Izimpawu zezimoto zaseSoviet zazibukeka kanjani futhi zazisho ukuthini
Okuqukethwe
Ngo-1976, e-Jelgava, eduze kwaseRiga, kwaqala ukukhiqizwa kwesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele seRafik-2203. Abaklami baseSoviet bazama ukwenza izimpawu zemoto zesimanje. I-radiator grill yeveni ekhiqizwe ngobuningi yayihlotshiswe ngepuleti elibomvu elimangalisayo, lapho i-silhouette ye-minibus enengxenye engenhla ngendlela yesifinyezo se-RAF iboniswa ngemigqa yesiliva.
Izimpawu zezimoto zaseSoviet ziyingxenye yomlando we-USSR. Zigcwele izimpawu ezijulile futhi zenziwa ezingeni eliphezulu lobuciko. Ngokuvamile, izakhamuzi zezwe zazibamba iqhaza engxoxweni yemidwebo.
I-AZLK (i-Avtozavod eqanjwe ngoLenin Komsomol)
Imboni yokuhlanganisa izimoto yaseMoscow yaqala ukusebenza ngo-1930. Enezela egameni layo inkulumo ethi "igama leNhlangano Yentsha YamaKhomanisi Yamazwe Ngamazwe", wathola isifinyezo esithi KIM esifanekisweni ngokumelene nesizinda sefulegi elibomvu labasebenzi, njengoba kufanele amabheji ezimoto zase-USSR. Ngo-1945 onqobile, ukukhiqizwa kwaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-Moscow Small Car Plant. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Moskvich kwethulwa, lapho kuvela khona i-Kremlin Tower kanye nenkanyezi ye-ruby ngokuziqhenya.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izakhi zashintsha kancane, kodwa uphawu olucacile lwaqhubeka lusakaza imboni yezimoto yaseSoviet emhlabeni wonke. I-Moskvitch idonse ukunaka kwezilaleli, iqhudelana nezimoto ezihamba phambili zakwamanye amazwe emibuthanweni yamazwe ngamazwe ethandwa kakhulu: London-Sydney, London-Mexico City, Tour of Europe, Golden Sands, Raid Polski. Ngenxa yalokho, yathunyelwa emazweni amaningi.
I-AZLK (i-Avtozavod eqanjwe ngoLenin Komsomol)
Ekupheleni 80s, Moskvich-2141 wangena ukukhiqizwa. Ngesisekelo salo, kwakhiwa imishini enamagama enkosana "Ivan Kalita", "Prince Vladimir", "Prince Yuri Dolgoruky". Ku-nameplate kusasele i-prong eyodwa ye-metallic-nondescript-colored of the Kremlin wall, eyenziwe isitayela njengohlamvu "M". Ihambisana nesignesha ye-AZLK, kusukela ngo-1968 inkampani ibizwa ngokuthi i-Lenin Komsomol Automobile Plant.
Ngo-2001, enye yezinhlobo zezimoto ezifuywayo ezindala kakhulu yayekwa, amabheji ayo namapuleti egama manje angatholakala kuphela ezintweni ezingavamile, eziningi zazo eziphila ukuphila kwazo emaqoqweni angasese noma kumamyuziyamu e-polytechnic.
I-VAZ (Imboni Yezimoto yeVolga)
Ngo-1966, uhulumeni waseSoviet Union wangena esivumelwaneni nomkhiqizi wezimoto wase-Italy ukuze akhe ibhizinisi lomjikelezo ogcwele. I-"penny" ejwayelekile ("VAZ 2101") iyimoto yokuqala isisebenzi esivamile esingasithenga ngokukhululekile. Lena i-FIAT-124 eshintshwe kancane ezimweni zendawo, okwathi ngo-1966 yaba "Imoto Yonyaka" eYurophu.
Ekuqaleni, amakhithi omhlangano ngaphandle kwebheji ku-radiator grill athunyelwa e-USSR esuka eTurin. Abaklami basekhaya bathathele indawo isifinyezo esithi FIAT ngokuthi "VAZ". Ngalolu phawu oluwunxande, u-Zhiguli wokuqala waphuma emgqeni we-Tolyatti ngo-1970. Ngawo lowo nyaka, izimoto zaqala ukuhlonyiswa ngama-nameplates avela e-Italy, athuthukiswe ngesisekelo sesithombe somdwebo ka-A. Dekalenkov. Endaweni enombala onsomi onsomi namagagasi angabonakali, kuntanta isikebhe esidala saseRussia esine-chrome. Umbhalo wayo wawuhlanganisa uhlamvu "B", cishe - kusukela egameni loMfula iVolga noma i-VAZ. Ngezansi, isignesha ethi "Tolyatti" yanezelwa, kamuva eyanyamalala, njengoba ubukhona bayo buphikisana nezidingo zophawu lokuhweba.
I-VAZ (Imboni Yezimoto yeVolga)
Esikhathini esizayo, uphawu lomkhiqizo aluzange lushintshe kakhulu. Ngokuhambisana namathrendi embonini yezimoto yomhlaba wonke, isikebhe, isizinda esikuso, kanye nohlaka lwavela. Ku"six" inkundla yaba mnyama. Khona-ke isithonjana saba ipulasitiki, amagagasi anyamalala. Ngama-90s, i-silhouette yayibhalwe nge-oval. Kukhona okuhlukile kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
I-GAZ (Gorky Automobile Plant)
"Volgari" wadala, mhlawumbe, izimpawu emangalisa kakhulu izimoto e-USSR. Izimoto ezahlukene zebhizinisi le-Gorky zaziphethe izifanekiselo ezihlukahlukene ku-hood. Ikhiqizwe kusukela ngo-1932, izimoto ze-Model A namaloli e-AA, ayesekelwe emikhiqizweni yakwa-Ford, athola ifa lokuklama kwe-nameplate elingenakuzithoba kokhokho babo. Epuletini eliyisiyingi kwakunombhalo oshanelayo othi “GAZ them. Molotov”, ezungezwe izinhlangothi zombili yizithombe ezigcwele imibono yesando esiphambanayo nesikela. Kungaba mnyama ngokuphelele, noma kunombala ompunga okhanyayo ohlukile.
I-"emka" edumile ("M 1936"), eyanyatheliswa ngo-1, yathola ilebula ye-constructivist eyengeziwe: uhlamvu "M" (Molotovets) kanye nenombolo "1" yayihlanganiswe ngokuyinkimbinkimbi, umbhalo wawusetshenziswa ngokubomvu kumhlophe noma isiliva. ebomvu.
I-GAZ (Gorky Automobile Plant)
Ngo-1946 kwaphuma imodeli elandelayo, nenombolo ye-serial "M 20". Esikhumbuzweni sokunqotshwa kwamaNazi eMpini Enkulu Yobuzwe, yayibizwa ngokuthi "Ukunqoba". U-"M" oqoshiwe ubonwe njengenkomba yodonga lwe-Kremlin; ku-seagull ehamba phezu kwamanzi - uMfula iVolga. Uhlamvu lwenziwe ngombala obomvu nge-edging esiliva, okwakufanekisela ibhena elibomvu. Ngokwehlukana ne-nameplate ipuleti elinombhalo othi "GAS", ehlanganiswe nesibambo sokuphakamisa ihood.
Ngo-1949, isibonakaliso esikhulu se-executive "M 12" sadalwa. Ngokumelene nesizinda sombhoshongo we-Kremlin onenkanyezi ye-ruby isihlangu esibomvu. Inyamazane egijimayo yaqina phezu kwayo, eseyiwuphawu oludumile emhlabeni wonke lwemikhiqizo yebhizinisi lezimoto i-Gorky. Umfanekiso wenziwe ngensimbi yesiliva. Isilwane esihle savela ebhejini hhayi ngenhlanhla - sasibolekwe ejazini lezingalo lesifundazwe saseNizhny Novgorod soMbuso WaseRussia. Ngo-1956, isithombe senyamazane endizayo sahlala ku-hood ye-GAZ-21 (Volga) futhi saba into efiselekayo ezizukulwaneni eziningi zabashayeli.
Ngo-1959, amahawu abomvu anezinqaba avela emfanekisweni kahulumeni uChaika. Inyamazane egijimayo itholakala ku-grille nasesivaloni se-trunk. Ngo-1997 ingemuva liphenduka libe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngo-2015 libe mnyama. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinqaba zezinqaba kanye nesifinyezo siyanyamalala. Isibonakaliso sivunyiwe njengelogo yomkhiqizo esemthethweni yazo zonke izinhlobo ezintsha zeqembu le-GAZ, elihlanganisa i-Pavlovsky, i-Likinsky ne-Kurgan abakhiqizi bamabhasi.
I-ErAZ (Yerevan Automobile Plant)
E-Armenia, inkampani yakhiqiza izilayidi namaveni anamandla okuthwala afinyelela kuthani ku-GAZ-21 Volga chassis. Amamodeli okuqala ahlanganiswa ngo-1966 ngokuvumelana nemibhalo eyakhiwe eRiga Bus Factory (RAF). Kamuva, "ErAZ-762 (RAF-977K)" yakhiqizwa ukuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene.
Imodeli entsha eyisisekelo "ErAZ-3730" nezinhlobonhlobo zafakwa ekukhiqizeni kuphela ngo-1995. Ukukhululwa kwenqwaba kuhlulekile.
I-ErAZ (Yerevan Automobile Plant)
Uphawu ezimotweni kwakuwumbhalo othi "ErAZ". Uhlamvu "r" epuletini elingunxande elimnyama bekunzima ukulihlukanisa. Ngezinye izikhathi ukubhalwa kwakwenziwa ngenguqulo ye-oblique ngaphandle kwesizinda. Kamuva amaveni abenophawu oluyindilinga oluyi-chrome oluyisithombe se-Mount Ararat neChibi Sevan, okuyisakhiwo sodumo kubantu base-Armenia. Ngokuvamile, izimoto ze-Yerevan zathengiswa ngaphandle kwamabheji, ngokungafani nezimoto zaseSoviet ezibalwe ngenhla.
I-KAvZ (Kurgan Bus Plant)
Ngo-1958, izibulo, elaklanywa abaklami kusukela Pavlovsk, washiya workshop - "KAvZ-651 (PAZ-651A)" phezu kwesisekelo isamba iloli GAZ-51. Kusukela ngo-1971, ukukhiqizwa kwemodeli 685 sekuqalile. Ukufaka umzimba wayo kumagandaganda ase-Ural, abantu baseKurgan bahlanganisa abasebenzi abanamandla. Ngo-1992, ukukhiqizwa kwamabhasi awo kwaqala ngokohlelo lwenqola, ephephile futhi ekhululekile. Ngo-2001, sakha isithuthi sokuqala esikoleni esivumelana ne-GOST sokuthutha izingane. Imishini enjalo ayizange inikezwe kulo lonke elaseRussia kuphela, kodwa naseBelarus, Kazakhstan nase-Ukraine.
I-KAvZ (Kurgan Bus Plant)
Amapuleti ampunga angenalutho ayenamathiselwe kuma-hood ama-Ural amadala. Maphakathi nendawo, izindunduma ezimbili ezivezwe nomfula onyaweni kanye nefu ngaphezu kweziqongo zithathwa kuyindilinga enombhalo othi "Kurgan". Ephikweni lesobunxele lophawu kubhalwe ukuthi "KavZ", kwesokudla - inkomba enenombolo yemodeli.
Amamodeli athuthukiswe ngemuva kokungena kwe-automaker ye-Kurgan eqenjini le-GAZ aphethe ilogo yenkampani ngendlela yesihlangu esimnyama esinenyamazane yesiliva egijima ku-radiator grille.
I-RAF (Riga Bus Factory)
Ngo-1953, amabhonethi okuqala agcwele usayizi RAF-651, amakhophi kaGorky's GZA-651, akhiqizwa. Ngo-1955, kwasungulwa ibhasi lenqola ye-RAF-251. Le mikhiqizo ibingakakabi nophawu lwayo.
Ngo-1957, kwaqala umlando wamabhasi amancane athandwayo, isibonelo okwakuyi-Volkswagen van eyisakhiwo sodumo. Kakade ngo-1958, ukukhululwa "RAF-977" iqala. Odongeni olungaphambili lomzimba wakhe, umbhalo odayagonali othi RAF wabekwa esihlanguni esibomvu.
I-RAF (Riga Bus Factory)
Ngo-1976, e-Jelgava, eduze kwaseRiga, kwaqala ukukhiqizwa kwesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele seRafik-2203. Abaklami baseSoviet bazama ukwenza izimpawu zemoto zesimanje. I-radiator grill yeveni ekhiqizwe ngobuningi yayihlotshiswe ngepuleti elibomvu elimangalisayo, lapho i-silhouette ye-minibus enengxenye engenhla ngendlela yesifinyezo se-RAF iboniswa ngemigqa yesiliva.
I-ZAZ (Zaporozhye Automobile Plant)
Imoto esekelwe ku-FIAT-600 entsha ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Moskvich-560" idluliselwe ukuthuthukiswa eZaporozhye. Ngo-1960, kwakhiqizwa izimoto zokuqala ezincane ze-ZAZ-965, ezibizwa ngokuthi "humped" ngesimo somzimba sokuqala. Indawo yamabheji abo ezimoto yayingavamile ezimotweni zase-USSR. Ukubumba kwehla kuwindi lomoya eliphakathi nendawo yesivalo se-trunk. Yaphela ngenkanyezi ebomvu eyisicaba, lapho isifinyezo esithi "ZAZ" sasibhalwe khona ngobuchule.
Eminyakeni eyisithupha kamuva, i-Zaporozhets-966 yabona ukukhanya kosuku, ifana ne-West German NSU Prinz 4. Ngenxa yomoya omkhulu owawusezinhlangothini zegumbi lenjini, abantu baqamba le moto ngokuthi "indlebe". Uphawu olucishe lube wunxande lwamaphuzu amahlanu olunomugqa we-chrome lufakwe esivalweni se-trunk. Emkhakheni obomvu, wendabuko wamabheji ezimoto zase-USSR, wawuboniswa uphawu lweZaporozhye - idamu le-DneproGES eliqanjwe ngo-V. I. Lenin, ngenhla - umbhalo othi "ZAZ". Ngezinye izikhathi izimoto zaziqedwa nge-nameplate engunxantathu ebomvu noma emhlophe ebomvu enegama lesitshalo ngezansi.
I-ZAZ (Zaporozhye Automobile Plant)
Kusukela ngo-1980, inkampani yaqala ukukhiqiza "Zaporozhets-968M", ebizwa ngokuthi "ibhokisi lensipho" ngomklamo wayo wakudala. I-968 yaqedwa ngezimpawu ezifanayo nezandulelayo.
Ngo-1988, ukukhiqizwa kweTavria kwaqala ngenjini yangaphambili yakudala. Kamuva, ngesisekelo salo, kwasungulwa i-hatchback enezicabha ezinhlanu "Dana" kanye ne-sedan "Slavuta". Lezi zimoto bezifakwe amabheji epulasitiki ngendlela yohlamvu olumpunga "Z" kungemuva elimnyama.
Ngo-2017, ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto e-ZAZ kwanqanyulwa.
