Zisebenza kanjani izimoto ezihamba ngezimoto?

Izimoto ezihamba ngokuzimela, athembisa ukuba inguquko kwezobuchwepheshe embonini yezimoto. Izimoto ezibizwa ngokuthi ezizimele ziye zavela emibonweni yamafilimu wesikhathi esizayo, kepha empeleni, ziguqula umbono wethu wezinhlelo zokuhamba ezisemadolobheni.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubheka ezobuchwepheshe nokuthi zisebenza kanjani lezi zimoto zangomuso, esezivele zikhona. Ngempela, kulindeleke ukuthi izimoto ezinjalo zisabalale eYurophu ngo-2022.

Zisebenza kanjani izimoto ezihamba ngezimoto?

Izimoto ezizenzekelayo zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha, ukusebenza okuphezulu okuvumela imoto ukuthi ibone izithiyo emgwaqweni, ibone abahamba ngezinyawo nezinye izimoto, icubungule izimpawu ezithile zomgwaqo, "iqonde" incazelo yezimpawu zokuqondisa nezimpawu zomgwaqo, inquma inketho efanelekile kunazo zonke, ukuthi ungasuka kanjani kwelinye iphuzu uye kwelinye, njll.

Ukulawula yonke imisebenzi enjalo, izinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zobuhlakani bokufakelwa, idatha enkulu kanye ne-Intanethi Yezinto zibandakanyeka ezimotweni ezizimele... Lobu buchwepheshe buhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwesoftware kanye nemishini ekhethekile, efana ne-LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) laser sensors, ekwazi ukuskena i-3D imvelo yemoto ngenkathi isahamba.

Nazi ezinye zezinto ezisemqoka okufanele wazi ngazozisebenza kanjani izimoto ezihamba ngokuzenzakalela:

• Zonke izinto zezimoto ezizimele zihlelelwe ukunikeza phendula ngokushesha ngenkathi ushayelaKonke lokhu kusebenza ngenethiwekhi yezimpawu zikagesi ezivumela imoto ukuthi izenzele "izinqumo" zayo. Le mikhuba ilawula ukuqondiswa kohambo, amabhuleki, ukudluliswa nokuphambana.
• "Umshayeli Obonakalayo" kuyinto esemqoka yokusebenza kwezimoto ezizishayelayo. Kuluhlelo lwekhompiyutha olugcina ukulawula imoto njengoba umshayeli ophilayo enza njalo. Le software ixhumanisa umsebenzi wezinto ezahlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe ukuze zisebenze ngokujwayelekile, futhi idala nendlela ephephile.
• Izimoto ezizenzekelayo zihlanganisa eziningana izindlela zokubonaevumela uhlelo ukuthi "lubheke" maphakathi nayo yonke into eseduze. Isibonelo, ithuluzi le-LiDAR esilishilo ngenhla, noma ezinye izindlela zokubona zekhompyutha ezikhona namuhla.

Nakuba izimoto ezizishayelayo namanje aziphelele - zinezinzuzo eziningi ezingase zitholakale esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimweni eziningi, izimoto ezizishayelayo zinezimo zero.

Izici zobuchwepheshe zezimoto ku-autopilot

Nayi eyinhloko ubuchwepheshe obusebenzisa izimoto kwi-autopilot:

• Izinhlelo zokubona ezingezona ezangempela. Lawa ngamadivayisi afana nezinzwa namakhamera anokulungiswa okuphezulu athwebula indawo ebonakalayo yemoto. Ezinye izindawo ezinhle zalezi zinhlelo uphahla kanye ne-windshield.
• Umbono wesimo sendawo. I-Vision tomography algorithm yilawo ama-algorithm acubungula futhi ahlaziye ngesikhathi sangempela, imininingwane kanye nendawo yezinto ezisendleleni yombono ophindwe kabili wemoto phakathi nokunyakaza kwakho.
• 3D . Imephu ye-XNUMXD yinqubo eyenziwa yi-Autonomous Vehicle Central System ukuze "ibone" izindawo edlula kuzo. Le nqubo ayisizi nje imoto ngenkathi ishayela, kodwa futhi izosiza esikhathini esizayo ngoba indawo ye-XNUMXD ibhalisiwe futhi igcinwe ku-Central System.
• Amandla wekhompyutha... Ngaphandle kokungabaza, i-central processing unit yezimoto ezizimele inamandla amaningi wekhompyutha, ngoba ayikwazi nje kuphela ukuguqula umbono wayo yonke imvelo ebonakalayo kube idatha yedatha ezocutshungulwa, kepha, njengomthetho, bahlaziya nemininingwane eminingi eyengeziwe, ngokwesibonelo, ukukhetha izindlela ezifanele zokwenza umzila ngamunye.

Imoto enjalo imikhiqizo efana neTesla Motors akuyona yodwa ehlola umhlaba wezimoto ezizimele... Eqinisweni, izinkampani zobuchwepheshe ezinjengeGoogle ne-IBM nazo ziyahola kule ndawo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa ezimotweni ezizishayelayo bazalwa, okungukuthi, ngaphakathi kwemboni yezobuchwepheshe, base bedlulela embonini yezimoto.

Njengomshayeli okhokhelwayo, kufanele ukwazi lokho izinhlelo ezingenamuntu izimoto zisenzima kakhulu... Kungakho amandla abo nemisebenzi yabo iqhubeka nokwenziwa ngcono nokwenza ngcono, ngenhloso yokuthi kungekudala lezi zimoto zizosetshenziswa ngobuningi.