Ungahlola kanjani i-generator ukusebenza usebenzisa i-multimeter nezinye izindlela
Okuqukethwe
Inethiwekhi yemoto engaphakathi kwebhodi ihlanganisa umthombo wamandla, abathengi kanye nedivayisi yokugcina. Amandla adingekayo athathwa ku-crankshaft ngokusebenzisa ibhande lokushayela ku-generator. Ibhethri yokugcina (ACB) igcina i-voltage kunethiwekhi lapho kungekho okukhiphayo okuvela kujeneretha noma inganele ukunika amandla abathengi.
Ukuze usebenze okuvamile, kuyadingeka ukugcwalisa inkokhelo elahlekile, engavinjelwa ukungasebenzi kahle ku-generator, isilawuli, ukushintsha noma izintambo.
Uhlelo lokuxhuma ibhethri nejeneretha nesiqalisi
Isistimu ilula kakhulu, imele inethiwekhi ye-DC ene-voltage ye-voltage engu-12 volts, nakuba ngesikhathi sokusebenza isekelwa kancane kancane, cishe ama-volts angu-14, okudingekayo ukushaja ibhethri.
Isakhiwo sihlanganisa:
- i-alternator, ngokuvamile i-dynamo yezigaba ezintathu ene-rectifier eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, i-relay-regulator, i-excitation windings ku-rotor kanye nama-windings amandla ku-stator;
- ibhethri yohlobo lwe-lead-acid starter, ehlanganisa amaseli ayisithupha axhunywe ochungechungeni olunoketshezi, i-gley noma i-electrolyte efaka isakhiwo esinezimbotshana;
- amandla nokulawula izintambo, amabhokisi e-relay kanye ne-fuse, isibani somshayeli kanye ne-voltmeter, ngezinye izikhathi i-ammeter.
Ijeneretha nebhethri kuxhunywe kumjikelezo wokuphakelwa kwamandla. Ukushaja kulawulwa ngokuzinzisa i-voltage kunethiwekhi ezingeni lika-14-14,5 Volts, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhethri lishajwa kabusha cishe lifinyelele phezulu, kulandelwa ukunqanyulwa kwamandla amanje wokushaja ngenxa yokukhula kwe-EMF yangaphakathi ye-EMF. ibhethri njengoba amandla enqwabelana.
I-stabilizer kumajeneretha esimanje akhiwe ekwakhiweni kwawo futhi ngokuvamile ahlanganiswe nomhlangano webhulashi. Isifunda esihlanganisiwe esakhelwe ngaphakathi sikala ngokuqhubekayo i-voltage kunethiwekhi futhi, kuye ngezinga layo, yandisa noma yehlisa i-generator excitation current ngokusebenzisa i-rotor winding kumodi yokhiye.
Ukuxhumana nokuvunguza kwenzeka ngokuxhumeka okujikelezayo ngendlela ye-lamellar noma umqoqi wendandatho namabhulashi ensimbi-graphite.
I-rotor ejikelezayo idala inkambu kazibuthe eshintshanayo engenisa amandla kuma-windings e-stator. Lawa amakhoyili anamandla, ahlukaniswe nge-engeli yokujikeleza abe izigaba ezintathu. Ngamunye wabo usebenza ehlombe lakhe lebhuloho le-diode rectifier ohlelweni lwezigaba ezintathu.
Ngokuvamile, ibhuloho liqukethe amapheya amathathu e-silicon diode kanye nezilawuli ezintathu ezengeziwe zamandla aphansi ukuze kunikezwe amandla, futhi zilinganisa i-voltage ephumayo yokulawula i-inthanethi ye-excitation current.
I-ripple encane ye-voltage yezigaba ezintathu elungisiwe yenziwa bushelelezi yibhethri, ngakho-ke i-current kunethiwekhi icishe ibe njalo futhi ifanele ukunika amandla noma yimuphi umthengi.
Ungathola kanjani ukuthi ishaja isuka ku-alternator iye ebhethrini
Ukukhombisa ukungabikho kokushaja, ukukhanya okubomvu okuhambisanayo kudeshibhodi kuhloswe. Kodwa akahlali enikeza ulwazi ngesikhathi, kungase kube nezimo zokwehluleka ingxenye. I-voltmeter izokwethula isimo ngokunembe kakhudlwana.
Kwesinye isikhathi le divayisi itholakala njengemishini ejwayelekile yemoto. Kodwa ungasebenzisa i-multimeter. I-voltage kunethiwekhi esebhodini, efiselekayo ukukala ngokuqondile kumatheminali amabhethri, kufanele okungenani ibe ngamavolthi angu-14 injini isebenza.
Ingase yehluke kancane ibheke phansi uma ibhethri ishajwe kancane futhi ithatha amandla amakhulu okushaja. Amandla e-generator anomkhawulo futhi i-voltage izokwehla.
Ngokushesha ngemva kokuba isiqalisi sisebenze, i-EMF yebhethri iyehla, bese ilulama kancane kancane. Ukufakwa kwabathengi abanamandla kunciphisa ukugcwaliswa kabusha kwenkokhiso. Ukwengeza amajika kukhulisa izinga kunethiwekhi.
Uma i-voltage yehla futhi ingakhuli, i-generator ayisebenzi, ibhethri izophuma kancane kancane, injini izomisa futhi ngeke kwenzeke ukuyiqala nge-starter.
Ihlola ingxenye yemishini yejeneretha
Ngolwazi oluthile namakhono, i-generator ingabuyiselwa ngokuzimela. Ngezinye izikhathi ngaphandle kokuyikhipha emotweni, kodwa kungcono ukuyihlehlisa futhi uyihlukanise kancane.
Ubunzima bungavela kuphela ngokukhulula i-pulley nut. Uzodinga isikrufu somthelela noma i-vise enkulu ene-padded. Lapho usebenza nge-nati, kungenzeka ukumisa i-rotor kuphela nge-pulley, ezinye izingxenye zizokhubazeka.
Ukuhlola okubonakalayo
Ezingxenyeni ze-generator akufanele kube nezimpawu zokuvutha, ukuguqulwa kwezingxenye zepulasitiki nezinye izimpawu zokushisa okukhulu.
Ubude bamabhulashi buqinisekisa ukuthintana kwabo okuqinile nomqoqi, futhi kufanele bahambe ngaphansi kwesenzo sokugoqa iziphethu ngaphandle kwe-jamming kanye ne-wedging.
Akukho mikhondo ye-oxidation ezintanjeni nasematheminali, zonke izibophelelo ziqiniswe ngokuphephile. I-rotor ijikeleza ngaphandle komsindo, i-backlash kanye ne-jamming.
Amabhere (bushings)
Ama-rotor bearings alayishwe kakhulu ibhande lokushayela elicindezelekile. Lokhu kubhebhezelwa isivinini esikhulu sokuzungeza, esicishe siphindwe kabili kunesika-crankshaft.
Iminyaka yokugcoba, amabhola kanye namakheji angaphansi komgodi - ukukhathala kwensimbi. I-bearing iqala ukwenza umsindo nokudlidliza, okubonakala ngokucacile lapho i-pulley ijikeleziswa ngesandla. Izingxenye ezinjalo kufanele zishintshwe ngokushesha.
Ukuhlola ingxenye kagesi yejeneretha nge-multimeter
Okuningi kungatholakala ngokusebenzisa i-generator nge-voltmeter, i-ammeter kanye nemithwalo esitendini, kodwa ezimweni ze-amateur lokhu akunangqondo. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuhlolwa okumile nge-ohmmeter, okuyingxenye ye-multimeter engabizi, kwanele.
Ibhuloho le-Diode (isilungisi)
Amabhuloho ama-diode angamasango e-silicon ahambisa okwamanje eya phambili futhi ayakhiywa lapho i-polarity ihlehliswa.
Okungukuthi, i-ohmmeter endaweni eyodwa izobonisa inani le-oda lika-0,6-0,8 kOhm kanye nekhefu, okungukuthi, okungapheli, ngokuphambene. Kufanele kuqinisekiswe kuphela ukuthi ingxenye eyodwa ayivinjwa enye etholakala endaweni efanayo.
Njengomthetho, ama-diode awanikezwa ngokuhlukana futhi awanakushintshwa. Wonke umhlangano webhuloho ungathengwa, futhi lokhu kuyafaneleka, njengoba izingxenye ezishiswe ngokweqile zilulaza imingcele yazo futhi zinokukhipha ukushisa okungekuhle epuleti lokupholisa. Lapha ukuthintana kukagesi kuphukile.
Rotor
I-rotor ihlolwe ukumelana (ngokukhala). I-winding inesilinganiso sama-ohms amaningana, ngokuvamile 3-4. Akufanele kube nezifunda ezimfushane ecaleni, okungukuthi, i-ohmmeter izobonisa okungapheli.
Kukhona ithuba lokujika kwe-short-circuited, kodwa lokhu akukwazi ukuhlolwa nge-multimeter.
IStator
I-stator windings ikhala ngendlela efanayo, lapha ukumelana kuphansi nakakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ungaqiniseka kuphela ukuthi awekho amakhefu kanye nezifunda ezimfushane ecaleni, ngokuvamile lokhu kwanele, kodwa hhayi njalo.
Amacala ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu adinga ukuhlolwa endaweni yesitendi noma ngokufaka ingxenye eyaziwayo ukuthi iyinhle. 
Isilawuli se-voltage yokushaja ibhethri
I-ohmmeter ayisizi ngalutho lapha, kodwa ungakwazi ukuhlanganisa isifunda kusuka kugesi oguquguqukayo, i-multimeter voltmeter kanye nesibani sokukhanya.
Isibani esixhunywe kumabhulashi kufanele sikhanyise lapho i-voltage yokunikezela ku-chip yesilawuli yehla ngaphansi kwama-volts ayi-14 futhi iphume ngokweqile, okungukuthi, shintsha ukusonga okujabulisayo lapho inani lomkhawulo liwela.
Amabhulashi kanye namasongo okushelela
Amabhulashi alawulwa ingxenye esele yobude nenkululeko yokuhamba. Ngobude obufushane, kunoma yikuphi, kufanele kushintshwe ezintsha kanye nesilawuli-relay esibalulekile, lokhu akubizi, futhi izingxenye ezisele ziyatholakala.
I-rotor manifold akumele ibe nezimpawu zokusha noma ukuguga okujulile. Ukungcola okuncane kususwa nge-sandpaper, futhi ngokuthuthuka okujulile, umqoqi angashintshwa ezimweni eziningi.
Ukuba khona kokuthintana kwamasongo nge-winding kuhlolwa ngama-ohmmeters, njengoba kuboniswe ekuhlolweni kwe-rotor. Uma izindandatho ze-slip zinganikeziwe, khona-ke umhlangano we-rotor uyashintshwa.
