Indlela yokukhetha, ukulungisa nokufaka i-crankshaft ku-VAZ 2106

Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ayikwazi ukucatshangelwa ngaphandle kwe-crankshaft, ngoba yile ngxenye evumela ukuthi uhambise imoto endaweni yayo. Ama-pistons abonakala kuphela ngokunyakaza kokuhumusha, futhi ukudluliselwa kudinga i-torque, engatholwa ngenxa ye-crankshaft. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umshini uyaguga futhi udinga umsebenzi wokulungisa. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze futhi ngakuphi ukulandelana, yiziphi amathuluzi okufanele uwasebenzise.

Kungani sidinga crankshaft injini Vaz 2106

I-crankshaft (i-crankshaft) iyingxenye ebalulekile ye-crank mechanism yanoma iyiphi injini. Ukusebenza kweyunithi kuhloswe ngayo ukuguqula amandla amagesi avuthayo abe amandla emishini.

Incazelo ye-crankshaft Vaz 2106

I-crankshaft inomklamo oyinkimbinkimbi, onamajenali wezinduku ezixhumayo atholakala eksisi efanayo, exhunywe ngezihlathi ezikhethekile. Inombolo yokuxhuma amajenali enjini ye-VAZ 2106 inezine, ezihambisana nenani lamasilinda. Izinduku zokuxhuma zixhuma amajenali ku-shaft kuma-piston, okuholela ekunyakazeni okuphindaphindiwe.

Cabangela izici eziyinhloko ze-crankshaft:

1. Amajenali ayinhloko ayingxenye esekela i-shaft futhi afakwe kuma-bearings amakhulu (atholakala ku-crankcase).
2. Ukuxhuma izinduku zentamo. Le ngxenye yakhelwe ukuxhuma i-crankshaft nezinduku zokuxhuma. Amajenali wenduku yokuxhuma, ngokungafani nalawo ayinhloko, ane-displacement eqhubekayo ezinhlangothini.
3. Izihlathi - ingxenye enikeza uxhumano lwezinhlobo ezimbili zamajenali we-shaft.
4. I-Counterweights - isici esilinganisa isisindo sezinduku zokuxhuma namapiston.
5. Ingaphambili le-shaft yingxenye lapho i-pulley kanye negiya lomshini wesikhathi kufakwe khona.
6. Ukuphela kwangemuva. Kuxhunywe i-flywheel kuyo.

Ngokwesakhiwo, i-crankshaft iqukethe induku yokuxhuma kanye namajenali amakhulu, izihlathi, ama-counterweights.

Izigxivizo zifakwa ngaphambili nangemuva kwe-crankshaft - izimpawu zikawoyela, ezivimbela uwoyela ukuthi ungaphunyuki uye ngaphandle. Wonke umshini we-crankshaft uzungeza ngenxa yama-bearings akhethekile angenalutho (ama-liners). Le ngxenye iyipuleti lensimbi elincanyana elimbozwe ngento ephansi yokungqubuzana. Ukuvimbela i-shaft ukuthi ingahambi eduze kwe-eksisi, kusetshenziswa i-thrust bear. Izinto ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwe-crankshaft yinsimbi ye-carbon noma i-alloy, kanye nensimbi eyinsimbi eguquliwe, futhi inqubo yokukhiqiza ngokwayo yenziwa ngokuphonsa noma ukugxiviza.

I-crankshaft yeyunithi yamandla inomshini oyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa isimiso sokusebenza kwayo silula kakhulu. Emasilinda enjini, ingxube ye-fuel-air iyathungela futhi iyasha, okuholela ekuphumeni kwamagesi. Ngesikhathi sokunwetshwa, amagesi asebenza kuma-piston, okuholela ekuhambeni kokuhumusha. Amandla omshini avela ezintweni ze-piston adluliselwa ezindongeni zokuxhuma, ezixhunywe kuzo ngokusebenzisa umkhono kanye nephinikhodi ye-piston.

I-elementi efana nenduku yokuxhuma ixhunywe kujenali ye-crankshaft kusetshenziswa okokufaka. Ngenxa yalokho, ukunyakaza kokuhumusha kwe-piston kuguqulwa kube ukujikeleza kwe-crankshaft. Uma i-shaft ijika uhhafu (ijika ngo-180˚), i-crankpin ihlehla, ngaleyo ndlela iqinisekise ukubuya kwepiston. Khona-ke imijikelezo iyaphindwa.

Induku yokuxhuma yakhelwe ukuxhuma ipiston ku-crankshaft

Okunye okubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-crankshaft yinqubo yokugcoba izindawo zokugcoba, ezihlanganisa induku yokuxhuma kanye namajenali amakhulu. Kubalulekile ukwazi nokukhumbula ukuthi ukunikezwa kwe-lubricant ku-shaft kwenzeka ngaphansi kwengcindezi, eyenziwa yipompo yamafutha. Uwoyela uhlinzekwa kujenali eyinhloko ngayinye ngokuhlukile ohlelweni olujwayelekile lokuthambisa. I-Lubricant inikezwa ezintanyeni zezinduku zokuxhuma ngokusebenzisa iziteshi ezikhethekile ezitholakala kumajenali amakhulu.

Ubukhulu bentamo

Amajenali wenduku eyinhloko kanye nokuxhuma ayaguga njengoba kusetshenziswa injini, okuholela ekwephuleni ukusebenza kahle kweyunithi yamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugqoka kungahlotshaniswa nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkinga zenjini. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• ukucindezela okuphansi ohlelweni lokugcoba;
• izinga eliphansi lamafutha ku-crankcase;
• ukushisa ngokweqile kwe-motor, okuholela ekunciphiseni amafutha;
• i-lubricant yekhwalithi ephansi;
• ukuvala kanzima kwesihlungi samafutha.

I-shaft ngemva kokudilizwa kufanele ihlolwe ukuthi iyahambisana yini nobukhulu, bese ufinyelela iziphetho: ukugaya kuyadingeka noma cha.

Ama-nuances asohlwini aholela emonakalweni ebusweni bamajenali we-shaft, okubonisa isidingo sokukhanda noma ukushintshwa komhlangano. Ukuze uhlole ukugqoka kwezintamo, udinga ukwazi ubukhulu bazo, obuboniswa etafuleni.

Ithebula: amadiamitha ejenali ye-crankshaft

induku yokuxhuma					Owomdabu
Ngokuzisholo	Ukulungisa				Ngokuzisholo	Ukulungisa
	0,25	0,5	0,75	1		0,25	0,5	0,75	1
47,814	47,564	47,314	47,064	46,814	50,775	50,525	50,275	50,025	49,775
47,834	47,584	47,334	47,084	46,834	50,795	50,545	50,295	50,045	49,795

Okufanele ukwenze uma izintamo sezigqokile

Yiziphi izenzo zokugqoka amajenali we-crankshaft ku-VAZ 2106? Okokuqala, ukuxazulula izinkinga kuyenziwa, izilinganiso zithathwa nge-micrometer, ngemva kwalokho amajenali e-crankshaft acwebezeliswa ngemishini ekhethekile ukuze abe nosayizi wokulungisa. Ezimweni zegaraji, le nqubo ayikwazi ukwenziwa. Ukugaya izintamo kwenziwa ngobukhulu obuseduze (ngokusekelwe kumatafula anikeziwe). Ngemuva kokucubungula, ama-liner aqinisiwe (ukulungisa) afakwe ngokuhambisana nobukhulu obusha bezintamo.

Ukuze uhlole isimo se-crankshaft ngaphambi nangemva kokugaya, sebenzisa i-micrometer

Uma injini ilungiswa kabusha, ngeke kube yinto engafanele ukuhlola iphampu kawoyela, kucishwe imigudu kawoyela ye-cylinder block, kanye ne-crankshaft ngokwayo. Kufanele kuqashelwe uhlelo lokupholisa. Uma kunezimpawu zokuguga noma zokulimala ezintweni zenjini noma izinhlelo zayo, izingxenye kanye nemishini kudingeka kulungiswe noma kushintshwe.

Ividiyo: ukugaya i-crankshaft emshinini

Ukugaya amajenali e-crankshaft 02

Ukukhetha i-Crankshaft

Isidingo sokukhetha i-crankshaft ye-VAZ 2106, njenganoma iyiphi enye imoto, kuphakama uma kwenzeka ukulungiswa kwenjini noma ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenjini. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiyiphi imisebenzi, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-crankshaft kufanele ibe nzima, ibe nama-counterweights asindayo. Uma ingxenye ikhethwe ngendlela efanele, ukulahlekelwa kwemishini kuzoncishiswa kakhulu, kanye neminye imithwalo yezindlela.

Enkambweni yokukhetha i-node, noma ngabe iyintsha, ukunakwa okuseduze kukhokhwa ebusweni bayo: akufanele kube khona amaphutha abonakalayo, njengama-scratches, ama-chips, ama-scuffs. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunakwa kukhokhwa eziningana izici crankshaft, okungukuthi coaxiality, ovality, taper kanye ububanzi entanyeni. Ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kwenjini, i-crankshaft ilinganisela ukulinganisa zonke izakhi ezijikelezayo. Kule nqubo, isiteji esikhethekile sisetshenziswa. Ekupheleni kokulinganisa, lungisa i-flywheel bese uqhubeke nenqubo futhi. Ngemuva kwalokho, ubhasikidi we-clutch nezinye izakhi (ama-pulleys) afakwe. Asikho isidingo sokulinganisa ne-clutch disc.

Ukufaka i-crankshaft ku-VAZ 2106

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokufakwa kwe-crankshaft ku-"isithupha", uzodinga ukulungisa i-cylinder block: geza futhi uyihlanze ekungcoleni, bese uyomisa. Inqubo yokufaka ayinakwenzeka ngaphandle kwamathuluzi, ngakho-ke udinga ukunakekela ukulungiswa kwawo:

• iqoqo lokhiye;
• isethi ye-screwdriwer;
• i-micrometer;
• izinto ezisetshenziswayo (ukufakwa, uphawu, izindandatho zesigamu);
• ukusonta kwe-torque.

Ukukhweza i-shaft kubhlokhi, uzodinga ama-screwdrivers, ama-wrenches, i-micrometer kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo.

i-crankshaft bear

I-bearing ene-cage ebanzi ifakwe ngemuva kwe-VAZ 2106 crankshaft, lapho i-shaft yokufaka ye-gearbox ifakwe khona. Lapho ulungisa kabusha iyunithi yamandla, kuzoba usizo ukuhlola ukusebenza kwe-bearing. Ukungasebenzi kahle okujwayelekile kwalesi sigaba ukubukeka kokudlala nokubhoboza. Ukufaka esikhundleni sokuthwala, ungasebenzisa umdobi okhethekile noma usebenzise indlela elula - ukushaya ngesando neshizolo. Ngaphezu kokuthi ingxenye izodinga ukudilizwa, kubalulekile ukuthenga umkhiqizo wesilinganiso esifanele, okungukuthi 15x35x14 mm.

I-crankshaft bearing inekheji ebanzi yokufaka i-gearbox input shaft kuyo

Izimpawu zamafutha e-Crankshaft

Izigxivizo zamafutha zangaphambili nangemuva kufanele zishintshwe ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwenjini, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zisebenza isikhathi esingakanani. Kulula kakhulu ukuqaqa amadala nokufaka ama-cuff amasha enjinini ekhishiwe. Zombili izimpawu zifakwe ezimbozweni ezikhethekile (ngaphambili nangemuva).

I-crankshaft oil seal yangaphambili ifakwe kwikhava yangaphambili yebhulokhi (ikhava yesikhathi)

Akufanele kube khona ubunzima ekukhipheni izimpawu zamafutha amadala: okokuqala, usebenzisa i-adaptha (intshebe), uphawu olufakwe ngaphambili lukhishwe, bese, kusetshenziswa i-mandrel yobukhulu obufanele, ingxenye entsha icindezelwa. Lapho uthenga ama-cuffs amasha, naka ubukhulu bawo:

1. 40*56*7 ngaphambili;
2. 70*90*10 emuva.

Isigxivizo samafutha sangemuva sifakwe esembozweni sangemuva se-block ngokucindezela ingxenye nge-mandrel efanelekile.

Faka

Uma amaphutha ahlukahlukene noma izimpawu zokugqoka zitholakala ebusweni bama-liners, ama-bearings kufanele ashintshwe, ngoba awakwazi ukulungiswa. Ukuze unqume ukuthi ama-liners ahlakaziwe angasetshenziswa yini esikhathini esizayo, kuzodingeka ulinganise phakathi kwabo nenduku yokuxhuma, kanye namajenali amakhulu e-shaft. Emajenali amakhulu, usayizi ovunyelwe ngu-0,15 mm, wokuxhuma amajenali wenduku - 0,1 mm. Uma kwenzeka kudlula imingcele evumelekile, ama-bearings kufanele ashintshwe izingxenye ezinobukhulu obukhulu ngemva kokuba izintamo zibhodwe. Ngokukhethwa okulungile kwama-liner osayizi wentamo efanele, ukujikeleza kwe-crankshaft kufanele kube mahhala.

izindandatho eziyingxenye

Phonsa amaringi angamahhafu (ama-crescent) avimbela ukugudluka kwe-axial ye-crankshaft. Ngokufanayo nama-liners, akudingeki ukuthi alungiswe. Ngokukhubazeka okubonakalayo kwama-semi-rings, ingxenye kufanele ishintshwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele zishintshwe uma imvume ye-axial ye-crankshaft idlula evunyelwe (0,35 mm). Ama-crescents amasha akhethwa ngokusho kobukhulu obujwayelekile. Ukucaciswa kwe-axial kuleli cala kufanele kube ngu-0,06-0,26 mm.

Ukuze uvimbele ukususwa kwe-axial ye-crankshaft, kusetshenziswa izindandatho ze-thrust half.

Izindandatho eziyingxenye zifakwe "eziyisithupha" ku-bearing yesihlanu (eyokuqala kusukela ku-flywheel). Izinto zokwakha izakhi zingahluka:

• ohlangothini lwe-flywheel - ithusi, i-ceramic-metal, ithusi;
• kusukela ohlangothini lwangaphambili - ithusi, insimbi-aluminium.

Iziphi izingxenye ezisohlwini ongakhetha kuzo zincike ekuthandweni komnikazi wemoto. Izingcweti ezinolwazi zeluleka ngokufaka imikhiqizo yethusi. Ngaphezu kwezinto ezibonakalayo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-half-rings anezikhala zokugcoba. I-crescent yangaphambili ifakwe ne-slots ku-shaft, i-crescent yangemuva - ngaphandle.

Indlela yokufaka i-crankshaft ku-VAZ 2106

Lapho ukuxilongwa kwenziwa, ukuxazulula izinkinga ze-crankshaft, mhlawumbe kuyisicefe, amathuluzi adingekayo kanye nezingxenye sezilungisiwe, ungaqhubeka nokufaka umshini enjini. Inqubo yokufaka i-crankshaft ku-"Lada" yemodeli yesithupha iqukethe izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Sicindezela ku-bearing shaft yokufaka ye-gearbox.
   

   Sifaka i-bearing ngemuva kwe-crankshaft sisebenzisa i-mandrel efanelekile.
2. Sifaka ama-root bearings. Umhlangano wenziwa ngokucophelela ukuze ugweme ukudideka: eziyinhloko zikhulu futhi zine-groove yokugcoba (ukufakwa ngaphandle kwe-groove kufakwe esihlalweni sesithathu), ngokungafani nezinduku zokuxhuma.
   

   Ngaphambi kokubeka i-crankshaft ku-block, kuyadingeka ukufaka ama-bearings ayinhloko
3. Sifaka izindandatho eziyingxenye.
   

   Izindandatho eziyingxenye kufanele zifakwe ngendlela efanele: eyangaphambili ifakwe ku-shaft, engemuva ingaphandle.
4. Faka amafutha enjini ahlanzekile kumajenali e-crankshaft.
5. Sibeka i-shaft ku-block yenjini.
   

   I-crankshaft ibekwe ngokucophelela ku-cylinder block, ukugwema ukushaqeka
6. Sibeka izembozo ngezinsimbi eziyinhloko ngokukhiya ukukhiya, ngemva kwalokho siziqinise nge-torque engu-68-84 Nm, ngemva kokumanzisa ama-bolts ngamafutha enjini.
   

   Lapho ufaka amakhava anama-bearings amakhulu, izakhi kufanele zibekwe ilokhi ukuze zikhiye
7. Sifaka amagobolondo enduku yokuxhuma futhi silungise izinduku zokuxhuma ngokwazo nge-torque engekho ngaphezu kwe-54 Nm.
   

   Ukukhweza ama-bearings wenduku yokuxhuma, sifaka ingxenye eyodwa ye-bearing intonga yokuxhuma, bese, sibeka i-piston ku-cylinder, sifaka ingxenye yesibili bese siqinisa.
8. Sibheka ukuthi i-crankshaft ijikeleza kanjani: ingxenye kufanele ijikeleze ngokukhululekile, ngaphandle kokugubha kanye nokuhlehla.
9. Faka i-crankshaft seal yangemuva.
10. Namathisela ikhava yethreyi.
    

    Ukufaka ikhava ye-pallet, uzodinga ukufaka i-gasket, ikhava ngokwayo, bese uyilungisa
11. Senza ukufakwa kwe-promshaft ("ingulube"), amagiya, amaketanga.
    

    Sifaka i-promshaft namagiya ngaphambi kokufaka ikhava yesikhathi
12. Sifaka ikhava yesikhathi ngophawu lwamafutha.
    

    Ikhava yangaphambili yenjini ifakwe kanye nophawu lwamafutha
13. Sifaka i-crankshaft pulley bese siyibopha nge-bolt engu-38.
    

    Ngemva kokufaka i-crankshaft pulley ku-shaft, siyilungisa nge-bolt engu-38
14. Sifaka izakhi zomshini wesikhathi, kuhlanganise nekhanda le-cylinder.
15. Sidonsa iketango.
    

    Ngemuva kokufaka ikhanda nokuvikela i-sprocket ku-camshaft, uzodinga ukuqinisa iketanga.
16. Sibeka amamaki kuzo zombili izigxobo.
    

    Ukuze injini isebenze kahle, isikhundla se-camshaft kanye ne-crankshaft sisethwe ngokuvumelana namamaki
17. Senza ukufakwa kwezingxenye ezisele kanye nemihlangano.

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuvala, ama-gaskets enjini anconywa ukuthi afakwe usebenzisa i-sealant.

Ividiyo: ukufaka i-crankshaft ku-"classic"

I-Crankshaft VAZ "Ukufakwa ku-block"

I-Crankshaft pulley

I-generator nepompo yamanzi ku-VAZ 2106 iqhutshwa ibhande elisuka ku-crankshaft pulley. Lapho wenza umsebenzi wokulungisa ngenjini, kufanele kuqashelwe futhi isimo se-pulley: ingabe kukhona umonakalo obonakalayo (imifantu, ama-scuffs, ama-dent). Uma kutholakala amaphutha, ingxenye kufanele ishintshwe.

Uma ulungisa injini, hlola ngokucophelela i-crankshaft pulley ukuze uthole umonakalo. Uma kutholakala amaphutha, ingxenye kufanele ishintshwe.

Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, i-pulley ku-crankshaft kufanele ihlale ngokulinganayo, ngaphandle kokuhlanekezela. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-pulley ihlezi ngokuqinile ku-shaft, ukhiye usetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukujikeleza, okungase konakaliswe. Ingxenye enesici kufanele ishintshwe.

Ukuze kuvikelwe i-crankshaft pulley ekujikeni, kusetshenziswa ukhiye. Ingxenye ingase iphuke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okubonisa isidingo sokuyishintsha.

Amamaki e-Crankshaft

Ukuze injini isebenze ngokungenasici, ngemuva kokufaka i-crankshaft, ukulungiselelwa okufanele kokushisa kuyadingeka. Kukhona i-ebb ekhethekile ku-crankshaft pulley, futhi ku-cylinder block kukhona amamaki amathathu (amabili mafushane nelilodwa ubude) ahambisana nesikhathi sokuthungela. Amabili okuqala abonisa i-engeli engu-5˚ kanye no-10˚, kanti omude - 0˚ (TDC).

Ku-crankshaft pulley naku-cylinder block kukhona amamaki lapho i-piston yokuqala isethwe ku-TDC ukuze kube nendawo yokushisa efanele.

Uphawu ku-crankshaft pulley lubhekene nobude bezingozi kubhulokhi yesilinda. Kukhona futhi uphawu ku-sprocket ye-camshaft okufanele iqondaniswe ne-ebb on the bearing housing. Ukuze ujikeleze i-crankshaft, ukhiye okhethekile wobukhulu obufanele usetshenziswa. Ngokwamamaki amakiwe, i-piston yesilinda sokuqala isendaweni ephezulu efile, kuyilapho isilayidi esisabalalisi sokuthungela kufanele sifakwe ngokuphambene nokuthintana nesilinda sokuqala.

Naphezu kokuthi i-crankshaft iyingxenye ebalulekile yanoma iyiphi injini, ngisho nomakhenikha wemoto osanda kuqala angakwazi ukulungisa umshini, ngaphandle kwesiteji sokugaya. Into esemqoka ukukhetha izakhi ngokusho kobukhulu be-shaft, bese ulandela imiyalelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokuyihlanganisa.