Isebenza kanjani i-clutch emotweni nokuthi ungayihlola kanjani?

Yini i-clutch?

Isizathu sokuhamba kwemoto enjinini yayo, ngokunembile, ku-torque eyikhiqizayo. I-clutch iyi-transmission mechanism okuyiyona ehambisa lesi sikhathi isuka enjinini yemoto iye emasondweni ayo ngo-gearbox.

I-clutch yakhelwe esakhiweni somshini phakathi kwe-gearbox ne-motor. Iqukethe imininingwane efana nalena:

• ama-disc amabili okushayela - i-flywheel ne-clutch basket;
• idiski eyodwa eqhutshwayo - i-clutch disk enezikhonkwane;
• i-shaft yokufaka ngegiya;
• shaft yesibili enegiya;
• ukukhishwa kokukhishwa;
• i-clutch pedal.

Isebenza kanjani i-clutch emotweni?

I-drive disk - i-flywheel - ifakwe ngokuqinile ku-crankshaft yenjini. Ubhasikidi we-clutch wona uboshelwe ku-flywheel. I-clutch disc icindezelwa ebusweni be-flywheel ngenxa ye-diaphragm spring, efakwe ubhasikidi we-clutch.

Lapho imoto iqalwa, injini ivusa ukunyakaza okujikelezayo kwe-crankshaft futhi, ngokufanele, i-flywheel. I-input shaft ka-gearbox ifakwa nge-bearing kubhasikidi we-clutch, i-flywheel ne-drin disk. Ukuzungezisa akudluliselwa ngokuqondile kusuka ku-flywheel kuya ku-shaft yokufaka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kukhona i-disk eqhutshwa ekwakhiweni kwe-clutch, ezungeza ne-shaft ngesivinini esifanayo futhi ihamba phambili naphambili eduze kwayo.

Isikhundla lapho amagiya we-shafts eyisisekelo neyesibili engahlangani kubizwa ngokuthi i-neutral. Kulesi simo, imoto ingaginqika kuphela uma umgwaqo utshekile, kodwa ungashayeli. Indlela yokudlulisa ukujikeleza ku-shaft yesibili, okuzomisa amasondo ngokungaqondile? Lokhu kungenziwa kusetshenziswa i-clutch pedal kanye ne-gearbox.

Esebenzisa i-pedal, umshayeli ushintsha indawo yediski ku-shaft. Isebenza kanje: lapho umshayeli ecindezela i-clutch pedal, i-release bear icindezela i-diaphragm - futhi ama-clutch discs ayavuleka. Ishafu yokufaka kuleli cala iyama. Ngemuva kwalokho umshayeli uhambisa i-lever ku-gearbox bese evula isivinini. Kuleli qophelo, amagiya e-shaft yokufaka anezikhala namagiya okukhiphayo. Manje umshayeli uqala ukukhulula kahle i-clutch pedal, ecindezela i-disc eqhutshwa ngokumelene ne-flywheel. Futhi njengoba i-shaft yokufaka ixhunywe kudiski eqhutshwayo, iphinde iqale ukujikeleza. Ngenxa ye-meshing phakathi kwamagiya ama-shafts, ukujikeleza kudluliselwa emasondweni. Ngale ndlela, injini ixhunywe emasondweni, futhi imoto iqala ukuhamba. Uma imoto isivele igcwele isivinini, ungakwazi ukukhulula ngokugcwele i-clutch. Uma ufaka igesi kulesi sikhundla, isivinini senjini sizokhuphuka, futhi nabo ijubane lemoto.

Kodwa-ke, i-clutch ayidingeki nje kuphela ukuze imoto iqale futhi isheshise. Awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwayo lapho ubhuleka. Ukuze ume, udinga ukukhama i-clutch bese ucindezela kancane i-pedal ye-brake. Ngemuva kokumisa, khipha igiya bese ukhulula i-clutch. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, emsebenzini we-clutch, kwenzeka izinqubo eziphambene nalezo ezenzeka ekuqaleni kokunyakaza.

Indawo yokusebenza ye-flywheel kanye nebhasikidi ye-clutch yenziwe ngensimbi, futhi leyo ye-clutch disc yenziwe ngezinto ezikhethekile zokungqubuzana. Yile nto ehlinzeka nge-disc slip futhi eyivumela ukuthi ishelele phakathi kwe-flywheel kanye nebhasikidi ye-clutch lapho umshayeli ebambe i-clutch ekuqaleni kokunyakaza. Kungenxa yokushibilika kwama-disc okwenza imoto isuke kahle.

Lapho umshayeli ededela i-clutch kungazelelwe, ubhasikidi ucindezela ngokushesha i-disk drive, futhi injini ayinaso isikhathi sokuqala imoto futhi iqale ukuhamba ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, injini iyancipha. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka kubashayeli abasafufusa abangakayizwa indawo ye-clutch pedal. Futhi unamaphuzu amathathu abalulekile:

• phezulu - lapho umshayeli engayicindezeli;
• ephansi - lapho umshayeli eyicindezela ngokuphelele, futhi ihlezi phansi;
• medium - ukusebenza - lapho umshayeli ekhulula ngobumnene i-pedal, futhi i-clutch disc ixhumene ne-flywheel.

Uma uphonsa i-clutch ngesivinini esikhulu, imoto izoqala ukuhamba ngokushelela. Futhi uma uyigcina endaweni yokucindezelwa isigamu lapho imoto iqala ukuhamba, futhi kancane kancane wengeze igesi, khona-ke ukungqubuzana kwediski eliqhutshwayo endaweni yensimbi ye-flywheel kuyoba kubi kakhulu. Kulokhu, ukunyakaza kwemoto kuhambisana nephunga elibi, bese bethi i-clutch "iyashisa". Lokhu kungaholela ekugugeni ngokushesha kwezindawo zokusebenza.

Ibukeka kanjani i-clutch futhi iyini?

I-clutch ihlelwe ngokuya ngamadivaysi amaningana asebenzayo. Ngokuthintana kwezakhi ze-passive nezisebenzayo, izigaba ezilandelayo zama-node ziyahlukaniswa:

• I-Hydraulic.
• I-electromagnetic.
• Ukungqubuzana.

Kunguqulo ye-hydraulic, umsebenzi wenziwa ngokugeleza kokumiswa okukhethekile. Ama-coupling afanayo asetshenziswa kuma-gearbox azishintshayo.

I-1 - i-reservoir ye-hydraulic drive yokuhlanganisa / isilinda esikhulu sebhuleki; I-2 - i-hose yokuhlinzeka ngamanzi; 3 - i-vacuum brake booster; 4 - uthuli cap; 5 - ibhuleki servo ubakaki; 6 - i-clutch pedal; I-7 - i-valve yokuphuma kwegazi ye-clutch master cylinder; 8 - i-clutch master cylinder; I-9 - i-nati yokubopha ingalo yesilinda esiyinhloko sokuhlanganisa; 10 - ukuhlanganisa amapayipi; 11 - ipayipi; 12 - gasket; 13 - ukwesekwa; 14 - bushing; 15 - gasket; I-16 - ifanele ukopha isilinda sesigqila se-clutch; I-17 - isilinda sesigqila se-clutch; I-18 - amantongomane okubopha ubakaki wesilinda esisebenzayo; 19 - izindlu ze-clutch; I-20 - i-flexible hose coupling; 21 - hose eguquguqukayo

I-electromagnetic. I-Magnetic flux isetshenziselwa ukushayela. Ifakwe ezimotweni ezincane.

I-frictional noma ejwayelekile. Ukudluliswa komfutho kwenziwa ngenxa yamandla okungqubuzana. Uhlobo oludume kakhulu lwezimoto ezine-manual transmission.

1.* Ubukhulu bereferensi. 2. Ukuqinisa i-torque yamabhawodi afaka i-crankcase 3. Idrayivu yokukhipha i-clutch yemoto kufanele ihlinzeke: 1. Ukunyakaza kwe-clutch ukuze kukhishwe i-clutch 2. Amandla e-axial kwi-thrust ring lapho i-clutch inganqanyulwa 4. Uma ubuka A-A, i-clutch ne-gearbox casing ayiboniswa.

 Ngohlobo lwendalo. Kulesi sigaba, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zokuhlanganisa ziyahlukaniswa:

• i-centrifugal;
• ingxenye ye-centrifugal;
• ngentwasahlobo enkulu
• nge-peripheral spirals.

Ngokuya ngenani lama-shaft ashayelwa, kukhona:

• Idiski eyodwa. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu.
• Idiski eliphindwe kabili. Asungulwa ekuthuthweni kwempahla noma emabhasini anomthamo oqinile.
• I-Multidisk. Isetshenziswa ezithuthuthu.

Uhlobo lweDrayivu. Ngokwesigaba se-clutch drive, zihlukaniswa zibe:

• Omakhenikha. Nikeza ngokudluliswa komfutho lapho ucindezela i-lever ngekhebula ukuya kwimfoloko yokukhulula.
• I-Hydraulic. Zihlanganisa amasilinda ayinhloko kanye nesigqila se-clutch, ahlanganiswe neshubhu yokucindezela okukhulu. Lapho i-pedal icindezelwa, induku yesilinda eyisihluthulelo icushiwe, lapho i-piston itholakala khona. Iphendula, icindezela uketshezi olugijimayo bese idala umshini wokunyathelisa odluliselwa kusilinda esikhulu.

Kukhona nohlobo lokuhlangana lwe-electromagnetic, kodwa namuhla alusetshenziswanga kwezobunjiniyela bemishini ngenxa yokulungiswa okumba eqolo.

Ungawuhlola kanjani umsebenzi we-clutch?

4 ukuhlolwa kwesivinini. Ezimotweni ezine-manual transmission, kunendlela eyodwa elula ongaqinisekisa ngayo ukuthi i-clutch yokuhambisa ngesandla ihlulekile ngokwengxenye. Ukufundwa kwe-speedometer ejwayelekile kanye ne-tachometer yemoto etholakala kudeshibhodi kwanele.

Ngaphambi kokuhlola, udinga ukuthola indawo eyisicaba yomgwaqo enendawo ebushelelezi engaba yikhilomitha ubude. Kuzodingeka ukuthi ishayelwe ngemoto. I-algorithm yokuhlola i-clutch slip imi kanje:

• ukusheshisa imoto egiyeni lesine kanye nesivinini mayelana 60 km / h;
• bese uyeka ukusheshisa, susa unyawo lwakho ku-gas pedal bese uvumela imoto ukuthi ihambe kancane;
• lapho imoto iqala "ukuminyanisa", noma ngesivinini esingaba ngu-40 km / h, inikeze igesi kakhulu;
• ngesikhathi sokusheshisa, kuyadingeka ukuqapha ngokucophelela ukufundwa kwe-speedometer ne-tachometer.

Nge-clutch enhle, imicibisholo yamathuluzi amabili abonisiwe izoya kwesokudla ngokuvumelanisa. Okungukuthi, ngokukhuphuka kwejubane lenjini, ijubane lemoto lizokhula, inertia izoba yincane futhi ngenxa yezici zobuchwepheshe zenjini (amandla ayo nesisindo semoto).

Uma ama-clutch discs agugile kakhulu, khona-ke ngenkathi ucindezela i-gas pedal, kuzoba nokwanda okubukhali kwejubane lenjini namandla, okuyinto, noma kunjalo, ngeke idluliselwe kumasondo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ijubane lizokhula kancane kakhulu. Lokhu kuzovezwa eqinisweni lokuthi imicibisholo ye-speedometer ne-tachometer iya kwesokudla ngaphandle kokuvumelanisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka okubukhali kwejubane lenjini, indweba izozwakala kuyo.

Isheke lebhuleki lesandla. Indlela yokuhlola eyethulwe ingenziwa kuphela uma ibhuleki lesandla (lokupaka) lilungiswe kahle. Kufanele ishunwe kahle futhi ilungise kahle amasondo angemuva. I-algorithm yokuhlola isimo se-clutch izoba kanje:

• faka imoto phezu kwebhuleki lesandla;
• qala injini;
• cindezela i-clutch pedal bese ubamba igiya lesithathu noma lesine;
• zama ukusuka, okungukuthi, cindezela i-gas pedal bese ukhulula i-clutch pedal.

Uma ngesikhathi esifanayo injini igxuma futhi izitebele, khona-ke konke kuhamba ngokuhlelekile nge-clutch. Uma injini igijima, khona-ke kukhona ukuguga kuma-clutch disc. Amadiski awakwazi ukubuyiselwa futhi noma ukulungiswa kwendawo yawo noma ukushintshwa okuphelele kwesethi yonke kuyadingeka.

Izimpawu zangaphandle. Ukusebenza kwe-clutch nakho kungahlulelwa ngokungaqondile uma nje imoto ihamba, ikakhulukazi, ikhuphuka noma ingaphansi komthwalo. Uma i-clutch ishelela, khona-ke kukhona amathuba aphezulu ephunga elivuthayo ku-cabin, elizovela kubhasikidi we-clutch. Olunye uphawu olungaqondile ukulahleka kwezici eziguqukayo zomshini ngesikhathi sokusheshisa kanye / noma lapho ushayela ukhuphuka.

I-clutch "iyahola". Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, igama elithi "lead" lisho ukuthi i-clutch master namadiski aqhutshwayo awahlukani ngokuphelele lapho i-pedal icindezelekile. Njengomthetho, lokhu kuhambisana nezinkinga lapho uvula / ushintsha amagiya ku-transmission manual. Ngaso leso sikhathi, kuzwakala umsindo oklabalasayo nama-rattles ku-gearbox. Ukuhlolwa kwe-clutch kuleli cala kuzokwenziwa ngokuya nge-algorithm elandelayo:

• qala injini bese uyiyeka ingasebenzi;
• cindezela ngokugcwele i-clutch pedal;
• sebenzisa igiya lokuqala.

Uma i-lever ye-gearshift ifakwe ngaphandle kwezinkinga esihlalweni esifanele, inqubo ayithathi umzamo omkhulu futhi ayihambisani ne-rattle - okusho ukuthi i-clutch "ayiholeli". Uma kungenjalo, kunesimo lapho i-disc ingahlukani ne-flywheel, okuholela ezinkingeni ezichazwe ngenhla. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukuwohloka okunjalo kungaholela ekuhlulekeni okuphelele kwe-clutch kuphela, kodwa futhi kuholele ekungasebenzi kahle kwe-gearbox. Ungakwazi ukuqeda ukuwohloka okuchazwe ngokumpompa ama-hydraulics noma ukulungisa i-clutch pedal.