Usayizi wamasondo ukuthinta kanjani ukusebenza kokushayela nokusebenza kwemoto
Okuqukethwe
Izingubo zenza indoda, amasondo enza imoto. Iminyaka eminingi, kusobala ukuthi inqwaba yabashayeli bayashayela. Kodwa abanye baye badlulela phambili, belandela isiqubulo esithi: "Okukhulu futhi kubanzi, kungcono." Ingabe kuyiqiniso ngempela? Ake sibheke inkinga ngokuningiliziwe futhi sichaze izinzuzo/ububi bamathayi amancane ajwayelekile namathayi abanzi.
Amadiski ayatholakala namuhla ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zomumo, osayizi, imibala, ngakho ilungu elingaba nentshisekelo linomuzwa wokuthi lingakhetha noma yini ezofanela uyise. Ngakho-ke, idatha esephepheni ledatha kanye nesikhala esingaphansi kwamaphiko sihlala kuwukuphela kwemikhawulo. Eqinisweni, nokho, kunemikhawulo eminingana okuthi, uma indiva, ingathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kokushayela, ukunethezeka kokushayela noma ukuphepha. Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi amasondo ukuphela kwendawo lapho imoto nomgwaqo ihlangana khona.
Isisindo sesondo
Bambalwa abantu abanesifiso sebhayisikili elihle nelikhulu abazozibuza lo mbuzo. Ngasikhathi sinye, isisindo sezinqwaba ezingalondekile sinomthelela ophawulekayo ekusebenzeni kokushayela nasekuphatheni imoto. Futhi, ukwehla kwamandla e-inertia esondo elijikelezayo kukhulisa amandla okuhamba nokusheshisa. Uma kwenzeka ushintsho ngosayizi oyintshi eli-1 (intshi), ukuzuza kwesisindo kuncane kakhulu, esimweni sokukhuphuka kwamasentimitha ama-2 noma ngaphezulu, ukuzuza kwesisindo kuyabonakala kakhulu futhi kufinyelela kumakhilogremu amaningana. Vele, kufanele kubhekwe nezinto ezenziwe ngazo idiski.
I-physics elula yanele ukuchaza indima ebalulekile yezisindo zamasondo. Amandla e-kinetic esondo elijikelezayo akhuphuka ngokulingana nejubane lokujikeleza.
Ek = 1/2 * I * ω2
Ukuthi lokhu kungubuningi obukhulu kungakhonjiswa ngesibonelo sokujikeleza kwamasondo ebhayisikili. Alula, kepha uma ejikeleza ngejubane elithile, angakwazi ukubamba ibhayisikili nomuntu omdala kulayini oqondile ngaphandle kokubamba noma ukushayela. Isizathu salokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-gyroscopic effect, ngenxa yokuthi ukushintsha ukuqondiswa kokunyakaza kunzima kakhulu, ijubane lokujikeleza kwesondo liphakeme.
Kuyafana nangamasondo ezimoto. Njengoba zisinda, kuba nzima kakhulu ukuguqula indlela, futhi lokhu sikubona njengalokho okuthiwa ukuqondisa kwamandla. Amasondo asindayo nawo enza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthambisa ukunyakaza kwawo lapho kudlula amabhampa. Kudinga namandla amaningi ukuwashintshanisa noma ukuwaphendukisa. amabhuleki.
Ukuguquguquka kwemoto
Ububanzi besondo abunamphumela omncane ekusebenzeni okunamandla kwemoto. Indawo yokuxhumana emikhulu isho ukumelana okuthe xaxa uma usebenzisa uhlobo olufanayo lwenyathela. Lokhu kuphawuleka kakhulu ngezinjini ezibuthakathaka, lapho ukusheshisa kusuka ku-0 kuye ku-100 km / h kungancishiswa ngezingxenye ezimbalwa kwezeshumi zomzuzwana. Endabeni yezinjini ezinamandla ngokwedlulele, lo mehluko awuncane.
Kwezinye izimo (ngezinjini ezinamandla) lo mphumela ubuye ube okuphambene, ngoba isondo elibanzi linendawo enkulu yokuxhumana nomgwaqo, ebonakala ekushibilikeni okuncane ngesikhathi sokusheshisa okusheshayo futhi ngenxa yalokho ukushesha okungumphumela ongcono.
Максимальная скорость
Ububanzi besondo buphinde buthinte ijubane eliphezulu. Kodwa-ke, kuleli cala, umphumela wokuphikiswa kokuphakama okuphezulu awubonakali kangako kunesimo sokushesha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi okunye ukumelana nokunyakaza kuyaqala ukusebenza, futhi ukumelana okuphawuleka kakhulu kwenzeka phakathi komoya womzimba, kepha naphakathi kwamasondo uqobo, anyuka ngesikwele sejubane.
Amabhuleki amabhuleki
Ebusweni obomile, lapho libanzi isondo, kufishaniswa nebanga lokubhreka. Umehluko ungamamitha. Kungashiwo okufanayo nge-braking emanzi, njengoba kunezindawo eziningi ezincanyana (emaphethelweni) wephethini lokunyathela elihlikihla umgwaqo.
Isimo esiphambene senzeka lapho imoto ishayela/ibhuleka endaweni emanzi enongqimba oluqhubekayo lwamanzi. Ukwandisa ububanzi besondo kunciphisa ingcindezi ethize yesondo emgwaqeni futhi kususa amanzi endaweni yokuxhumana okubi kakhulu. Indawo enkulu yesondo elibanzi idinga ukuthwala inani elikhulu lamanzi, okuba yinkinga kakhulu njengoba ijubane likhuphuka. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amathayi abanzi aqala kakhulu ngaphambili, okuthiwa yi-Swim - hydroplaning lapho ushayela echibini elikhulu, njengamathayi amancane, ikakhulukazi uma ukunyathela kwesondo elibanzi kugugile kakhulu.
Ukuqondiswa kwamandla
Ezindaweni ezomile nezimanzi, amathayi abanzi anenombolo yephrofayili encane (ubukhulu obuncane nodonga oluseceleni oluqinile) ahlinzeka ngokudonsa okungcono. Lokhu kusho ukuphatha okungcono (ngokushesha nangokucijile) ngokuguqulwa okubukhali kwesiqondiso, njengoba kunokuguquguquka okuncane kakhulu kunomzimba omncane noma omncane. isondo elijwayelekile. Ukudonsa okungcono nakho kuholela ekushintsheni komkhawulo wokugunda ngesikhathi sokujika amakhona okusheshayo - inani eliphakeme le-g.
Njengokubhuleka amabhuleki, isimo esiphikisayo senzeka endaweni emanzi noma emgwaqeni omanzi. lapho ushayela eqhweni. Emigwaqweni enjalo, amathayi abanzi azoqala ukushelela futhi ashelele ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Amathayi anciphise asebenza kangcono kakhulu kulokhu, njengoba kuncipha kakhulu amanzi noma iqhwa libambeka ngaphansi kwenyathela. Akunakusho ukuthi ukuqhathanisa amathayi nohlobo olufanayo nokuqina kokunyathela.
Ukusetshenziswa
Ububanzi besondo buba nomthelela omkhulu ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli kwemoto. Kubonakala kakhulu ezinjinini ezibuthakathaka, lapho kufanele kube khona amandla okulindeleka okudingeka ukuthi ucindezele i-accelerator ngaphezulu. Kulokhu, ukushintsha isondo lisuke ku-15 "liye ku-18" kungasho ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okungaphezu kuka-10%. Imvamisa, ukwanda kobubanzi besondo elingu-1 intshi kanye nokunyuka okuhambisanayo kobubanzi besondo kusho ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okungaba ngu-2-3%.
Ukushayela ngokunethezeka
Amathayi amancanyana anezinombolo ezisezingeni eliphakeme (ejwayelekile) akulungele kakhulu ukushayela emigwaqeni empofu. Ukuphakama kwawo okuphezulu kukhubazeka futhi kumunca okungahambi kahle komgwaqo kangcono.
Mayelana nomsindo, isondo elibanzi liyamemeza kancane kancane kunethayi elijwayelekile elincane. Kumathayi amaningi anephethini yokunyathela efanayo, lo mehluko awunakwa.
Ijubane lishintsha ngejubane elifanayo lenjini
Ngaphezu kwalezi zinto ezingenhla, izinguquko zosayizi wamathayi nazo zingathinta isivinini semoto ngejubane elifanayo lenjini. Ngamanye amagama, ngejubane elifanayo le-tachometer, imoto izohamba ngokushesha okukhulu noma kancane. Ukuphambuka kwesivinini ngemuva kokushintshwa kwesondo. amadiski ayahluka ngamaphesenti. Ake silingise isibonelo ku-Škoda Octavia. Sifuna ukushintsha amasondo 195/65 R15 abe 205/55 R16. Ushintsho oluba umphumela ngejubane kulula ukubalwa:
Amathayi 195/65 R15
Ubukhulu bubonisiwe, isibonelo: 195/65 R15, lapho u-195 mm ububanzi besondo (ku-mm), futhi u-65 ubude besondo njengephesenti (kusuka kububanzi obungaphakathi kuya ngaphandle) maqondana nobubanzi besondo. I-R15 ububanzi bediski ngama-intshi (intshi eyodwa ilingana no-25,4 mm).
Ukuphakama kweTire v siyakholwa v = ububanzi * iphrofayili "v = 195 * 0,65 = 126,75 mm.
Sibala i-disk radius ngamamilimitha r = disc ububanzi * 25,4 / 2 "r = (15 * 25,4) / 2 = 190,5 mm.
Ububanzi besondo lonke ngu R = r + v »126,75 + 190,5 = 317,25.
Umjikelezo wesondo O = 2 * π * R "2 * 3,1415 * 317,25 = 1993,28 mm.
Amathayi 205/55 R16
v = 205 * 0,55 = 112,75 mm.
r = (16 * 25,4) / 2 = 203,2 mm.
R = 112,75 + 203,2 = 315,95 mm.
O = 2 * 3,1415 * 315,95 = 1985,11 mm.
Ngokwalezi zibalo ezingenhla, kuyabonakala ukuthi isondo elibonakala likhulu elingu-16 inch empeleni lincanyana ngama-mm ambalwa. Ngakho-ke, imvume yomhlabathi yemoto iyancipha ngo-1,3 mm. Umthelela wejubane eliwumphumela ubalwa ngefomula ethi Δ = (R2 / R1 – 1) * 100 [%], lapho u-R1 kuyirediyasi yokuqala yesondo kanye no-R2 irediyasi entsha yesondo.
Δ = (315,95 / 317,25 – 1) * 100 = -0,41%
Ngemuva kokushintsha amathayi kusuka ku-15 "kuya ku-16", ijubane lizokwehliswa ngo-0,41% kanti i-tachometer izokhombisa isivinini esingu-0,41% ngaphezulu ngejubane elifanayo kunasesikhathini samathayi ayi-15.
Kulokhu, ushintsho lwejubane alunakunakwa. Kepha uma siguquka, ngokwesibonelo, lapho sisebenzisa amasondo kusuka ku-185/60 R14 kuya ku-195/55 R15 ku-Škoda Fabia noma eSeat Ibiza, ijubane lizokwenyuka cishe ngo-3%, kanti i-tachometer izokhombisa isivinini esingaphansi esingu-3% ngasikhathi sinye isivinini ukwedlula esimweni samathayi 14 ″.
Lokhu kubalwa kuyisibonelo esenziwe lula somphumela wobukhulu besondo. Ekusebenziseni kwangempela, ngaphezu kosayizi wamarimu namathayi, ushintsho lwejubane luthonywe nokujula kokunyathela, ukwehla kwamandla emali futhi, neqiniso, ijubane lokuhamba, ngoba isondo eligingqikayo likhubazeka phakathi nokunyakaza kuye ngokuthi isivinini. nokuqina kwesakhiwo.
Ekugcineni, isifinyezo sezinzuzo nobubi bamathayi amakhulu futhi abanzi ngosayizi abajwayelekile.
| ukubambelela kangcono emigwaqeni eyomile futhi emanzi | Ukusebenza kabi kokushayela (ukuphatha, ukubopha amabhuleki, ukubamba) ezindaweni ezivalwe yiqhwa noma ezimbozwe ngamanzi |
| ukuphatha imoto kangcono emigwaqeni eyomile futhi emanzi | ukuvela kwe-aquaplaning ngejubane eliphansi |
| izindawo ezingamabhuleki kangcono emigwaqweni eyomile futhi emanzi | ukwanda kokusetshenziswa |
| ikakhulu ukwenza ngcono ukwakheka kwemoto | ukuwohloka kwenduduzo yokushayela |
| Intengo ephakeme kakhulu nesisindo |
