Ubuchwepheshe be-hybrid busebenza kanjani ezimotweni

Njengamanje, imoto eyihybrid yentando yeningi isisezingeni eliphezulu, isikhathi soshintsho phakathi kwedrayivu eshisayo nekagesi, ngakho izimoto zisebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe obubili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kodwa-ke, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi leli gama elivamile lifihla ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene, kusukela kuma-hybrids we-anecdotal kuya kuma-hybrids "asindayo". Ngakho-ke ake sibheke ama-hybridizations ahlukahlukene akhona, kanye nazo zonke izinzuzo nezingozi zalokhu kwakamuva.

Ngaphambi kokucutshungulwa kwezihloko ezahlukahlukene kanye nezakhiwo zobuchwepheshe zezimoto eziyingxubevange (ama-assemblies ahlukene), sizoqala senze ukuhlukanisa ngokulinganisa idivayisi.

Amazinga ahlukene e-hybridization

I-Hybrid kakhulu i-MHEV ebuthakathaka ("microhybrid" / "FALSE" hybridization)

Amandla:	Okuphansi / 48V
Ishajwa kabusha:	akukho
Ukushayela ngogesi:	akukho
ukukhuluphala ngokweqile:	<30kg
Umthamo webhethri:	<0.8 isiqephu

Amazinga athile e-hybridization alula kakhulu, lokhu ikakhulukazi kwenzeka nge-48V ezingeni le-crankshaft pulley (ngaphambi kokuba lokhu kunqunyelwe ukuma nokuqala, i-generator-starter ayizange ithole okwamanje ukuze ikwazi ukusiza injini. ) ... Ifakwe amabhethri amancane kunawo wonke 0.7 kWhAngibubheki lobu buchwepheshe njengobungxubevange ngempela. Amandla akhiqizwe idivayisi kagesi ayi-anecdotal kakhulu ukuthi angahlulelwa kanjalo. Futhi njengoba i-torque idluliselwa emasondweni ngenjini (nge-damper pulley), ukunyakaza kukagesi okungu-100% ngokusobala ngeke kwenzeke. Qaphela abalimi abengeza amathani kulolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe, okukuvumela ukuthi ukholelwe ekuhlanganiseni okungaguquki (eqinisweni, yilokho kuphela okudingekayo ukuze ulondoloze amagremu ambalwa ezijeziso zemvelo). Ngakho-ke, ngifuna ukuhlukanisa lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwezilandelayo.

Qaphela abakhiqizi abasebenzisa lokhu ngokweqile, i-MHEV hybridization ingachazwa ngokuthi "inganekwane" ngoba iyinganekwane.

Uzozibona nge-48V noma i-MHEV nomenclature. Singacaphuna, isibonelo, i-e-TSI noma i-Ecoboost MHEV.

I-hybrid emaphakathi ("REAL" hybrid) HEV

Amandla:	Okuphezulu / ~ 200 V
Ishajwa kabusha:	akukho
Ukushayela ngogesi:	yebo
ukukhuluphala ngokweqile:	30 kuya ku-70 kg
Umthamo webhethri:	Ukusuka ku-1 kuye ku-3 kWh

Ngakho-ke, asisekho lapha phakathi

kakhulu

ukukhanya okuthembisa okuncane kakhulu (sisuka ngaphansi kuka-0.5 kWh siye kumanani ebangeni ukusuka Ukusuka ku-1 kuye ku-3 kWh, noma ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-3 km kugesi ogcwele). Ngakho-ke, lapha sikhuluma ngokuhlanganisa okulula, kodwa okusalandelanayo (okuzohlotshaniswa nesigaba esikhonjiswe ngemva kwe-[PHEV], nakhu okuhlukile kwe-PHEV ekhanyayo ngakho-ke ayishajwa kabusha). Ngakho, singakwazi ukushayela ngokuphelele ngogesi, ngisho noma kuyibanga elifushane kakhulu. Umgomo lapha ngokuyinhloko ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa, hhayi ukumboza i-100% yebanga lokuhamba likagesi. Umongo omuhle kakhulu ama-spark plugs, indawo lapho izinjini zokujova eziqondile zesimanje ezehlisiwe ziba namandla kakhulu (ingxube yokupholisa injini ecebile ethanda kakhulu ukushiswa okuncane, kodwa lokhu kuyingxenye yencazelo). Ngakho-ke awutholi lutho emigwaqweni esheshayo: imigwaqo kazwelonke / yomnyango / yezimoto. Kulo mongo, uphethiloli we-diesel uhlala unenzuzo eyengeziwe (ngakho-ke iplanethi!).

Okudume kakhulu yiHSD hybridization yakwaToyota ngoba isineminyaka ikhona! Ngakho-ke, ibuye ivame kakhulu ... Ukwethembeka kwayo kwaziwa kahle futhi umsebenzi wayo ucabangela kakhulu.

Muva nje, sizobe sikhuluma nge-hybrid ye-Renault E-Tech, efana neToyota, ehlanganiswe nobuchwepheshe bobunikazi okungekho omunye umuntu onabo (lapha awuyena umphakeli wemishini, kodwa uhlobo oluyithuthukisile). ... Kuyafana nangeMitsubishi IMMD.

I-PHEV plug-in hybrid ("REAL" hybrid)

Amandla:	Okuphezulu kakhulu / ~ 400 V
Ishajwa kabusha:	yebo
Ukushayela ngogesi:	yebo
ukukhuluphala ngokweqile:	100 kuya ku-500 kg
Umthamo webhethri:	Ukusuka ku-7 kuye ku-30 kWh

I-hybrid enjalo ingafaneleka njenge "esindayo", ngoba imishini esebhodini ikude nokuhlekisa futhi ilula (kusuka ku-100 kuya ku-500 kg eyengeziwe: ibhethri, amandla kagesi kanye nemoto kagesi) ...

Sibe sesilayisha ibhethri, elingasukela Ukusuka ku-7 kuye ku-30 kWh, okwanele ukushayela kusuka ku-20 kuya cishe ku-100 km, kuye ngemoto (yesimanje kakhulu).

Njengakwezinye izilinganiso ze-hybridization, sinobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene. Sisathola i-hybrid ye-Renault E-Tech, kodwa lapha ixhunywe ebhethrini elikhulu elishajwa kabusha nge-outlet yangaphandle. Ngoba uma iClio inenguqulo engu-1.2 kWh lightweight, iCaptur noma iMégane 4 ingahlomula enguqulweni engu-9.8 kWh, esingase siphumelele ukuyihlanganisa kakhulu. I-X5 45e izohlomula enguqulweni engu-24 kWh, eyanele ukuhamba amakhilomitha angama-90 iwusebenzisa ugesi wonke.

Lolu hlobo lwemoto lungakwazi ukusheshisa ku-130 km / h kuwo wonke amandla kagesi, abakhiqizi babonakala bezinzile ngaleli jubane (banikeza cishe yonke into efanayo).

Ama-hybrids amaningi alolu hlobo avame ukuba nenjini kagesi ebekwe maqondana ne-clutch / torque converter, yingakho iphakathi kwenjini nebhokisi legiya. AbakwaRenault bafake ugesi ku-transmission bakhipha i-clutch, kanti i-Toyota isebenzisa isitimela segiya leplanethi ukuhlanganisa amandla ashisayo namandla kagesi emasondweni (isistimu ye-HSD ayisakhanyi uma wengeza ibhethri elingu-8.8 kWh kuyo. Ibhethri elingashajwa kabusha isitolo).

Izakhiwo ezahlukene zezimoto ezi-hybrid

Umhlangano okhanyayo we-MHEV / Micro hybrid 48V

Lolu hlelo lusebenza ngama-voltage aphansi, okungukuthi 24 noma 48 V (cishe njalo 48 V). Lesi sikhathi sikhuluma ngokuhlomisa imoto ngesistimu "enhle kakhulu" yokumisa nokuqalisa, engagcini nje ngokuyivula kabusha imoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiza injini yokushisa ngisho noma ihamba. Lolu hlelo alukuvumeli ukuthi usebenzise ugesi ngokuphelele, kodwa kuvele kube yinqubo eguquguqukayo nelula engafakwa noma yikuphi! Ekugcineni, lena mhlawumbe isistimu ehlakaniphe kunawo wonke, ngisho noma uma uthi nhlá ibonakala ilula kuwe. Kepha isici sokukhanya esenza kuthakazelise ...

I-Parallel hybrid layout

Kulokhu kumiswa, ama-motor amabili angakwazi ukuzungeza amasondo, kungaba okushisayo kuphela, noma ugesi kuphela (kuma-hybrids agcwele), noma womabili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukuqoqwa kwamandla kuzoncika ezintweni eziguquguqukayo ezithile (bheka ngezansi: ukuqoqwa kwamandla). Futhi phawula ukuthi ezinye zezingxenye zingase zihluke kancane, kodwa i-logic ihlala ifana: amasondo kagesi kanye ne-thermal ashayela i-gearbox. Isibonelo ama-hybrids aseJalimane afana nezinhlelo ze-e-Tron / GTE. Lolu hlelo lusabalala kakhulu futhi kufanele lube iningi.

Funda: imininingwane yokusebenza kwe-hybridization e-Tron (transverse and longitudinal) kanye ne-GTE.

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi nginqume ukwenza imidwebo yami ngohlelo lwenjini ephambanayo, okungukuthi, iningi lezimoto zethu. Ama-sedans okunethezeka ngokuvamile asendaweni yobude. Qaphela futhi ukuthi ngicacisa lapha i-clutch enqamula injini ku-transmission (ngakho-ke kuzodingeka kwengezwe i-clutch noma i-converter phakathi kwe-motor kagesi kanye ne-gearbox ngaphezu kwesekhethi. Kodwa abanye abantu baxhuma injini kagesi ngqo i-gearbox. Isibonelo se-E-Tense kanye ne-HYbrid / HYbrid4 evela ku-PSA)

Lolu uhlelo lweMercedes enenjini yobude. Ngigqamise ngokubomvu injini kagesi ebekwe maqondana ne-torque converter. Kwesokudla kukhona u-gearbox (iplanethi, ngoba BVA), kanti kwesokunxele injini.

I-Hybrid Mount Series

Amanye amasistimu akubona ngendlela ehlukile, njengoba yinjini kagesi kuphela ekwazi ukushayela amasondo. Khona-ke injini yokushisa izosebenza kuphela njengejeneretha kagesi yokushaja kabusha amabhethri. Injini ngokwayo ayixhumene nogesi ngakho-ke namasondo, mancane amathuba okuthi iyingxenye yomakhenikha, kangangoba ibekwe eceleni. Lapha ungabheka i-BMW i3 noma i-Chevrolet Volt / Opel Ampera (ama-binoculars).

Lapha, imoto kagesi kuphela engahambisa imoto, ngoba iyona kuphela exhuma amasondo. Singacabanga ukuthi lena yimoto kagesi, ezoba nejeneretha eyengeziwe yokwandisa ukuzimela. Injini yokushisa ekhiqiza amakhulukhulu wamandla amahhashi ngeke ibe wusizo olukhulu ngoba isebenzela ukukhiqiza ugesi kuphela.

Ukufakwa kochungechunge-parallel

Lapha cishe uzoba nenkinga yokuqonda umqondo ngokushesha ... Ngempela, kuvele kuhlakaniphe njengoba kunzima ukukuqonda. Ingxenye yesizathu ilele kusitimela segiya leplanethi, esivumela amandla ukuthi agcinwe ku-shaft eyodwa kusuka emithonjeni emibili ehlukene: injini kagesi nenjini yokushisa. Kuphinde kube inkimbinkimbi yenani lezinto ezihambayo ezisebenza ndawonye, ​​kanye nezindlela eziningi zokusebenza ezenza uhlelo emhlabeni wonke lube nzima ukufunda (inhlanganisela yemibono eyinkimbinkimbi ehlobene neketango lokudlulisa, ikakhulukazi isitimela se-epicyclic, kodwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kazibuthe kagesi njengokukhiqiza amandla amanje kanye nokudlulisa i-torque nge-clutch effect). Ibizwa ngokuthi ukulandelana / ukuhambisana ngoba ihlanganisa kancane izindlela ezimbili zokusebenza (okwenza izinto zibe nzima ...).

Funda kabanzi: Isebenza kanjani iToyota Hybrid (HSD).

Ukwakha kuyehluka ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane, kodwa isimiso siyefana

Umdwebo wangempela ubheke phansi ngoba uma ubhekwa ngakolunye uhlangothi ...

I-Hybrid Ehlukanisiwe / Ehlukile

Singabala, isibonelo, uhlelo lwe-PSA (noma kunalokho i-Aisin) Hybrid4, lapho injini kagesi ingeyamasondo angemuva, kuyilapho ingaphambili ivamile ngenjini yokushisa (kwesinye isikhathi iphinde ibe yi-hybrid ngaphambili njengeRav4 HSD noma isizukulwane sesibili i-HYbrid2 ne-HYbrid4 kwezinye izimo).

Amazinga ahlukene e-hybridization

Ngaphambi kokubheka izindlela ezahlukene zokwenza imoto eyingxubevange, ake siqale sibheke isilulumagama esichaza ukuxutshwa okuhlukahlukene okungenzeka:

• Qedela i-hybrid : ngokwezwi nezwi "ingxubevange ephelele": ugesi onokungenani u-30% wesamba somthamo. Imoto kagesi (futhi kungase kube eziningana zazo) iyakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo ukunyakaza amakhilomitha amaningana.
• I-plug-in hybrid : I-hybrid egcwele ye-plug-in. Amabhethri angaxhunywa ngqo kumapayipi amakhulu.
• I-hybrid emaphakathi / I-Microhybrid : Kulesi simo, imoto ngeke ikwazi ukushayela ngokuphelele kugesi, ngisho namabanga amafushane. Ngakho, isithombe esishisayo sizohlala sivuliwe. Izinhlobo zesimanje ezingama-48V zize zisize injini ngendlela ehlelekile nge-damper pulley. Ezinguqulweni zokuqala zama-2010, yayinqunyelwe ku-Stop ne-Sart ethuthukisiwe, ngoba yayilawulwa yi-generator-starter, hhayi i-starter evamile (ukuze sikwazi ukubuyisela amandla ngesikhathi sokunciphisa, okungeke kube njalo nge isiqalo sakudala kunjalo)

Kungani amandla engakheki ngaso sonke isikhathi?

Endabeni ye-hybrid eqhutshwa yi-motor kagesi, yona ngokwayo ikhokhiswa i-generator eshisayo (noma injini ...), kulula ukuqonda ukuthi akukho lutho oludingekayo ... Vumela amandla okushisa abe yi-2 noma i-1000 amandla amahhashi. ngeke ishintshe lutho, ngoba isetshenziselwa ukushajwa kabusha amabhethri. Ngokuyisisekelo ingadlalwa kuphela ngesivinini sokulayisha kabusha.

Ukuze uthole uhlelo oluvamile (imoto yomklamo wendabuko enenjini esekelayo kagesi), amandla kagesi kanye nenjini yokushisa. buthelela kodwa akudingekile ukuba kuholele ekusuleni okulula.

Ngempela, izici eziningana zingathonya ukuqoqwa, isibonelo:

• Isakhiwo sesistimu (ingabe idrayivu kagesi izoshayela amasondo afanayo nawesithombe esishisayo? Hhayi ku-Hybrid4, isb. i-parallel hybrid noma i-series-parallel)
• Amandla ebhethri (ukunika amandla injini kagesi) adlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngoba ngokungafani ne-thermal, enikwa amandla uphethiloli ovela kuthangi (2 amalitha anele ukunika amandla i-8 hp V500 imizuzwana embalwa), injini kagesi ngeke ikwazi ukuletha wonke amandla ayo uma ibhethri linganele ( okungenani ifane nenjini okufanele inikwe amandla), okuyinto enjalo kwamanye amamodeli. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesitimela sikadizili, kunjengokungathi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kulinganiselwe ...
• Imininingwane yama-motor amabili ahlanganisiwe. Injini ayinikezi amandla afanayo kulo lonke uhla lwejubane (injini kuthiwa inamandla amahhashi angu-X ku-X rpm, amandla ahluka nhlobo Y/min). Ngakho-ke, lapho kuhlanganiswa ama-motor amabili, amandla aphezulu awafinyeleli kumandla aphezulu wezimoto ezimbili. Isibonelo: amandla okushisisa 200 HP ku-3000 rpm kuhlanganiswe nokuphuma kukagesi okungu-50 hp. ku-2000 rpm ngeke ikwazi ukunikeza i-250 hp. ngo-3000 rpm, njengoba injini kagesi inamandla amakhulu (50) ku-2000 t / min. Ku-3000 rpm izothuthukisa kuphela i-40 hp, ngakho-ke 200 + 40 = 240 hp.

Yonke imibono nokuphendula

wokugcina amazwana athunyelwe:

U-Emrys pro (Usuku: 2021, 06:30:07)

I-Lexus RX 400h 2010 г.

Nginenkinga yokushaja ibhethri elingu-12V. Ngicela usizo

Il J. 1 ukusabela (kula) mazwana:

• Ukuphatha UMPHATHI WENDAWO (2021-07-01 10:32:38): Njengoba ingekho enye i-alternator, ixhunywe kugesi wamandla olawula ukuhamba kukagesi.

(Okuthunyelwe kwakho kuzobonakala ngaphansi kwamazwana ngemuva kokuqinisekiswa)

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