Indlela yokuhlola izinzwa zomfutho wesondo

Hlola izinzwa zomfutho wesondo akunakwenzeka kuphela enkonzweni ngosizo lwamadivayisi akhethekile (ithuluzi lokuxilonga le-TPMS), ngaphandle kokuwadiliza esondweni, kodwa futhi ngokuzimela ekhaya noma egaraji, kuphela uma isusiwe kudiski. Isheke lenziwa ngokohlelo (kusetshenziswa izinto zikagesi ezikhethekile) noma ngomshini.

Idivayisi yenzwa yokucindezela kwesondo

Isistimu yokuqapha umfutho wesondo (ngesiNgisi - TPMS - Tire Pressure Monitoring System) iqukethe izingxenye ezimbili eziyisisekelo. Eyokuqala yizinzwa zomfutho ezitholakala emasondweni. Kusuka kubo, isignali yomsakazo idluliselwa kudivayisi eyamukelayo etholakala endaweni yabagibeli. Idivayisi eyamukelayo, isebenzisa isofthiwe etholakalayo, ibonisa ingcindezi esikrinini futhi ukuncipha kwayo noma ukungqubuzana nesethi izokhanyisa isibani sokuqapha ingcindezi yesondo.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinzwa - mechanical and electronic. Eyokuqala ifakwe esikhundleni se-spool esondweni. Zishibhile, kodwa hhayi njengokwethenjelwa futhi zihluleka ngokushesha, ngakho azivamile ukusetshenziswa. Kodwa ama-elekthronikhi akhiwe esondweni, athembeke kakhulu. Ngenxa yendawo yazo yangaphakathi, avikeleke kangcono futhi anembe. Mayelana nabo futhi kuzoxoxwa ngakho ngokuqhubekayo. Inzwa yomfutho wesondo kagesi ngokwesakhiwo iqukethe izinto ezilandelayo:

• isici sokulinganisa ingcindezi (i-pressure gauge) etholakala ngaphakathi kwesondo (isondo);
• i-microchip, umsebenzi wawo ukuguqula isignali ye-analog isuka kugeji yokucindezela ibe yi-electronic;
• isici samandla enzwa (ibhethri);
• i-accelerometer, umsebenzi wayo ukukala umehluko phakathi kokusheshisa kwangempela nokunamandla adonsela phansi (lokhu kuyadingeka ukulungisa ukufundwa kwengcindezi kuye ngokuthi isivinini se-angular yesondo elijikelezayo);
• i-antenna (ezinzwa eziningi, isivalo sensimbi sengono sisebenza njengothi).

Iliphi ibhethri elisenzwa ye-TPMS

Izinzwa zinebhethri elingasebenza ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi isikhathi eside. Ngokuvamile lawa amaseli e-lithium ane-voltage engu-3 volts. Izakhi ze-CR2450 zifakwe kuzinzwa ezingaphakathi kwesondo, futhi i-CR2032 noma i-CR1632 ifakwe kuzinzwa ezifakwe ku-spool. Zishibhile futhi zithembekile. Isilinganiso sempilo yebhethri yiminyaka emi-5…7.

Iyini imvamisa yesignali yezinzwa zokucindezela isondo

Izinzwa zokucindezela kwesondo ezidizayinelwe ukufakwa YaseYurophu и Owase-Asia izimoto zisebenza kumaza omsakazo alingana ne 433 MHz kanye 434 MHz, nezinzwa eziklanyelwe American imishini - ivuliwe 315 MHz, lokhu kusungulwa ngamazinga afanele. Nokho, inzwa ngayinye inekhodi yayo ehlukile. Ngakho-ke, izinzwa zemoto eyodwa azikwazi ukudlulisa isignali kwenye imoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idivayisi eyamukelayo "ibona" ​​lapho inzwa, okungukuthi, isondo elithile isignali ivela.

Isikhathi sokudlulisela sincike ohlelweni oluthile. ngokuvamile, lesi sikhawu siyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi imoto ihamba ngesivinini esingakanani nokuthi inomfutho ongakanani esondweni ngalinye. Ngokuvamile isikhathi eside kakhulu lapho ushayela kancane sizoba yimizuzwana engama-60, futhi njengoba ijubane likhula, lingafinyelela ku-3 ... 5 imizuzwana.

Umgomo wokusebenza kwenzwa yokucindezela isondo

Izinhlelo zokuqapha ingcindezi yethayi zisebenza ngesisekelo sezinkomba eziqondile nezingaqondile. Izinzwa zikala amapharamitha athile. Ngakho-ke, ezimpawu ezingaqondile zokwehla kwengcindezi esondweni ukwanda kwesivinini se-angular sokujikeleza kwesondo eliphantshile. Eqinisweni, lapho umfutho kuyo wehla, yehla ngobubanzi, ngakho iphenduka ngokushesha kunelinye isondo ku-ekseli efanayo. Kulokhu, ijubane livame ukulungiswa yizinzwa zohlelo lwe-ABS. Kulokhu, i-ABS kanye nezinhlelo zokuqapha ingcindezi yamathayi zivame ukuhlanganiswa.

Olunye uphawu olungaqondile lwesondo eliphantshile ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa lomoya walo kanye nenjoloba. Lokhu kungenxa yokwanda kokuxhumana kwesondo nomgwaqo. Izinga lokushisa lirekhodwa izinzwa zokushisa. Izinzwa eziningi zesimanje zikala ngasikhathi sinye kokubili ukucindezela kwesondo nezinga lokushisa lomoya okulo. Izinzwa zokucindezela zinebanga elibanzi lokusebenza kwezinga lokushisa. Ngokwesilinganiso, isukela -40 kuya +125 degrees Celsius.

Hhayi-ke, amasistimu okulawula okuqondile ayisilinganiso esivamile somfutho womoya emasondweni. Ngokuvamile, izinzwa ezinjalo zisekelwe ekusebenzeni kwezakhi ze-piezoelectric ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, okungukuthi, empeleni, ama-gauge wokucindezela kagesi.

Ukuqaliswa kwezinzwa kuncike kupharamitha ezikalayo. Izinzwa zokucindezela ngokuvamile zinqunywa kusetshenziswa isofthiwe eyengeziwe. Izinzwa zokushisa ziqala ukusebenza ngokunyuka okuphawulekayo noma ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa, lapho lidlula imingcele evumelekile. Futhi uhlelo lwe-ABS ngokuvamile lunesibopho sokulawula isivinini sokujikeleza, ngakho lezi zinzwa ziqaliswa ngayo.

Izimpawu ezivela kunzwa azihambi njalo, kodwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ezinhlelweni eziningi ze-TPMS, isikhawu sesikhathi siku-60, noma kunjalo, kwezinye izinhlelo, njengoba ijubane likhuphuka, imvamisa yesiginali, kufika ku-2 ... imizuzwana emi-3, nayo iba kaningi.

Kusukela ku-antenna yokudlulisa yenzwa ngayinye, isignali yomsakazo wefrikhwensi ethile iya kudivayisi eyamukelayo. Eyokugcina ingafakwa endaweni yabagibeli noma egunjini lenjini. Uma amapharamitha okusebenza esondweni edlula imikhawulo evumelekile, isistimu ithumela i-alamu kudeshibhodi noma kuyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi.

Ubhalisa kanjani (ukubopha) izinzwa

Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyisisekelo zokubopha inzwa engxenyeni yesistimu eyamukelayo.

Izindlela eziyisikhombisa zokuxhumanisa izinzwa zomfutho wesondo

• Okuzenzakalelayo. Kulezi zinhlelo, idivayisi eyamukelayo ngemva kokugijima okuthile (isibonelo, amakhilomitha angu-50) ngokwayo "ibona" ​​izinzwa futhi ibhalise kwimemori yayo.
• Umile. Kuncike ngokuqondile kumkhiqizi othize futhi kukhonjiswe emiyalweni. Ukuze unqume, udinga ukucindezela izinkinobho ezilandelanayo noma ezinye izenzo.
• Ukubopha kwenziwa kusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile.

futhi, izinzwa eziningi zibangelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngemva kokuba imoto iqale ukushayela. kubakhiqizi abahlukene, isivinini esihambisanayo singahluka, kodwa ngokuvamile singu-10 .... amakhilomitha angu-20 ngehora.

Impilo yesevisi yezinzwa zomfutho wesondo

Impilo yesevisi yenzwa incike kumapharamitha amaningi. Okokuqala, izinga labo. Izinzwa zangempela “ziphila” cishe iminyaka emi-5…7. Ngemva kwalokho, ibhethri labo ngokuvamile liyakhishwa. Kodwa-ke, izinzwa eziningi ezishibhile zomhlaba wonke zisebenza kancane kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, impilo yabo yesevisi iyiminyaka emibili. Kungenzeka ukuthi basenamabhethri, kodwa amacala abo ayabhidlika futhi aqala "ukwehluleka". Ngokwemvelo, uma noma iyiphi inzwa yonakaliswa ngomshini, impilo yayo yesevisi ingancishiswa kakhulu.

ukwehluleka kwezinzwa zokucindezela kwesondo

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umkhiqizi ungubani, ezimweni eziningi, ukwehluleka kwezinzwa kujwayelekile. okungukuthi, ukwehluleka okulandelayo kwenzwa yokucindezela kwesondo kungase kwenzeke:

• Ukuhluleka kwebhethri. Lesi esinye sezizathu ezivame kakhulu zokuthi kungani inzwa yokucindezela isondo lemoto ingasebenzi. Ibhethri ingamane ilahlekelwe ukushajwa kwayo (ikakhulukazi uma inzwa isivele indala).
• Ukulimala kwe-antenna. Ngokuvamile, i-antenna yenzwa yokucindezela kuba ikepisi lensimbi engonweni yesondo. Uma i-cap yonakaliswa ngomshini, khona-ke isignali evela kuyo ingase ingafiki nhlobo, noma ingase ifike ngendlela engalungile.

• Chofoza inzwa yokuqanjwa kwezobuchwepheshe. Ukusebenza kwenzwa yokucindezela isondo lemoto kuncike ekuhlanzekeni kwayo. okungukuthi, ungavumeli amakhemikhali avela emgwaqeni noma ukungcola nje, i-conditioner yesondo noma ezinye izindlela eziklanyelwe ukuvikela amathayi ukuze uthole izindlu zenzwa.
• Ukulimala kwezinzwa. Umzimba wayo kufanele ujikelwe esiqwini se-valve yengono. Inzwa ye-TPMS ingonakala ngenxa yengozi, ukukhanda amasondo okungaphumelelanga, imoto eshayisa isithiyo esibucayi, kahle, noma ngenxa nje yokufakwa / ukudilizwa okungaphumelelanga. Lapho uqaqa isondo esitolo samasondo, hlala uxwayisa abasebenzi ngokuba khona kwezinzwa!
• Ukunamathisela ikepisi emculweni. Amanye ama-transducer asebenzisa ikepisi yangaphandle yepulasitiki kuphela. Anama-radio transmitters ngaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, ama-caps ensimbi awakwazi ukucwiliswa kuwo, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi azomane anamathele ku-tube yezinzwa ngaphansi kwethonya lomswakama namakhemikhali futhi ngeke kwenzeke ukuwakhulula. Kulokhu, bavele banqunywe futhi, empeleni, inzwa ihluleka.
• Ukucindezeleka kwengono yezinzwa. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho kufakwa izinzwa uma iwasha inayiloni evalayo ingafakwanga phakathi kwengono nebhande lerabha elingaphakathi, noma esikhundleni sewasha yensimbi esikhundleni sewasha inayiloni. Njengomphumela wokufakwa okungalungile, i-air etching unomphela ivela. Futhi esimweni sokugcina, kungenzeka futhi ukuthi i-puck inamathele engonweni. Khona-ke kufanele usike i-nati, ushintshe ukulinganisa.

Indlela yokuhlola izinzwa zomfutho wesondo

Ukuhlola inzwa yomfutho wesondo kuqala ngesheke elinegeji yokucindezela. Uma i-gauge yokucindezela ibonisa ukuthi ingcindezi ethayini ihlukile kune-nominal, yipompa phezulu. Lapho inzwa isaziphatha ngendlela engafanele ngemva kwalokho noma iphutha lingasuki, ungasebenzisa uhlelo noma idivayisi ekhethekile, bese uyiqaqa futhi wenze ukuhlola okwengeziwe.

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ngaphambi kokukhipha inzwa esondweni, umoya kufanele ukhululwe ethayini. Futhi udinga ukwenza lokhu ngesondo elithunyelwe. Okusho ukuthi, ezimweni zegaraji, ngosizo lwe-jack, udinga ukulenga amasondo ngokushintshana.

Ungayibona kanjani inzwa yomfutho wesondo engalungile

Okokuqala, udinga ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezinzwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuqala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi futhi ubone ukuthi ukukhanya okuxwayisa ngomfutho wesondo kudeshibhodi kuvuliwe noma kuvaliwe yini. Kwezinye izimoto, i-ECU inesibopho salokhu. Isexwayiso sizophinde sivele kuphaneli esibonisa inzwa ethile ekhombisa ukucindezela okungalungile noma ukungabikho ngokuphelele kwesignali. Nokho, akuzona zonke izimoto ezinelambu elibonisa izinkinga ngenzwa yokucindezela isondo. Kwabaningi, ulwazi olufanele lunikezwa ngokuqondile kuyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi, bese kuvela iphutha. Futhi kuphela emva kwalokho kufanelekile ukwenza isheke lesoftware yezinzwa.

Kubashayeli bezimoto abajwayelekile, kunendlela elula yokuhlola umfutho wesondo ngaphandle kwegeji yokucindezela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukusebenzisa idivayisi yokuskena i-ELM 327 inguqulo 1,5 nangaphezulu. I-algorithm yokuqinisekisa imi kanje:

Isithombe-skrini sohlelo lwe-HobDrive. Ngingayithola kanjani inzwa yesondo engalungile

• udinga ukulanda futhi ufake inguqulo yamahhala yohlelo lwe-HobDrive kugajethi yeselula ukuze usebenze ngemoto ethile.
• Usebenzisa uhlelo, udinga “ukuxhumana” nethuluzi lokuxilonga.
• Iya kuzilungiselelo zohlelo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, qala ngokuvula umsebenzi othi "Izikrini", bese uthi "Izilungiselelo".
• Kule menyu, udinga ukukhetha umsebenzi othi "Amapharamitha wemoto". okulandelayo - "Izilungiselelo ze-ECU".
• Emgqeni wohlobo lwe-ECU, udinga ukukhetha imodeli yemoto kanye nenguqulo yesofthiwe yayo, bese uchofoza inkinobho ethi KULUNGILE, ngaleyo ndlela ulondoloze izilungiselelo ezikhethiwe.
• Okulandelayo, udinga ukusetha imingcele yezinzwa zamasondo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, iya ku-"TPMS parameters" umsebenzi.
• Bese kuthi “Uhlobo” kanye nokuthi “I-TPMS engekho noma eyakhelwe ngaphakathi”. Lokhu kuzosetha uhlelo.
• ke, ukuze uhlole amathayi, udinga ukubuyela kumenyu ethi "Izikrini" bese ucindezela inkinobho ethi "Ingcindezi yeTire".
• Ulwazi luzovela esikrinini ngesimo sesithombe mayelana nokucindezela kwesondo elithile lemoto, kanye nezinga lokushisa elikulo.
• futhi kumsebenzi othi "Izikrini", ungabuka ulwazi mayelana nenzwa ngayinye, okungukuthi, i-ID yayo.
• Uma uhlelo lunganikezi ulwazi mayelana nenzwa ethile, khona-ke lena "icala" lephutha.

Ezimotweni ezikhiqizwa i-VAG ngenjongo efanayo, ungasebenzisa uhlelo lwe-Vasya Diagnostic (VagCom). I-algorithm yokuqinisekisa yenziwa kanje:

• Inzwa eyodwa kufanele ishiywe esondweni eliyisipele futhi ibekwe esiqwini. Okubili okungaphambili kufanele kubekwe ekhabetheni eduze kweminyango yomshayeli neyomgibeli, ngokulandelana. Izinzwa zangemuva zidinga ukubekwa emagumbini ahlukene e-trunk, kwesokudla nakwesokunxele, eduze namasondo.
• Ukuze uhlole isimo samabhethri, udinga ukuqala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi noma umane uvule ukuthungela kwenjini. khona-ke udinga ukuya kunombolo yesilawuli 65 kusukela kweyokuqala kuya eqenjini le-16. Kunamaqembu amathathu inzwa ngayinye. Uma konke kuhamba kahle, uhlelo luzokhombisa umfutho onguziro, izinga lokushisa kanye nesimo sebhethri lenzwa.
• Ungahlola ngendlela efanayo ukuthi izinzwa zisabela kahle kanjani ekushiseni. Isibonelo, ukuwabeka ngokushintshana ngaphansi kwe-deflector efudumele, noma esiqwini esibandayo.
• Ukuze uhlole isimo samabhethri, udinga ukuya enombolweni yesilawuli efanayo engu-65, okungukuthi, amaqembu 002, 005, 008, 011, 014. Lapho, ulwazi lubonisa ukuthi ibhethri ngalinye okuthiwa lishiye lingakanani ukusebenza ngezinyanga. Ngokuqhathanisa lolu lwazi nezinga lokushisa elinikeziwe, ungenza isinqumo esingcono kakhulu sokushintsha inzwa eyodwa noma enye noma ibhethri nje.

Ihlola ibhethri

Kunzwa ekhishiwe, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuhlola ibhethri layo (ibhethri). Ngokwezibalo, kungenxa yale nkinga lapho inzwa evame ukuyeka ukusebenza. Ngokuvamile, ibhethri lakhelwe emzimbeni wenzwa futhi livalwa ngekhava evikelayo. Kodwa-ke, kunezinzwa ezinecala elivalwe ngokuphelele, okungukuthi, lapho ukushintshwa kwebhethri kunganikezwa. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi izinzwa ezinjalo zidinga ukushintshwa ngokuphelele. Ngokuvamile, izinzwa zaseYurophu nezaseMelika azihlukaniseki, kuyilapho izinzwa zaseKorea naseJapane zigoqeka, okungukuthi, zingashintsha ibhethri.

Ngakho-ke, uma icala ligoqeka, ngakho-ke, kuye ngokuthi i-sensor yaklama kanjani, kufanele ihlakazwe futhi ibhethri lisuswe. Ngemuva kwalokho, faka esikhundleni esisha, bese uhlola ukusebenza kwenzwa yokucindezela isondo. Uma ingagoqeki, kuzodingeka ukuthi uyishintshe, noma uvule ikesi bese ukhipha ibhethri, bese unamathisela ikesi futhi.

Amabhethri ayisicaba "amaphilisi" ane-voltage ye-3 volts. Kodwa-ke, amabhethri amasha ngokuvamile akhipha i-voltage engaba ngu-3,3 volts, futhi njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, inzwa yokucindezela "ingahluleka" lapho ibhethri ikhishwa ku-2,9 volts.

Ihambisana nezinzwa ezigibela isici esisodwa cishe iminyaka emihlanu nangaphezulu, kufika ku-7 ... iminyaka eyi-10. Uma ufaka inzwa entsha, ngokuvamile idinga ukuqaliswa. Lokhu kwenziwa nge-software, kuye ngohlelo oluthile.

Ukuhlola okubonakalayo

Uma uhlola, qiniseka ukuthi ubheka inzwa ngokubukeka. okungukuthi, ukuhlola ukuthi umzimba wayo uchotshoziwe yini, uqhekekile, ukuthi kukhona yini isitho esiphukile. Kufanele kuqashelwe ngokukhethekile ubuqotho bekepisi engonweni, njengoba, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, emiklamo eminingi isebenza njenge-antenna yokudlulisela. Uma i-cap yonakalisiwe, kufanele ishintshwe kufakwe entsha. Uma indlu yezinzwa yonakalisiwe, amathuba okubuyisela ukusebenza mancane kakhulu.

Ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi

Izinzwa ze-TPMS zingabuye zihlolwe kusetshenziswa amathuluzi aklanywe ngokukhethekile. okungukuthi, kunamagumbi okucindezelwa kwensimbi akhethekile ezitolo zamathaya, avalwe kahle. Aqukethe izinzwa ezihloliwe. Futhi eceleni kwebhokisi kunepayipi lerabha elinengono yokumpompa umoya kumthamo wayo.

Umklamo ofanayo ungakhiwa ngokuzimela. Isibonelo, kusuka engilazini noma ibhodlela lepulasitiki elinesivalo esivalwe nge-hermetically. Bese ufaka inzwa kuyo, bese unamathisela ipayipi elivalwe ngendlela efanayo ngengono. Kodwa-ke, inkinga lapha ukuthi, okokuqala, le nzwa kufanele idlulisele isignali kumqapha. Uma kungekho qapha, isheke elinjalo alinakwenzeka. Futhi okwesibili, udinga ukwazi imingcele yezobuchwepheshe yenzwa kanye nezici zokusebenza kwayo.

Ukuqinisekisa ngezindlela ezikhethekile

Izinsizakalo ezikhethekile zivame ukuba nehadiwe ekhethekile nesoftware yokuhlola izinzwa zomfutho wesondo. Enye edume kakhulu izikena zokuxilonga zokuhlola izinzwa zokucindezela nengcindezi ezivela ku-Autel. Isibonelo, enye yamamodeli alula i-Autel TS408 TPMS. Ngayo, ungavula futhi uhlole cishe noma iyiphi inzwa yokucindezela. okungukuthi, impilo yayo, isimo sebhethri, izinga lokushisa, izilungiselelo zokushintsha kanye nezilungiselelo zesofthiwe.

Kodwa-ke, ukungalungi kwamadivayisi anjalo kusobala - intengo yabo ephezulu. Isibonelo, imodeli eyisisekelo yale divayisi, kusukela ngentwasahlobo ka-2020, icishe ibe ngama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-25.

Ukulungiswa kwenzwa yomfutho wesondo

Izinyathelo zokulungisa zizoncika kuzizathu zokuthi kungani inzwa yehlulekile. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokuzilungisa ukushintshwa kwebhethri. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, izinzwa eziningi zinezindlu ezingenakuhlukaniswa, ngakho-ke kuyaqondakala ukuthi ibhethri ayikwazi ukushintshwa kuzo.

Uma indlu yezinzwa ingenakuhlukaniswa, khona-ke ingavulwa ngezindlela ezimbili esikhundleni sebhethri. Okokuqala ukusika, okwesibili ukuncibilika, isibonelo, ngensimbi ye-soldering. Ungayisika nge-hacksaw, i-jigsaw yesandla, ummese onamandla noma izinto ezifanayo. Kudingekile ukusebenzisa i-soldering iron ukuze uncibilikise ipulasitiki yezindlu ngokucophelela, ikakhulukazi uma indlu yezinzwa incane. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-soldering iron encane futhi ebuthakathaka. Ukushintsha ibhethri ngokwayo akunzima. Into eyinhloko ayikona ukudida uphawu lwebhethri kanye ne-polarity. Ngemva kokufaka ibhethri, ungakhohlwa ukuthi inzwa kufanele iqaliswe ohlelweni. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kwenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo, kodwa ezimweni eziningi kwenzeka ngenxa yalokhu, izimoto ezithile, i-algorithm.

Ngokwezibalo ezimotweni zakwaKia neHyundai izinzwa zomfutho wesondo zakuqala azipheli iminyaka emihlanu. Ngisho nokushintshwa okwengeziwe kwamabhethri ngokuvamile akusizi. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, ngokuvamile zithathelwa indawo ezintsha.

Lapho uqaqa isondo, izinzwa zokucindezela ngokuvamile zilimaza ingono. Enye indlela yokuxazulula le nkinga ukusika imicu endaweni engaphakathi yengono ngompompi. Ngokuvamile lokhu kuyintambo engu-6 mm. Futhi ngokufanele, khona-ke udinga ukuthatha ingono ekhamera endala futhi unqume yonke irabha kuyo. ngokuqhubekayo kuyo, ngokufanayo, usike intambo yangaphandle enobubanzi obufanayo kanye nephimbo. Futhi hlanganisa le mininingwane emibili etholiwe. Kulesi simo, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuphatha isakhiwo nge-sealant.

Uma imoto yakho ekuqaleni ibingahlomezi izinzwa zokucindezela isondo, khona-ke kukhona amasistimu wendawo yonke angathengwa futhi afakwe ngaphezu kwalokho. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ochwepheshe bephawula, ngokuvamile izinhlelo ezinjalo, futhi ngokufanele, izinzwa zihlala isikhathi esifushane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ufaka inzwa entsha esondweni, idinga ukulinganisa! Ngakho-ke, ukuze kufakwe nokulinganisa, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo ekufakeni amathayi, ngoba imishini efanelekile ikhona kuphela.

isiphetho

Okokuqala, okudingeka kubhekwe kwinzwa yokucindezela isondo ibhethri. Ikakhulukazi uma inzwa isisebenze iminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu. Kungcono ukuhlola inzwa usebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile. Uma ushintsha inzwa entsha, kuyadingeka "ukubhalisa" ohlelweni ukuze "ibone" futhi isebenze ngendlela efanele. Futhi ungakhohlwa, lapho ushintsha amathayi, ukuxwayisa isisebenzi esifaka isondo ukuthi inzwa yokucindezela ifakwe esondweni.