Ungakhetha kanjani ishaja yebhethri yemoto?

Ukukhethwa kweshaja yebhethri yemoto ngezinye izikhathi kuphenduka ikhanda ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zawo zombili amabhethri ngokwawo kanye nobuchwepheshe bawo bokukhiqiza, futhi, ngokuqondile, amashaja. Iphutha ekukhetheni lingaholela ekuncipheni okukhulu kwempilo yebhethri. Ngakho-ke, ukuze wenze isinqumo esifanele kakhulu, futhi nje ngenxa yelukuluku, kuyasiza ukwazi ukuthi ishaja yebhethri isebenza kanjani. Sizocubungula imidwebo eyenziwe lula, sizama ukukhipha kumagama athile.

Isebenza kanjani ishaja yebhethri?

Ingqikithi yeshaja yebhethri ukuthi iguqula i-voltage isuka kunethiwekhi evamile engu-220 V AC ibe amandla kagesi e-DC ahambisana nemingcele yebhethri lemoto.

Ishaja yebhethri yemoto yakudala iqukethe izinto ezimbili eziyinhloko - i-transformer ne-rectifier. Ishaja inikeza i-14,4V DC (hhayi i-12V). Lelivelu le-voltage lisetshenziselwa ukuvumela i-current ukuthi idlule ebhethrini. Isibonelo, uma ibhethri lingazange likhishwe ngokuphelele, khona-ke i-voltage kuyo izoba ngu-12 V. Kulesi simo, ngeke kwenzeke ukuyishaja kabusha ngedivayisi ezoba ne-12 V ekuphumeni. Ngakho-ke, i-voltage ekuphumeni kweshaja kufanele kube ngaphezulu kancane. Futhi yilona kanye inani le-14,4 V elibhekwa njengelilungile. Akukhuthazwa ukweqisa i-voltage yokushaja nakakhulu, njengoba lokhu kuzonciphisa kakhulu impilo yebhethri.

Inqubo yokushaja ibhethri iqala lapho idivayisi isixhunywe ebhethrini nakumapayipi amakhulu. Ngenkathi ibhethri ishaja, ukumelana kwayo kwangaphakathi kuyakhula futhi namandla okushaja ayehla. Lapho i-voltage ebhethri isondela ku-12 V, futhi ukushaja kwamanje kwehla ku-0 V, lokhu kuzosho ukuthi ukushaja kuphumelele futhi ungavala ishaja.

Kuyinto evamile ukushaja amabhethri nge-current, inani layo elingamaphesenti angu-10 womthamo walo. Isibonelo, uma umthamo webhethri ungu-100Ah, khona-ke ukushaja kwamanje okungcono kakhulu ngu-10A, futhi isikhathi sokushaja sizothatha amahora angu-10. Ukusheshisa ukushajwa kwebhethri, i-current inganyuswa, kodwa lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu futhi kunomthelela omubi ebhethri. Kulokhu, udinga ukuqapha izinga lokushisa le-electrolyte ngokucophelela, futhi uma lifinyelela ku-45 degrees Celsius, ukushaja kwamanje kufanele kuncishiswe ngokushesha.

Ukulungiswa kwayo yonke imingcele yamashaja kwenziwa ngosizo lwezakhi zokulawula (izilawuli ezikhethekile), ezitholakala esimweni samadivayisi ngokwawo. Ngesikhathi sokushaja ekamelweni lapho kwenziwa khona, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa umoya omuhle, njengoba i-electrolyte ikhulula i-hydrogen, ukuqoqwa kwayo okuyingozi kakhulu. Futhi, lapho ushaja, khipha amapulaki okukhipha amanzi ebhethrini. Phela, igesi ekhishwe yi-electrolyte inganqwabelana ngaphansi kwesembozo sebhethri futhi iholele ekunqamukeni kwamacala.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobo zamashaja

Amashaja angahlukaniswa ngokuya ngemibandela embalwa. Kuye ngokuthi indlela esetshenziswa ukushaja, amashaja yilawa:

1. Lezo ezishaja kusukela kumanje oqondile.
2. Lezo ezishaja kusuka ku-voltage engaguquki.
3. Labo abakhokhisa indlela ehlanganisiwe.

Ukushaja kusuka kumanje oqondile kumele kwenziwe ngokushajwa kwamanje okungu-1/10 womthamo webhethri. Iyakwazi ukushaja ibhethri ngokugcwele, kodwa inqubo izodinga ukulawula, ngoba ngesikhathi sayo i-electrolyte iyashisa futhi ingabilisa, okubangela ukujikeleza okufushane nomlilo ebhethri. Ukushaja okunjalo akufanele kudlule isikhathi esingaphezu kosuku. Ukushajwa njalo kwe-voltage kuphephe kakhulu, kodwa akukwazi ukuhlinzeka ngokushaja okugcwele kwebhethri. Ngakho-ke, kumashaja anamuhla, kusetshenziswa indlela yokushaja ehlanganisiwe: ukushaja kuqala kwenziwa kusuka kumanje oqondile, bese kushintshela ekushajweni kusuka ku-voltage engaguquki ukuze kuvinjelwe ukushisisa kwe-electrolyte.

kuye ngezici zomsebenzi nokuklama, inkumbulo ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili:

1. I-Transformer. Amadivayisi lapho i-transformer ixhunywe khona kanye nesilungisisi. Zithembekile futhi zisebenza kahle, kodwa zikhulu kakhulu (zinobukhulu obukhulu obuphelele nesisindo esibonakalayo).
2. I-Pulse. Isici esiyinhloko samadivayisi anjalo i-voltage converter esebenza kumafrikhwensi aphezulu. Lena i-transformer efanayo, kodwa incane kakhulu futhi ilula kunamashaja e-transformer. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinqubo eziningi zenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kumadivayisi we-pulse, okwenza kube lula ukuphatha kwawo.

В kuya ngendawo oya kuyo Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamashaja:

1. Iyashaja futhi iyaqala. Ishaja ibhethri lemoto emthonjeni wamandla okhona.
2. Amashaja neziqalisi. Abakwazi nje kuphela ukushaja ibhethri kusuka kumapayipi amakhulu, kodwa futhi ukuqala injini uma ikhishwa. Lawa madivaysi ahlukahlukene kakhulu futhi angaletha ama-volts angu-100 noma ngaphezulu uma udinga ukushaja ibhethri ngokushesha ngaphandle komthombo owengeziwe wamanje kagesi.

Ungakhetha kanjani ishaja yebhethri?

Nquma ngamapharamitha ZU. Ngaphambi kokuthenga, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi iyiphi inkumbulo efanele ibhethri lemoto yakho. Amashaja ahlukene akhiqiza izilinganiso zamanje ezihlukene futhi angasebenza ngama-voltage angu-12/24 V. Kufanele uqonde ukuthi yimaphi amapharamitha adingekayo ukuze usebenze ngebhethri elithile. Ukwenza lokhu, funda imiyalelo yebhethri noma ubheke ulwazi mayelana nalo ekesini. Uma ungabaza, ungathatha isithombe sebhethri futhi usibonise umdayisi esitolo - lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi ungenzi iphutha lapho ukhetha.

Khetha inani elilungile lokushaja kwamanje. Uma ishaja isebenza njalo emkhawulweni wamakhono ayo, lokhu kuzonciphisa impilo yayo ewusizo. Kungcono ukukhetha ishaja enomkhawulo omncane wokushaja wamanje. Futhi, uma kamuva unquma ukuthenga ibhethri elisha elinamandla amakhulu, ngeke kudingeke uthenge ishaja entsha.

Thenga i-ROM esikhundleni sememori. Amashaja okuqala ahlanganisa imisebenzi emibili - ukushaja ibhethri nokuqalisa injini yemoto.

Hlola izici ezengeziwe. I-ROM ingase ibe nezinye izindlela zokushaja. Isibonelo, ukusebenza ngamabhethri we-12 no-24 V. Kungcono kakhulu uma idivayisi inazo zombili izindlela. Phakathi kwamamodi, umuntu angaphinde akhiphe ukushaja okusheshayo, okukuvumela ukuthi ushaje ibhethri kancane ngesikhathi esifushane. Isici esiwusizo kungaba ukushajwa kwebhethri okuzenzakalelayo. Kulesi simo, akudingeki ulawule ukukhishwa kwamanje noma i-voltage - idivayisi izokwenzela yona.

Bheka futhi

Nweba Ukuwa