Wenziwa kanjani umhloli wotshwala futhi angakhohliswa kanjani
Amaholide kaKhisimusi noNcibijane angamaholide, kodwa kunamaholide amaningi kakhulu azayo ezinsukwini ezizayo. Lesi yisikhathi sonyaka lapho uphuza kakhulu utshwala. Futhi enye yezinkinga ezinkulu abashayeli abahamba ngesondo uma bedakiwe. Ngakho-ke, kunengozi yangempela yokuthi bazoboshwa ngamaphoyisa futhi bashushiswe ngokwephula umthetho. Ukuze benze lokhu, kufanele babekwe icala lokushayela ngemva kokuphuza, futhi lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngomhloli otholakala kubaphathi bomthetho.
Ukuze ugweme ukuthuthukiswa okunjalo kwezenzakalo, into ebaluleke kakhulu akuyona ukushayela kulesi simo. Ngokuvamile, kuhle ukuthi umshayeli ngamunye unomhloli wakhe ukuze ahlole okuqukethwe kotshwala egazini (BAC) futhi, uma kudlula imingcele engokomthetho, khetha indlela yokuthutha ehlukile ngokufanele.
Ngabe umhloli usebenza kanjani?
Imishini yokuqala yokuhlola utshwala yokuphefumula yasungulwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1940. Umgomo wabo uwukwenza ukuphila kube lula emaphoyiseni aseMelika, ngoba ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma umchamo akulungile futhi akuhambisani nomthethosisekelo. Eminyakeni edlule, abahloli baye bathuthukiswa izikhathi eziningi, futhi manje banquma i-BAC ngokulinganisa inani le-ethanol emoyeni okhishwa umoya.
I-Ethanol uqobo iyimolekyuli encane encibilikiswa ngamanzi efakwa kalula ngezicubu zesisu iye emithanjeni yegazi. Ngoba leli khemikhali alizinzile kakhulu, lapho igazi elicebe ngotshwala lidlula kuma-capillaries lingene ku-alveoli yamaphaphu, i-ethanol evuthayo ihlangana namanye amagesi. Futhi lapho umuntu eshaya kumhloli, ugongolo lwe-infrared ludlula kwisampula lomoya elihambisanayo. Kulokhu, amanye ama-molecule e-ethanol ayangena, futhi lolu cingo lubala ukugxila kwama-milligram ayi-100 e-ethanol emoyeni. Kusetshenziswa into yokuguqula, le divayisi iguqula inani le-ethanol liye emthonjeni ofanayo wegazi futhi ngaleyo ndlela linikeze umphenyi umphumela.
Izinga eliphakeme elivunyelwe lotshwala egazini liyahlukahluka kuye ngezwe. Inkinga nokho ukuthi abahloli botshwala abasetshenziswa ngamaphoyisa abanembile. Izifundo eziningi zaselebhu zikhombisa ukuthi zingaba nokungajwayelekile okungathi sína. Lokhu kungayisiza indaba, kepha futhi kungamlimaza kakhulu, ngoba umphumela awulungile.
Uma umuntu ephuza imizuzu eyi-15 ngaphambi kokwenza isivivinyo, ukugcinwa kotshwala emlonyeni kuzoholela ekwandeni kwe-BAC. Inzuzo eyengeziwe iyabonakala nakubantu abanesifo se-reflux se-gastroesophageal, njengoba utshwala obunamandla phakathi esiswini obungakangeni egazini bungadala ukuboshwa. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela nabo banenkinga ngoba banamazinga aphezulu e-acetone egazini labo, ama-aerosols angawadida ne-ethanol.
Ngabe umhloli angakhohliswa?
Yize kunobufakazi bamaphutha abahloli, amaphoyisa ayaqhubeka nokuthembela kuwo. Kungakho abantu befuna izindlela zokubakhohlisa. Esikhathini esingaphezu kwekhulu lokusetshenziswa, kuphakanyiswe izindlela eziningana, ezinye zazo ezihlekisayo ngokuphelele.
Enye iwukukhotha noma ukumunca uhlamvu lwemali yethusi, okufanele "lumise" utshwala emlonyeni wakho futhi ngenxa yalokho wehlise i-BAC yakho. Nokho, ekugcineni umoya ungena emshinini usuka emaphashini, hhayi emlonyeni. Ngakho-ke, ukugcwala kotshwala emlonyeni akuphazamisi umphumela. Ingasaphathwa eyokuthi ngisho noma le ndlela ingasebenza, ngeke kusaba khona izinhlamvu zemali ezinokuqukethwe kwethusi elanele.
Ukulandela lo mbono ongafanele, abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi ukudla ukudla okubabayo noma i-mint (mouth freshener) kuzofihla utshwala egazini. Ngeshwa, lokho akusizi nganoma iyiphi indlela, futhi okuxakayo ukuthi ukuzisebenzisa kungakhuphula namazinga egazi le-BAC ngoba ukugeza okuningi komlomo kuqukethe utshwala.
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukubhema ugwayi kuyasiza futhi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akunjalo neze futhi kungalimaza kuphela. Lapho kukhanyiswa ugwayi, ushukela ofakwa kugwayi wakha i-acetaldehyde yamakhemikhali. Uma usemaphashini, kuzokwengeza ngokwengeziwe ukufundwa kokuhlolwa.
Nokho, zikhona izindlela zokukhohlisa umhloli. Phakathi kwazo i-hyperventilation - ukuphefumula okusheshayo nokujulile. Ukuhlola okuningi kubonise ukuthi le ndlela ingehlisa amazinga otshwala egazini. Impumelelo kuleli cala ingenxa yokuthi i-hyperventilation isula amaphaphu omoya osele kangcono kunokuphefumula okuvamile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokuvuselela umoya liyakhuphuka, okushiya isikhathi esincane sokungena kotshwala.
Ukuze isenzo esinjalo siphumelele, kudingeka kwenziwe izinto eziningana. Ngemuva kokuphefumula okunamandla, thatha umoya ojulile ungene emaphashini, bese ukhipha kakhulu futhi wehlise ivolumu ngokucijile. Misa ukunikezwa komoya ngokushesha nje lapho uzwa isignali evela kudivayisi.
Bonke abahloli badinga ukuthi ukhiphe ngokuqhubekayo imizuzwana embalwa ngaphambi kokwenza isivivinyo. Lo mshini udinga umoya osalile emaphashini, futhi uphuma kuphela ngokukhipha umoya. Uma ukugeleza komoya kushintsha ngokushesha, idivayisi izophendula ngokushesha lapho ifundwa, icabanga ukuthi uphelelwa umoya emaphashini akho. Lokhu kungadida umhloli ukuthi wenza konke kahle, kepha noma leli qhinga aliqinisekisi impumelelo ephelele. Kufakazelwe ukuthi inganciphisa ukufundwa nge-ppm ubuncane, i.e. angakusindisa kuphela uma usengcupheni yesilinganiso sotshwala esamukelekayo egazini. Sekukonke, ayikho indlela ethembekile yokudukisa umhloli wotshwala.
Okuwukuphela kwendlela eqinisekile yokubalekela ukushayela udakiwe iwukuba ungaphuzi ngaphambi kokushayela. Ngisho noma ikhona indlela ongakhohlisa ngayo umhloli, ngeke ikusindise ekuphazamisekeni nasekubambezelekeni kokusabela okwenzeka ngemva kokuphuza utshwala. Futhi lokhu kukwenza ube yingozi emgwaqeni - kuwena nakwabanye abasebenzisi bomgwaqo.
