Asebenza kanjani ama-airbag esimanje

Namuhla, ngeke umangaze noma ubani ukuba khona kwe-airbag emotweni. Abakhiqizi bezimoto abaningi abahlonishwayo sebenayo kakade ekucushweni okuyisisekelo kwamamodeli amaningi. Ngokuhambisana nebhande lesihlalo, ama-airbag avikela abangaphakathi ngokuthembekile kakhulu uma kwenzeka kushayisana futhi anciphisa inani lokufa ngama-30%.

Konke kwaqala kanjani

Umqondo wokusebenzisa ama-airbags ezimotweni waqalwa ekuqaleni kwawo-70s ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka e-United States. Umfutho kwaba ukusungulwa ngu-Allen Breed kwenzwa yebhola - inzwa yomshini enqume ukwehla okubukhali kwesivinini ngesikhathi somthelela. Futhi ngomjovo osheshayo wegesi, indlela ye-pyrotechnic yabonakala ilungile.

Ngo-1971, ukusungulwa kwahlolwa kwi-Ford Taunus. Futhi imodeli yokuqala yokukhiqiza efakwe i-airbag, ngemva konyaka, kwakuyi-Oldsmobile Toronado. Ngokushesha ukwakhiwa okusha kwaqokwa abanye abakhiqizi bezimoto.

Ukwethulwa kwemicamelo kwaba yisizathu sokuyekwa okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kwamabhande ezihlalo, okwakungadumile eMelika. Nokho, kwavela ukuthi isilinda igesi ukudubula ngesivinini mayelana 300 km / h kungabangela ukulimala okukhulu. Ikakhulukazi, amacala okuphuka kwe-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho ngisho nesethi yokufa yabhalwa.

Okuhlangenwe nakho kwabantu baseMelika kwacatshangelwa eYurophu. Cishe eminyakeni engu-10 kamuva, iMercedes-Benz yethula uhlelo lapho i-airbag ingashintshi, kodwa ihambisana namabhande ezihlalo. Le ndlela isiye yamukelwa kabanzi futhi isasetshenziswa nanamuhla - i-airbag iqalwa ngemva kokuba ibhande seliqinisiwe.

Kuzinzwa zemishini ezisetshenziswe ekuqaleni, isisindo (ibhola) sishintshile ngesikhathi sokushayisana futhi savala othintana nabo ababangele uhlelo. Izinzwa ezinjalo bezingalungile ngokwanele futhi zihamba kancane. Ngakho-ke, zathathelwa indawo izinzwa ze-electromechanical ezithuthuke kakhulu futhi ezisheshayo.

Izikhwama zomoya zesimanje

I-airbag yisikhwama esenziwe ngezinto zokwenziwa eziqinile. Uma iculwa, icishe igcwale ngokushesha igesi. Impahla ihlanganiswe ne-lubricant esekelwe ku-talc, ekhuthaza ukuvuleka okusheshayo.

Uhlelo luhambisana nezinzwa zokushaqeka, ijeneretha yegesi kanye neyunithi yokulawula.

Izinzwa ezishaqisayo azinqumi amandla omthelela, njengoba ungase ucabange, ukwahlulela ngegama, kodwa ukusheshisa. Ekungqubuzaneni, inenani elibi - ngamanye amazwi, sikhuluma ngesivinini sokunciphisa.

Ngaphansi kwesihlalo somgibeli kunesensa ekwazi ukubona ukuthi umuntu uhlezi yini kuso. Uma ingekho, umcamelo ohambisanayo ngeke usebenze.

Inhloso yejeneretha yegesi ukugcwalisa ngokushesha isikhwama somoya ngegesi. Kungaba uphethiloli oqinile noma ingxubevange.

Ku-propellant eqinile, ngosizo lwe-squib, ukushaja uphethiloli oqinile kuvutha, futhi ukuvutha kuhambisana nokukhululwa kwe-nitrogen yegesi.

Ku-hybrid, kusetshenziswa inkokhiso enegesi ecindezelwe - njengomthetho, i-nitrogen noma i-argon.

Ngemva kokuqala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi, iyunithi yokulawula ihlola impilo yesistimu futhi ikhiphe isignali ehambisanayo kudeshibhodi. Ngesikhathi sokushayisana, ihlaziya izimpawu ezivela ezinzwa futhi, kuye ngesivinini sokunyakaza, izinga lokunciphisa, indawo kanye nesiqondiso somthelela, kubangela ukusebenza kwama-airbag adingekayo. Kwezinye izimo, yonke into inganqunyelwa kuphela ukungezwani kwamabhande.

Iyunithi yokulawula ngokuvamile ine-capacitor, inkokhiso engakwazi ukushisa i-squib lapho inethiwekhi ebhodini ivaliwe ngokuphelele.

Inqubo ye-actuation yesikhwama somoya iyaqhuma futhi yenzeka ngaphansi kwama-millisecond angama-50. Ezinhlobonhlobo zesimanje eziguquguqukayo, ukwenza kusebenze okuyizigaba ezimbili noma okunezigaba eziningi kungenzeka, kuye ngamandla okushaywa.

Izinhlobonhlobo zama-airbag esimanje

Ekuqaleni, kwakusetshenziswa izikhwama zomoya ezingaphambili kuphela. Zisathandwa kakhulu kuze kube namuhla, zivikela umshayeli nomgibeli ohlezi eduze kwakhe. I-airbag yomshayeli yakhelwe esiteringini, kanti i-airbag yomgibeli itholakala eduze kwebhokisi lamagilavu.

I-airbag yangaphambili yomgibeli ivamise ukwakhiwa ngendlela yokuthi ingasebenzi ukuze kufakwe isihlalo sengane esihlalweni esingaphambili. Uma lingacishiwe, ukushaywa kwebhaluni elivuliwe kungakhubaza noma kubulale ngisho ingane.

Izikhwama zomoya ezisemaceleni zivikela isifuba nomzimba ophansi. Ngokuvamile zitholakala ngemuva kwesihlalo esingaphambili. Kuyenzeka bafakwe ezihlalweni ezingemuva. Ezinguqulweni ezithuthuke kakhulu, kungenzeka ukuthi ube namakamelo amabili - aphansi aqinile futhi athambile ukuze avikele isifuba.

Ukuze kuncishiswe amathuba okuba nokukhubazeka kwesifuba, umcamelo wakhiwe ngqo ebhandeni lesihlalo.

Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-90s, iToyota yaba ngowokuqala ukusebenzisa ama-airbag ekhanda noma, njengoba bebizwa nangokuthi, "amakhethini". Afakwe ngaphambili nangemuva ophahleni.

Eminyakeni efanayo, izikhwama zomoya zamadolo zavela. Afakwa ngaphansi kwesiteringi futhi avikele imilenze yomshayeli ekulimaleni. Kungenzeka futhi ukuvikela imilenze yomgibeli ongaphambili.

Muva nje, kusetshenziswe umcamelo omaphakathi. Uma kwenzeka kuba nomthelela ohlangothini noma ukugingqika kwemoto, kuvimbela ukulimala kwabantu abashayisana. Ibekwe endaweni ye-armrest ngaphambili noma ngemuva kwesihlalo sangemuva.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo ekuthuthukisweni kwesistimu yokuphepha emgwaqeni cishe kuzoba ukwethulwa kwe-airbag esebenza kumuntu ohamba ngezinyawo futhi ivikele ikhanda lakhe ekushayweni kwewindi. Ukuvikela okunjalo sekuvele kwathuthukiswa futhi kwagunyazwa ngabakwaVolvo.

I-automaker yaseSweden ngeke iphele kulokhu futhi isivele ihlola umcamelo wangaphandle ovikela imoto yonke.

Isikhwama somoya kufanele sisetshenziswe ngendlela efanele

Lapho isikhwama sigcwala igesi kungazelelwe, ukusishaya kungaphumela ekulimaleni okungathi sína kumuntu futhi kubangele ngisho nokufa. Ingozi yokuphuka umgogodla ngenxa yokushayisana komcamelo ikhuphuka ngo-70% uma umuntu engahlali phansi.

Ngakho-ke, ibhande lesihlalo eliboshiwe liyimfuneko yokuvula isikhwama somoya. Imvamisa uhlelo luyalungiswa ukuze uma umshayeli noma umgibeli engahleli, i-airbag ehambisana nayo ingasha.

Ibanga elincane elivumelekile phakathi komuntu nesihlalo se-airbag lingama-25 cm.

Uma imoto inekholomu yokuqondisa eguquguqukayo, kungcono ukungathwalwa futhi ungaphushi isiteringi sibe phezulu kakhulu. Ukungafakwa kahle kwe-airbag kungabangela ukulimala okubi kumshayeli.

Abalandeli bamatekisi angajwayelekile ngesikhathi sokudutshulwa komcamelo basengozini yokuphuka izandla. Ngokuma okungalungile kwezandla zomshayeli, isikhwama somoya sikhulisa ngisho namathuba okuphuka uma kuqhathaniswa nalezo zimo lapho kukhona ibhande lesihlalo eliboshiwe kuphela.

Uma ibhande liboshwe, ithuba lokulimala lapho isikhwama somoya sisetshenziswa mancane, kodwa kusengenzeka.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukuthunyelwa kwe-airbag kungabangela ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa noma kubangele isifo senhliziyo. Umthelela ezingilazini ungaphula amalensi, bese kuba nobungozi bokulimala kwamehlo.

Izinganekwane ezijwayelekile ze-airbag

Ukushaya imoto emile ngento esindayo noma, isibonelo, igatsha lesihlahla esiwayo lingabangela ukuthi i-airbag isetshenziswe.

Eqinisweni, ngeke kube nokusebenza, njengoba kulokhu inzwa yejubane itshela iyunithi yokulawula ukuthi imoto imile. Ngesizathu esifanayo, uhlelo ngeke lusebenze uma enye imoto indizela emotweni emile.

I-skid noma i-braking engazelelwe ingabangela ukuthi i-airbag iphume.

Lokhu akukho embuzweni ngokuphelele. Ukusebenza kungenzeka nge-overload ye-8g nangaphezulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa, abagijimi beFormula 1 noma abashayeli bezindiza bezindiza abeqi ku-5g. Ngakho-ke, akukho ukubhuleka okuphuthumayo, noma imigodi, noma ukushintsha komzila okungazelelwe kuzoholela ekudubuleni kwesikhwama somoya. Ukushayisana nezilwane noma izithuthuthu nakho ngokuvamile awawavuli ama-airbag.