Isebenza kanjani i-automatic transmission

I-automatic transmission ivumela injini yemoto ukuthi isebenze phakathi kwebanga elincane lezivinini, njengokudluliswa kwesandla. Njengoba injini ifinyelela kumazinga aphezulu etorque (i-torque inani lamandla okujikeleza enjini),…

I-automatic transmission ivumela injini yemoto ukuthi isebenze phakathi kwebanga elincane lezivinini, njengokudluliswa kwesandla. Njengoba injini ifinyelela emazingeni aphezulu etorque (i-torque ingamandla enjini ajikelezayo), amagiya aku-transmission avumela injini ukuthi isebenzise ngokugcwele itorque ekhiqizwayo kuyilapho igcina isivinini esifanele.

Kubaluleke kangakanani ukudluliselwa ekusebenzeni kwemoto? Ngaphandle kokudlulisela, izimoto zinegiya elilodwa kuphela, kuthatha ingunaphakade ukufinyelela isivinini esiphezulu, futhi injini iguga ngokushesha ngenxa yama-RPM aphezulu ehlala iwakhiqiza.

Isimiso sokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo

Umgomo wokusebenza komshini ozenzakalelayo usekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwezinzwa ukuze kunqunywe isilinganiso segiya esifanele, okuncike kakhulu esivinini semoto oyifunayo. I-transmission ixhuma enjinini esendaweni yensimbi, lapho isiguquli se-torque siguqula i-torque yenjini ibe amandla okushayela, futhi kwezinye izimo ize ikhulise lawo mandla. I-torque converter ye-transmission ikwenza lokhu ngokudlulisela lawo mandla ku-driveshaft ngegiya leplanethi nama-clutch disc, avumela amasondo emoto ukuthi ajike ukuze ayiqhubekisele phambili, ngamagiya ahlukene adingekayo ngesivinini esihlukile. Kuya ngohlobo nohlobo lwazo, lezi zimoto ezidonsa ngamasondo angemuva, ezidonsa ngaphambili nezidonsa ngawo wonke amasondo.

Uma imoto inegiya elilodwa noma amabili kuphela, ukufinyelela isivinini esikhulu kungaba yinkinga ngoba injini iphenduka nge-RPM ethile kuphela kuye ngegiya. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ama-rev aphansi amagiya aphansi kanjalo nesivinini esiphansi. Uma igiya eliphezulu lingelesibili, bekuzothatha imoto unomphela ukusheshisa ukuze yehlise i-rpm, inyuke kancane kancane njengoba imoto inyusa isivinini. Ukucindezeleka kwenjini nakho kuba yinkinga uma isebenza nge-rpm ephezulu isikhathi eside.

Isebenzisa amagiya athile asebenza ngokuhlanganyela, imoto kancane kancane inyusa ijubane njengoba ishintsha iye phezulu. Uma imoto ishintsha ingena egiyeni eliphezulu, i-rpm iyancipha, okunciphisa umthwalo enjinini. Amagiya ahlukahlukene amelelwa isilinganiso segiya (okuyisilinganiso samagiya kuwo womabili usayizi nenani lamazinyo). Amagiya amancane agijima ngokushesha kunamagiya amakhulu, futhi indawo yegiya ngalinye (kuqala kuya kweyisithupha kwezinye izimo) isebenzisa amagiya ahlukene anosayizi abahlukene nezinombolo zamazinyo ukuze kufinyelele ukusheshisa.

I-cooler yokudlulisa ibalulekile uma uthutha imithwalo esindayo ngoba umthwalo osindayo ubeka ingcindezi eyengeziwe enjinini, okuyenza isebenze ngokushisa futhi ishisa uketshezi lokudlulisela. I-cooler yokudlulisela itholakala ngaphakathi kwe-radiator lapho isusa khona ukushisa oketshezini lokudlulisela. Uketshezi luhamba ngamashubhu endaweni epholile ukuze lupholise kurediyetha ukuze ukudlulisela kuhlale kupholile futhi kukwazi ukuphatha imithwalo ephezulu.

Yenzani isiguquli se-torque

I-torque converter iyaphindaphindeka futhi idlulise i-torque ekhiqizwa injini yemoto futhi iyidlulise ngamagiya ku-transmission kumasondo okushayela ekugcineni kwe-drive shaft. Ezinye iziguquli ze-torque nazo zisebenza njengendlela yokukhiya, exhuma injini nokudlulisa lapho isebenza ngesivinini esifanayo. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ukushelela kokudlulisela okuholela ekulahlekelweni kokusebenza kahle.

Isiguquli se-torque singathatha enye yezinhlobo ezimbili. Eyokuqala, i-fluid coupling, isebenzisa okungenani idrayivu enezicucu ezimbili ukudlulisa i-torque kusuka ekudluliseleni ku-drive shaft, kodwa ayinyusi i-torque. I-hydraulic clutch, esetshenziswa njengenye indawo ye-clutch engumshini, idlulisela i-torque yenjini emasondweni nge-driveshaft. Enye, isiguquli se-torque, isebenzisa okungenani izakhi ezintathu sezizonke, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngaphezulu, ukwandisa ukuphuma kwe-torque kusuka ekudluliseni. Isiguquli sisebenzisa uchungechunge lwama-vanes kanye ne-reactor noma i-stator vanes ukukhulisa i-torque, okuholela emandleni engeziwe. I-stator noma ama-vanes amile asebenzela ukuqondisa kabusha uketshezi oludlulisayo ngaphambi kokuthi lufike epompo, kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwesiguquli.

Ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kwegiya leplanethi

Ukwazi ukuthi izingxenye zikagesi ozishintshayo zisebenza kanjani ndawonye kungakubeka konke ngombono. Uma ubheka ngaphakathi kwe-othomathikhi, ngaphezu kwamabhande ahlukahlukene, amapuleti kanye nephampu yegiya, igiya leplanethi liyingxenye eyinhloko. Leli giya liqukethe igiya lelanga, iplanethi yeplanethi, iplanethi ethwala igiya kanye negiya eliyindandatho. Igiya leplanethi elicishe lilingane ne-cantaloupe lidala izilinganiso zegiya ezihlukahlukene ezidingwa ukudluliselwa ukuze kuzuzwe izivinini ezidingekayo ukuze uye phambili ngenkathi ushayela, kanye nokubandakanya ukuhlehla.

Izinhlobo ezihlukene zamagiya zisebenza ndawonye, ​​zisebenza njengokufakwayo noma okuphumayo kwesilinganiso segiya esithile esidingekayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Kwezinye izimo, amagiya awasebenzi ngesilinganiso esithile futhi ngenxa yalokho ahlala emile, namabhande angaphakathi ku-transmission awabambe aphume endleleni aze adingeke. Olunye uhlobo lwesitimela segiya, igiya leplanethi eyinhlanganisela, luhlanganisa amasethi amabili elanga namagiya eplanethi, nakuba kuyigiya elilodwa kuphela elikhalayo. Inhloso yalolu hlobo lwesitimela segiya ukuhlinzeka ngetorque endaweni encane, noma ukukhulisa amandla emoto ewonke, njengaselolini elithwala kanzima.

Ukufundwa kwamagiya

Ngenkathi injini isasebenza, ugesi usabela kunoma yiliphi igiya umshayeli akulo njengamanje. Epaki noma eNeutral, ukuhanjiswa akuhlanganisi ngoba izimoto aziyidingi itorque uma imoto ingahambi. Izimoto eziningi zinamagiya okushayela ahlukene awusizo uma uya phambili, kusukela egiyeni lokuqala kuye kwelesine.

Izimoto ezisebenza kahle zijwayele ukuba namagiya engeziwe, aze afike kwayisithupha, kuye ngokwakhiwa kanye nemodeli. Lapho igiya liphansi, ijubane liyancipha. Ezinye izimoto, ikakhulukazi amaloli aphakathi nendawo nasindayo, zisebenzisa ukushayela ngokweqile ukusiza ukugcina isivinini esiphezulu futhi zinikeze ukonga okungcono kwamafutha.

Ekugcineni, izimoto zisebenzisa amagiya ahlehlayo ukuze zishayele zihlehle. Kugiya elibuyela emuva, elinye lamagiya amancane lisebenzisana negiya leplanethi elikhulu, kunokuba kube ngokuphambene lapho liya phambili.

Indlela u-gearbox osebenzisa ngayo ama-clutch namabhendi

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-automatic transmission isebenzisa ama-clutch namabhande ukuyisiza ifinyelele emagiyeni ahlukene adingekayo, okuhlanganisa nokushayela ngokweqile. Ama-clutch aqala ukusebenza lapho izingxenye zamagiya eplanethi zixhumene, futhi amabhande asiza ukugcina amagiya emile ukuze angajikijeli kungenasidingo. Amabhendi, ashayelwa ama-hydraulic pistons ngaphakathi kokudluliswa, alungisa izingxenye zesitimela segiya. Amasilinda ama-hydraulic namapiston aphinde asebenze ama-clutch, awaphoqe ukuthi afake amagiya adingekayo esilinganisweni segiya nesivinini.

Ama-clutch discs angaphakathi kwesigubhu se-clutch ku-transmission futhi ashintshana namadiski ensimbi phakathi. Ama-clutch discs ngendlela yama-discs aluma amapuleti ensimbi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-coating ekhethekile. Esikhundleni sokulimaza amapuleti, ama-disc kancane kancane ayawacindezela, kancane kancane esebenzisa amandla abese edluliselwa emasondweni emoto.

Ama-clutch discs namapuleti ensimbi ayindawo evamile lapho ukushelela kwenzeka khona. Ekugcineni, lokhu kushelela kubangela ama-chips ensimbi ukuthi angene kukho konke ukudlulisela futhi ekugcineni kubangele ukudluliselwa kwehluleke. Umakhenikha uzohlola ukuhanjiswa uma imoto inenkinga ngokushelela.

Amaphampu we-hydraulic, ama-valve kanye nesilawuli

Kodwa amandla "angempela" avela kuphi ekudluliseni okuzenzakalelayo? Amandla angempela atholakala kuma-hydraulics akhelwe endlini yokudlulisela, kuhlanganise nepompo, ama-valve ahlukahlukene kanye nomlawuli. Iphampu idonsa uketshezi oludluliswayo ku-sump etholakala ezansi kokudlulisela bese iluletha kusistimu ye-hydraulic ukuze isebenze ama-clutch namabhande aqukethwe lapho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igiya langaphakathi lepompo lixhunywe ku-casing yangaphandle yesiguquli se-torque. Lokhu kuyenza ikwazi ukuphenduka ngesivinini esifana nesenjini yemoto. Igiya langaphandle lephampu lizungeza ngokuhambisana negiya langaphakathi, livumela iphampu ukuthi idonse uketshezi kusuka ku-sump ngakolunye uhlangothi bese iluphakela ohlelweni lwe-hydraulic ngakolunye uhlangothi.

Umbusi ulungisa ugesi ngokuyitshela isivinini semoto. I-regulator, equkethe i-valve elayishwe entwasahlobo, ivula kakhulu lapho imoto ihamba ngokushesha. Lokhu kuvumela ama-hydraulics okudlulisela ukuthi adlulise uketshezi oluningi ngesivinini esiphezulu. I-automatic transmission isebenzisa eyodwa yezinhlobo ezimbili zamadivaysi, ivalvu eshintshwayo noma imodulator yomshini wokukhipha umoya, ukuze kutholwe ukuthi injini isebenza kanzima kangakanani, ukwandisa umfutho njengoba kudingeka futhi kucishwe amagiya athile kuye ngesilinganiso esisetshenziswayo.

Ngokulungiswa okufanele kokudluliselwa, abanikazi bezimoto bangalindela ukuthi ihlale impilo yonke yemoto. Isistimu eqinile kakhulu, umshini ozishintshayo usebenzisa izingxenye eziningi ezihlukene, okuhlanganisa isiguquli se-torque, amagiya eplanethi, nesigubhu se-clutch, ukunikeza amandla emasondweni okushayela imoto, ukuyigcina ijubane oyifunayo.

Uma unezinkinga ngokudluliswa kwemishini okuzenzakalelayo, yiba nosizo lukamakhenikha ekugcineni izinga loketshezi, ahlole umonakalo, futhi alulungise noma alushintshe uma kunesidingo.

Izinkinga Ezivamile kanye Nezimpawu Zezinkinga Zokudlulisa Okuzenzakalelayo

Ezinye zezinkinga ezivame kakhulu ezihlobene nokudluliswa okungalungile zifaka:

• Ukungaphenduli noma ukungabaza lapho ushintsha egiyeni. Lokhu kuvame ukukhombisa ukushelela ngaphakathi ku-gearbox.
• U-gearbox wenza imisindo ehlukahlukene engavamile, ama-clanks kanye nama-hums. Cela umakhenikha ahlole imoto yakho uma yenza le misindo ukuze abone ukuthi inkinga ikuphi.
• Ukuvuza okuwuketshezi kubonisa inkinga enkulu futhi umakhenikha kufanele alungise inkinga ngokushesha okukhulu. Uketshezi oludluliswayo alushi njengowoyela wenjini. Ukuhlola izinga loketshezi njalo umakhenikha kungasiza ekuxazululeni inkinga engaba khona ngaphambi kokuthi yenzeke.
• Iphunga elivuthayo, ikakhulukazi endaweni yokudlulisela, lingabonisa izinga loketshezi eliphansi kakhulu. Uketshezi oludluliswayo luvikela amagiya nezingxenye zokudlulisela ekushiseni ngokweqile.
• Isibani se-Check Engine singase futhi sikhombise inkinga nge-automatic transmission. Yenza umakhenikha enze ukuhlola ukuze uthole inkinga ngqo.