Ijeneretha yemoto isebenza kanjani? Idizayini nezimpawu zokuwohloka kwemoto

I-generator isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amandla ashintshanayo ezimotweni. Futhi hhayi kuzo kuphela, ngoba i-alternator iklanyelwe ukumane iguqule amandla omshini abe amandla kagesi. Kuvela ukuthi isebenza kahle kakhulu kunejeneretha ye-DC, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, ingasebenza kahle kusukela ngesivinini esiphansi. Ungqondongqondo u-Nikola Tesla wasungula i-alternator. Kuyinto esungulwe kahle kangangokuthi ezimotweni eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ezithuthukile, into eyakhiwe ngo-1891 isasebenza nanamuhla.

Umklamo we-generator

Uyafuna ukwazi ukuthi kubukeka kanjani ukwakhiwa kwe-alternator? Nokho, into ephawuleka kakhulu kumsebenzisi wemoto i-pulley. Kukuye ukuthi i-poly-V-belt noma i-V-belt ifakwe, ehlinzeka ngedrayivu. Izinto ezilandelayo zejeneretha sezivele zifihliwe ekubukeni komsebenzisi ojwayelekile.

Uma sifuna ukwakha isifunda se-generator, izici ezilandelayo zokuklama kufanele zibekwe kuso. Ijeneretha ngayinye iqukethe izingxenye ezilandelayo:

• Rotor;
• ima;
• iyunithi yokulungisa;
• isibambi sebhulashi ngamabhulashi;
• i-voltage regulator;
• amacala angaphambili nangemuva;
• isondo lokugijimisa indiphi elenzelwe into esindayo;
• i-goylatora.

I-generator - isimiso sokusebenza kwejeneretha yemoto

Zonke lezi zakhi, ezihlanganiswe emzimbeni owodwa, zinikezani? Ngaphandle komsebenzi we-pulley, ngokomthetho, nganoma iyiphi indlela. Konke kuqala uma uvula ukhiye ekuthutheni. Lapho ibhande liqala ukuguqula isondo futhi lokhu kusetha i-rotor in motion, insimu kazibuthe idalwe phakathi kwe-stator kanye nozibuthe ku-rotor. Lawa ama-claw poles abekwe ngokushintshana, phezulu ane-polarities ehlukene. Ngaphansi kwazo kunekhoyili. Amabhulashi anezindandatho zokushelela axhunywe ekugcineni kwezigxobo ezinamazinyo anikeza amandla ku-alternator.. Ngakho-ke i-alternator ikhiqiza i-alternating current.

Ijeneretha kanye nejeneretha, noma indlela yokuthola amandla aqondile emotweni

Ingabe uyazibuza ukuthi kungani udinga ukushintshashintsha kwamandla emotweni? Ngokuyisisekelo ayinamsebenzi, ngakho idinga "ukuqondisa". Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa ama-diode okulungisa, afakwe ku-generator ebhulohweni lokulungisa. Ngenxa yabo, okwamanje okutholwe yijeneretha yemoto kuyaguqulwa kusuka kokushintshana kuya kokuqondisa.

Kungenzeka yini ukuhlola i-alternator emotweni ngokwakho?

Uma imoto iqala, yini inkinga? Hhayi-ke, uma i-generator ingashajeli ibhethri, khona-ke ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa yokushayela izibani zivuliwe, izokhishwa ngokuphelele. Futhi-ke ngeke kwenzeke ukuqala injini. Ngenhlanhla, ukuhlola ijeneretha kulula kakhulu futhi akudingi ulwazi lobuchwepheshe noma amakhono.

Indlela yokuhlola i-generator yemoto isinyathelo ngesinyathelo?

Uma ufuna ukuhlola i-generator emotweni, qala uthole i-multimeter, noma kunalokho i-voltmeter. Ekuqaleni, hlola ukuthi iyiphi i-voltage edluliselwa ebhethri. Ungayiqali injini ngenkathi wenza lokhu. Inani kufanele libe ngaphezu kwe-13 V. Bese uqala injini futhi uyivumele isebenze isikhashana (cishe imizuzu emi-2). Ngalesi sikhathi, qiniseka ukuthi inkomba yokushajwa kwebhethri eduze kwewashi ivaliwe. Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukukala kabusha i-voltage esuka ebhethrini injini isebenza. Inani kufanele libe likhulu kuno-13 V.

Isinyathelo sokugcina sokuhlola ijeneretha umthwalo enjini nebhethri. Vula isiphephetha-moya sibe namandla amakhulu, vula umsakazo, izibani nanoma yini enye engadla ugesi. Uma i-alternator yemoto isebenza kahle, umthamo webhethri kufanele ube ngu-13 volts kulo mthwalo.

Indlela yokuxhuma i-generator?

Kunezixhumi ezimbalwa ezimakwe ngezinhlamvu ezindlini zamajeneretha. Enye yazo "B +", enesibopho sokudlulisa i-voltage ebhethri futhi iyisixhumi esiyinhloko ku-generator. Yiqiniso, akuyona yedwa, ngoba ngaphandle kwayo kukhona "D +", obhekene nokunika amandla i-generator diode, futhi "W", edlulisela ulwazi ku-tachometer. Ngemva kokufaka i-generator endaweni yomhlangano, kulula kakhulu ukuyixhuma.

Yini okufanele ngiyinake ngokukhethekile lapho ngixhuma i-generator?

Nakuba ukuxhuma i-generator akunzima, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuze ungaphambanisi izinzwa nezingxenye ezingomakhelwane. Izesekeli zezimoto zinamapulagi anamandla afanayo kakhulu. Kungenzeka ukuthi esikhundleni sokuxhuma i-generator, ubeka ipulaki kusuka kunzwa yenye ingxenye lapho. Futhi-ke ngeke ube nenkokhelo, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho kuzovela i-diode kudeshibhodi, ukwazisa, isibonelo, mayelana nokucindezela okuphansi kwamafutha enjini.

I-generator - izimpawu zokuhluleka kwejeneretha yemoto

Kulula kakhulu ukunquma ukungasebenzi kahle kwejeneretha - ibhethri aliyitholi okwamanje edingekayo. Ukuze uhlole ngokunembile ukuthi kwenzekeni, udinga ukubheka idivayisi ngokwayo. I-generator yakhiwe izingxenye ezihlukahlukene futhi eziningi zazo zingahluleka. Okokuqala, ungasusa ibhande ku-pulley bese uvula i-impeller. Uma uzwa imisindo ephazamisayo, ungaqala ukuqaqa isici futhi uthole osebenza ngogesi. Uma i-rotor ingafuni ukujikeleza nhlobo, i-generator ibuye ifanele ukuvuselelwa.. Ibhande ngokwalo lingase libe yimbangela, ngoba ukungezwani kwalo okungalungile kungabangela inani eliphansi lamandla omshini adluliselwa ku-pulley.

I-alternator yezimoto nesimo sebhulashi namaphutha. Kudingeka nini ukumiselela?

Amabhulashi angenye indaba, i.e. isici esivusa amadlingozi. Zenziwe ngekhabhoni futhi ziyaguga ngokuthintana njalo namasongo. Uma okokusebenza kuhlikihliwe kwaze kwaba sezingeni eliphansi, ayikho i-excitation current ezodluliswa ngakho-ke i-alternator ngeke ikhiqize i-current. Bese uvele uvule isibambi sebhulashi, ngokuvamile esiboshwe ngezikulufo ezimbili, bese uhlola isimo samabhulashi. Zidinga nje ukushintshwa uma kunesidingo.

Indlela yokujabulisa i-generator emotweni?

Ezimweni eziningi, i-generator yemoto ine-excitation yangaphandle.. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amabhulashi ekhabhoni kufanele ayinikeze amandla ashukumisayo. Nokho, i-generator self-excited ingatholakala ezimotweni, futhi iPolonez endala enhle iyisibonelo salokhu. Lo mklamo unomsizi olungisayo onesibopho sokuzijabulisa ngokwakho i-alternator. Kunoma isiphi esinye isimo, uma i-alternator inebhuloho le-6-diode rectifier, khona-ke lokhu kuyisici esijabulisayo ngokuhlukile. Indlela yokujabulisa i-generator yemoto? Kufanele wengeze umfutho kukho.