Kufanele ube yini umbono ukuze uthole ilayisensi yokushayela?

Impela wonke umuntu, ngaphambi kokuqala ukufunda ukushayela, kudingeka athole isitifiketi sikadokotela esivikela ilungelo lakhe lokufuna isihloko somshayeli. Lo mthetho awusebenzi nje kuphela ekutholeni amalungelo, kodwa futhi nokuwashintsha, uma kudingeka.

Isinqumo sokugcina ngale ndaba senziwa ikhomishana yezokwelapha, ehlola isimo sakho sempilo. Umbono wongoti yiwona ozocacisa ukuthi ungakwazi yini ukushayela imoto.

Ezinye zezizathu ezingase zibe khona zokuvinjelwa ukushayela zizokwenqabela ngokuphelele ukushayela. Isithiyo esivame kakhulu ekuvunyelweni kwezokwelapha kanye nemvume ukukhubazeka kokubona. Kunama-nuances amaningi okufiseleka ukwazi kusengaphambili.

Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kadokotela

Iziqondiso lapho i-ophthalmologist kufanele ihlole izinkomba ezibonakalayo:

• ukunqunywa kwe-acuity ebonakalayo
• ukuhlolwa kokubona kombala
• isifundo sensimu ebonakalayo

Ngisho nemikhawulo kule mingcele ayihlali ibe isizathu esicacile sokuvinjelwa ukushayela. Wena futhi ungaphansi kokwephulwa okuthile okubalulekile uzoba nelungelo lokushayela.

I-Visual acuity

Inkomba ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqapha. Lesi sici esibalulekile, ngaphezu kwezinye, sithinta ukuthi uyalithola yini ithuba lokushayela imoto. Itholwa futhi ihlolwe kusetshenziswa itafula elibizwa ngeSivtsev, inani libekwe ngokwehlukana kweso ngalinye (kuqala ngaphandle kwezibuko zokulungisa, bese kuba nazo).

Imiphumela emihle ihlanganisa:

• I-Visual acuity ayikho ngaphansi kuka-0,6 ngokubona okuhle / womabili amehlo, futhi hhayi ngaphansi kuka-0,2 ngeso elibona kabi kakhulu.

Isebenza esigabeni sokushayela "B"

• Emkhawulweni wamayunithi okungenani angu-0,8 kwelinye kanye no-0,4 esweni lesibili.

Okwezimoto zabagibeli nezikhethekile ezithathwa njengesigaba "B"

• Kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-0,7 kuwo womabili amehlo, noma ibe ngaphezu kuka-0,8 - ngeso elibonayo kanye nabangaboni kahle - ibe ngaphezu kuka-0,4.

Umbandela wokunikeza isigaba "C"

• Kuncike ekutheni elinye lamehlo aliboni, i-acuity yokubukwa kwelinye kufanele ibe ngaphezu kuka-0,8 (ngaphandle kokuphazamisa inkambu yokubuka nokulungiswa).

Ukubona kombala okusontekile

Bekunombono wokuthi abantu abanenkinga yokungaboni ngemibala bayingozi emgwaqeni, ngoba bayakwazi ukudida izimpawu zamarobhothi. Kodwa lokhu akuphazamisi abashayeli abaningi abazi indawo nokuqokwa kwezidladla.

Njengoba manje ukungakwazi ukuhlukanisa imibala akuseyona into eyinhloko yokwenqaba ukukhipha ilayisense yokushayela - izinga lokubona izinguquko zombala lingathinta isinqumo sebhodi lezokwelapha. Konke kuncike esiphethweni se-ophthalmologist. Ngendlela, isinqumo esivumayo sobumpumputhe bombala senziwa kaningi kakhulu.

Lesi sici sitholwa ngokusho kwetafula likaRabkin.

I-Latitude yenkambu yokubuka

Lesi sici, njengokungaboni umbala, asikwazi ukulungiswa ngosizo lwemishini ekhethekile. Kodwa kuyivelakancane, futhi njengoba ingabonisa izimfuneko ezithile zezifo ezibukwayo ezimbi, iyakwazi ukuhlanganisa ukuvinjelwa kokushayela.

Ingosi yezimoto i-vodi.su idonsela ukunaka kwakho eqinisweni lokuthi ukuncishiswa okuphezulu kwenkundla yokubuka akukwazi ukudlula ama-20 °.

Ukwenqaba ukushayela

Okwamanje, uMnyango Wezempilo unesinqumo esisalungiswa esithuthukisiwe, esichaza izinhlinzeko eziyinhloko ezikhawulela ikhono lokushayela imoto. Nazi izimo ezizoba yisithiyo ekutholeni ilayisensi yokushayela:

• isimo se-postoperative samehlo (izinyanga ezi-3)
• izinguquko ezenzeka emisipha yejwabu leso, kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila (uma lunciphisa amandla okubuka)
• i-glaucoma (kuya ngezinga lomonakalo)
• ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi we-optic nerve
• ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retina
• izifo ezihlobene ne-lacrimal sac
• i-strabismus/diplopia (ukuphindwa kabili kwezinto)

Ngenxa yekhono lokulondoloza umbono, ngisho noma kungenasici, ungakwazi ukushayela imoto.

Kodwa-ke, uma ugqoka izibuko/amalensi othintana naye, ikhwalithi yombono wakho iqinisekiswa ngokuqondile kuwo.

Kunezimo ezikhethekile zesandulela esinjalo:

• Amandla aphikisayo amalensi/izibuko awakwazi ukuba ngaphezu kuka + noma - 8 diopters.
• Umehluko wamalensi wamehlo angakwesokudla nakwesokunxele awukwazi ukudlula ama-diopter ama-3.

Uma ugqoka amalensi noma izibuko, udinga incwadi elayisensini yakho yokushayela. Futhi ukushayela kuvunyelwe kuphela kudivayisi ekhethiwe yokubona elungisa ukubona, ikakhulukazi uma kunezinkomba zokuguga njalo.

Iyalayisha...