweziningi zalezi zinhlelo kunenkinga yokungcoliswa kwama-carbon dampers, ukuvinjwa kwawo, kanti kwezinye izinjini iphinde iqhamuke ingene ku-multifold intake phambi kwamavalvu. Kwezinye izimo, njengeFiat 1.9 JTD noma BMW 2.0di 3.0d units, lokhu kugcine ngokucekelwa phansi kwenjini.

I-Turbocharger - lokhu kungenye yezinto eziphoqelekile, nakuba ingahlobene nohlelo lwe-Common Rail. Nokho, ayikho injini diesel nge CR ngaphandle supercharger, ngakho turbocharger kanye nokushiyeka kwayo kukhona zakudala lapho sikhuluma ngalezi zinjini diesel.

Isixhumanisi - I-air cooler eshajayo njengengxenye yesistimu yokuthuthukisa idala izinkinga zokuvuza. Uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwe-turbocharger, kunconywa ukufaka esikhundleni se-intercooler entsha, nakuba abantu abambalwa benza lokhu.

Isondo lesisindo esikabili - Izinjini zikadizili ze-Common Rail ezincane nezibuthaka kuphela ezine-clutch engenamasondo anobuningi obubili. Iningi linesixazululo esidala izinkinga ngezikhathi ezithile njengokudlidliza noma umsindo.

Amasistimu okuhlanza igesi exhaust - Udizili we-Early Common Rail wasebenzisa ama-valve e-EGR kuphela. Kwabe sekufika izihlungi ze-diesel particulate DPF noma i-FAP, futhi ekugcineni, ukuhambisana ne-Euro 6 emission standard, kanye ne-NOx catalysts, i.e. Amasistimu e-SCR. Ngamunye wabo ulwa nokuvinjelwa kwezinto okufanele kuhlanzwe kuzo amagesi aphumayo, kanye nokuphathwa kwezinqubo zokuhlanza. Endabeni yesihlungi se-DPF, lokhu kungaholela ekuhlambulukeni ngokweqile kwamafutha enjini ngophethiloli, futhi ekugcineni kube nokuminyana kweyunithi yamandla.