Isebenza kanjani imoto kagesi?

Amasondo amane, uphahla, amafasitela nxazonke. Uma uthi nhlá, imoto kagesi ingase ibukeke njengemoto "yendabuko" yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, kodwa kunomehluko embalwa obalulekile. Kulesi sihloko, sizobhekisisa ukuthi imoto kagesi isebenza kanjani.

Sonke siyazi ukuthi imoto kaphethiloli isebenza kanjani. Egalaji likaphethiloli, ugcwalisa ithangi likaphethiloli ngophethiloli. Lo phethroli ufakwa ngamapayipi namapayipi enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, exuba wonke nomoya bese iqhuma. Uma isikhathi salokhu kuqhuma sibekwe ngendlela efanele, ukunyakaza kwakhiwa okuhumusha ukunyakaza okujikelezayo kwamasondo.

Uma uqhathanisa le ncazelo elula kakhulu nemoto kagesi, uzobona okuningi okufanayo. Ushaja ibhethri lemoto yakho kagesi endaweni yokushaja. Leli bhethri, yiqiniso, alilona "ithangi" elingenalutho njengasemotweni yakho kaphethiloli, kodwa ibhethri ye-lithium-ion, isibonelo, kukhompuyutha ephathekayo noma i-smartphone. Lo gesi uguqulwa ube ukunyakaza okuzungezayo ukwenza ukushayela kwenzeke.

Izimoto zikagesi nazo zihlukile

Lezi zimoto ezimbili ziyaqhathaniswa ngokuyisisekelo, nakuba kunomehluko omkhulu. Sithatha u-gearbox. Emotweni "yendabuko", kuno-gearbox phakathi kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi nama-axle okushayela. Phela, injini kaphethiloli ayihlali ikhula amandla aphelele, kodwa ithola amandla amakhulu. Uma ubheka igrafu ekhombisa amandla kanye ne-Nm yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ngenani elithile lama-revolutions, uzobona amajika amabili kuyo. Izimoto zesimanje - ngaphandle kwama-CVT transmissions - ngakho-ke okungenani zinamagiya amahlanu aya phambili ukugcina injini yakho evuthayo yangaphakathi inejubane elifanele ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Injini kagesi iletha amandla aphelele kusukela ekuqaleni futhi inebanga elibanzi kakhulu lejubane elikahle kunenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Ngamanye amazwi, ungakwazi ukushayela usuka ku-0 uye ku-130 km/h emotweni kagesi ngaphandle kwesidingo samagiya amaningi. Ngakho-ke, imoto kagesi efana neTesla inegiya elilodwa kuphela eliya phambili. Ukungabi bikho kwamagiya amaningi kusho ukuthi awaphelelwa amandla uma ushintsha igiya, yingakho ama-EV ejwayele ukubukwa njengenkosi yejubane emarobhothini. Umuntu kufanele acindezele i-accelerator pedal kukhaphethi, futhi uzodubula ngokushesha.

Kukhona okuhlukile. Isibonelo, iPorsche Taycan inamagiya amabili aya phambili. Phela iPorsche kulindeleke ukuthi ibe esporty kakhulu kunePeugeot e-208 noma iFiat 500e. Kubathengi bale moto, isivinini esiphezulu (ngokuqhathaniswa) sibaluleke kakhulu. Yingakho iTaycan inamagiya amabili aya phambili, ngakho ungakwazi ukusheshe ubalekele amarobhothi ngegiya lokuqala ujabulele iVmax ephakeme ngegiya lesibili. Izimoto zeFormula E nazo zinamagiya amaningi aya phambili.

Torque

Ekhuluma ngomdlalo wemoto, asihambe. i-torque vectorization yabela. Lesi senzo siyawazi nangezimoto zikaphethiloli. Umbono we-torque vectoring ukuthi ungakwazi ukusabalalisa i-torque yenjini phakathi kwamasondo amabili ku-axle efanayo. Ake sithi ubanjwe yimvula enkulu lapho isondo liqala ukushelela. Akuwenzi umqondo ukudlulisa amandla enjini kuleli sondo. Umehluko we-torque vectoring ungadlulisela i-torque encane kulelo sondo ukuze uphinde ukwazi ukulawula lelo sondo.

Izimoto zikagesi zezemidlalo eziningi ngokuvamile zinemoto kagesi eyodwa i-asili ngayinye. I-Audi e-tron S ize ibe namamotho amabili e-axle yangemuva, eyodwa esondweni ngalinye. Lokhu kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-torque vector. Phela, ikhompyutha ingase inqume ngokushesha ukunganikezi amandla esondweni elilodwa, kodwa ukudlulisa amandla kwelinye isondo. Into ongadingi ukuyenza njengomshayeli, kodwa ongazijabulisa ngayo.

“One Pedal Driving”

Olunye ushintsho ezimotweni zikagesi amabhuleki. Noma kunalokho, indlela ye-braking. Injini yemoto kagesi ayikwazi nje ukuguqula amandla ibe ukunyakaza, kodwa futhi iguqule ukunyakaza kube amandla. Emotweni kagesi, lokhu kusebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-dynamo yebhayisikili. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma wena njengomshayeli ususa unyawo kwi-accelerator pedal, i-dynamo iqala ngokushesha bese ume kancane. Ngale ndlela ubhuleka ngaphandle kokubhreka futhi ushaje ibhethri. Iphelele, akunjalo?

Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-regenerative braking, nakuba i-Nissan ithanda ukuyibiza ngokuthi "i-one-pedal driving." Inani lokubhuleka okuvuselelayo ngokuvamile lingashintshwa. Kutuswa ukushiya leli nani liphezulu ukuze unciphise ukusebenza kwemoto kagesi ngangokunokwenzeka. Hhayi nje ngobubanzi bakho, kodwa nangenxa yamabhuleki. Uma zingasetshenziswa, ngeke ziguge. Izimoto zikagesi zivame ukubika ukuthi amabhuleki ama-discs azohlala isikhathi eside kunangesikhathi zisashayela imoto kaphethiloli. Ukonga imali ngokungenzi lutho, lokho akuzwakali njengomculo ezindlebeni zakho?

Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nokuhle nokubi, funda isihloko sethu mayelana nobuhle nobubi bemoto kagesi.

isiphetho

Yebo, asizange singene emininingwaneni yokuthi imoto kagesi isebenza kanjani ngobuchwepheshe. Lena into eyinkimbinkimbi futhi engenasithakazelo kwabaningi. Sibhale lapha ikakhulukazi ukuthi yimuphi umehluko omkhulu kithina, uphethiloli. Okungukuthi indlela ehlukile yokusheshisa, ukubhuleka kanye nemoto. Ingabe ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngokuthi yiziphi izingxenye ezisemotweni kagesi? Khona-ke ividiyo ye-YouTube engezansi iyadingeka. Uprofesa waseNyuvesi yaseDelft uyachaza ukuthi iyiphi indlela ugesi okufanele uhambe ngayo ukusuka efolokweni ukuya esondweni. Ufuna ukwazi ukuthi imoto kagesi ihluke kanjani kwekaphethiloli? Bese uvakashela lewebhusayithi yoMnyango Wezamandla wase-US.

Isithombe: Model 3 Performance by @Sappy, via Autojunk.nl.